US modernizes and deploys B61-12 nuclear bombs across Europe

“The B61-12 gravity bombs have been fully deployed,” stated Jill Hruby, head of the US National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), without revealing their exact number or location.

Hruby noted that the US has been briefing NATO allies on American nuclear capabilities, organizing visits and related events.

The B61 family of bombs is one of the oldest and most versatile components of the US nuclear arsenal. The latest B61-12 model replaces older variants numbered 3, 4, 7, and 10. While the B61-12 has a lower explosive yield of up to 50 kilotons, its precision guidance, aided by tail fins, enhances its effectiveness. Once dropped from an aircraft, the bomb can independently adjust its trajectory to strike its intended target.

The production of the B61-12 began in 2021. Last week, the NNSA announced the completion of its $9 billion modernization program, with the final batch delivered to the Pentagon in December, Hruby confirmed.

The NNSA is now focusing on developing the new B61-13 bomb, which will have a yield of 360 kilotons. Production of the B61-13 is slated to commence in the fiscal year 2026 and will provide a yield comparable to that of the B61-7 model.

Hruby underscored NATO’s demonstration of strength in a “fundamentally changed” nuclear landscape shaped by the war in Ukraine. She also highlighted the importance of strategic collaboration between the US and the UK, especially in light of perceived threats from China.

In January last year, reports indicated that the United States had decided to redeploy nuclear weapons to the UK due to growing concerns over threats from Russia. The B61-12 bombs were planned for deployment at the Lakenheath base in Suffolk, marking the first time since 2008.

Currently, the bombs are integrated with B-2 Spirit strategic bombers. As of 2023, approximately 100 older B61 models remained stored across Europe. NATO air bases in Büyel (Germany), Kleine Brogel (Belgium), Volkel (Netherlands), and Ghedi (Italy) house 10–15 bombs each, while Aviano (Italy) and İncirlik (Türkiye) each store 20 bombs.

The B61-12 bombs are compatible with advanced aircraft, including the F-35A, F-15E, F-16, and Tornado fighter jets. According to Politico, these bombs began arriving in Europe in December 2022.