Middle East
Ex-US official says air defences fail against Yemeni airport strike
Successful strikes carried out by the Yemeni resistance against King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh have intensified scrutiny over air defence systems.
Stephen Bryen, a former US Deputy Under Secretary of Defence and a prominent expert in security strategy and technology, pointed out in an analysis published on his personal Substack account that it is becoming increasingly evident that even the best existing air defence systems fail to shield critical assets from damage or destruction.
Highlighting that the Yemeni operation employed a coordinated combination of loitering munitions, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles, the expert noted that the launch sequence unfolded in the order of drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles.
The raid lasted approximately 45 minutes. The most severe destruction occurred at gates 401 to 403, which were struck initially by Quds cruise missiles, each carrying a payload of 150 kg.
According to Bryen, the situation was further compounded when debris from Patriot interceptors crashed into the terminals, causing fires and spreading shrapnel.
Noting that no air raid sirens were sounded and no early warning of the strike was issued, the author stressed that the airport lacked a civil defence system, shelters, or publicized evacuation procedures.
Arguing it was clear that Ansar Allah “aimed to cause mass casualties in order to punish Saudi Arabia for its support of government forces in Yemen”, the author stated that “the Houthi militia had repeatedly issued public warnings regarding their intentions” and had made plain their goal of shutting down the Riyadh airport, even if it was not their sole target.
Bryen continued:
“Despite modern radars and airborne early warning systems, the launches of the unmanned aerial vehicles, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles went undetected. Saudi Arabia possesses five E-3A AWACS aircraft, two Saab 2000 Erieye AWACS aircraft equipped with modern AESA radars (the E-3A radar being an older pulse-Doppler system), and a series of other dedicated tactical reconnaissance platforms (RE-3A, RE-3B). These systems and coastal radar installations are integrated into a centralized defence network linked to air defence assets such as Patriot, THAAD, and up to 10 batteries of the Korean-made KM-SAM Block-II (Cheongung-II) used for lower-tier air defence against short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs), cruise missiles, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).”
Pointing out that there are no reports indicating other countries, particularly the US and Israel, detected the Yemeni launches or alerted Saudi Arabia even if they did, the US expert recalled that drone and cruise missile launches are “easily concealed” and wrote that detecting such operations requires high-quality intelligence, typically human intelligence.
“The fact that Saudi Arabia established an initiative named the ‘Mecca Joint Defence Agreement’ … with Pakistan and Türkiye, excluding the US and frustrating Washington’s drive to expand the Abraham Accords to the Kingdom, may have played a role in dampening US interest in assisting the Kingdom with the Houthis and the Yemen issue,” Bryen claimed, arguing that it remains uncertain whether Washington will intervene now.
Emphasising that the Ansar Allah operation was an intensive attack employing new or upgraded technology “originating from Iran and perhaps developed with the support of Russia and China”, the author said:
“The suicide unmanned aerial vehicle used by the Houthis was the Samad-3. The Samad-3 is an extended-range loitering munition powered by a two-stroke, twin-cylinder piston engine (typically identified as a 3W110i B2 or DLE 170 class model) driving a rear-mounted pusher propeller. During long-range operations, such as extended flights exceeding 1,500 to 2,600 km, it generally flies at a lower average cruising speed of 148 to 185 km/h (80 to 100 knots or roughly 92 to 115 mph) to conserve fuel. Western experts do not consider the Samad-3 to be highly accurate, even though the latest variants have been enhanced with more jam-resistant satellite links. Between 30 and 40 Samad drones were deployed in the successive strikes on King Khalid Airport.”
He noted that the Quds cruise missile was more lethal, carried a larger warhead, featured advanced electronics, and was powered by a copy of the commercial Czech PBS TJ100 turbojet engine, pointing out that this copy was manufactured in Iran.
Underlining that the Quds-2 utilizes satellite-assisted navigation (GPS/GNSS) and inertial navigation systems (INS), Bryen said: “As a low-flying cruise missile, it can use terrain masking to evade standard radar coverage and air defence systems. The successful strikes by Quds cruise missiles on Terminals 3 and 4 demonstrate that it possesses effective guidance and anti-jamming electronic systems.”
Saudi officials had asserted that they intercepted a portion of the Burkan ballistic missiles using Patriot systems. According to Bryen, the Burkan missiles were not the elements that inflicted the primary damage on the airport.
Regarding the Burkan ballistic missiles, the author wrote:
“The Burkan is a modernized ballistic missile. Once the boost phase is completed following launch, the warhead separates from the missile body. The high-speed warhead alone is difficult for radar to detect. The Burkan-2H and Burkan-3 feature a separable, triconic (‘baby-bottle’ shaped) warhead inherited from Iran’s Qiam-1 and Shahab-3 designs. The separated warhead lacks active control surfaces, such as grid fins or thrusters, to execute evasive manoeuvres or terminal guidance corrections against interceptors like the MIM-104 Patriot. Nevertheless, the missile body travels along the same trajectory as the warhead, creating discrimination and targeting challenges for systems such as the Patriot.”
The author finds it “striking” that the damage inflicted by the Ansar Allah strike on King Khalid International Airport is roughly equivalent to the Iranian strikes against a series of US and Israeli bases that began with the “Martyr Soleimani” operation hitting Ain al-Asad airbase in Iraq in 2020.
According to Bryen, the takeaway from all this points to “grave intelligence shortcomings, inadequate integration of sensors, including radars.”
Recalling that several of these sensors had been targeted and destroyed by Iran, the author listed those targets: the half-billion-dollar THAAD radar (AN-TPY-2) stationed at Muwaffaq Salti in March 2026, the AN/FPS-132 Block 5 upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR) located near Al Khor in northern Qatar supporting US and Qatari ballistic missile tracking efforts, other early warning radars in the UAE, and air defence systems functioning well enough to prevent significant damage.
The author concluded his article by arguing that air defence systems and American base planning must be overhauled entirely:
“The US has focused on refining legacy systems like the Patriot and has introduced some interim systems like NASAMS, but has otherwise neglected developing new air defence solutions. Systems such as THAAD and the Navy’s SM-3 could also play a role, but their utility has remained limited. THAAD was not utilized in the Riyadh strike.
If the Houthi militia and the Iranians can penetrate the air defence networks of the US and its allies, the entire system will require a serious overhaul. Withdrawing from Middle Eastern bases is not a genuine solution; it is merely a short-term temporary fix. Even being pushed out of the United Kingdom should serve as a warning that base defences urgently need to be rethought.”
Middle East
US warns Gulf allies of possible Iran strikes after midterms
The US administration has notified several Gulf allies that it could launch a short but intensive military campaign against Iran immediately following the congressional midterm elections on 3 November. Washington urged regional states to prepare for this contingency.
According to a Wall Street Journal report citing sources with direct knowledge of the discussions, the warning did not specify which countries were briefed. Meanwhile, military activity on the ground has accelerated alongside these disclosures.
The US military has deployed a Patriot air defence battery from Texas to the Middle East, while beginning to pull its personnel back from exposed bases within range of Iranian ballistic missiles and drones to more secure positions. These moves reinforce indications that the US and Israel are preparing for a direct, wide-scale confrontation with Tehran.
The White House declined to comment on sensitive military plans whose existence has not been officially confirmed. An official statement emphasized, however, that President Donald Trump keeps all options on the table to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.
The New York Times reported last week that US and Israeli armed forces have stepped up joint military drills based on a short but intensive operational scenario. Potential targets identified by the newspaper include Iran’s nuclear facilities, critical energy infrastructure, and production centres for missiles and armed unmanned aerial vehicles.
The same report noted that while seen as an unlikely outcome, Trump could approve the operation before the end of October, though he might also opt against authorizing any military action. In recent months, Trump has repeatedly suspended decisions to re-enter active hostilities at the last moment.
The current active conflict between the two nations was triggered on 28 February by a joint US-Israeli strike on Iranian targets. Trump explained the primary rationale for the operation as ensuring that Tehran can under no circumstances attain a nuclear weapon.
These military actions follow the 12-day war fought in June 2025. During that air campaign, Washington directly targeted and struck Iran’s primary nuclear installations at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi outlined the latest situation on the ground during an address to the UN Security Council. Grossi stated that the agency has found no evidence indicating that Tehran is repairing or rebuilding from scratch the nuclear infrastructure damaged in the 2025 and 2026 strikes.
Criticizing the continued exclusion of monitors, Grossi urged Iran to grant international inspectors immediate access to all its nuclear sites, including damaged locations. Since the US bombardment in June 2025, the IAEA has been unable to independently verify the current status of Tehran’s stockpile of highly enriched uranium.
According to official agency records, Iran held 440.9 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60% purity prior to the June 2025 war. In nuclear physics, 60% enrichment is technically regarded as exceptionally close to the roughly 90% threshold required for weapons grade.
Following the bombings, Tehran barred international inspectors from entering the struck facilities. Because of this restriction, the regulatory body cannot ascertain how much of this critical stockpile remains intact or where it is currently stored.
Mounting military costs fuel domestic political pressure
President Trump maintains that the June 2025 air strikes demolished Iran’s nuclear capabilities. Nevertheless, the prolonged military operations have destabilized economic conditions, and soaring domestic fuel prices in particular are placing the governing Republican Party under severe political strain ahead of the midterms.
Trump has pushed back against criticism over rising energy costs, arguing that absorbing higher prices at the pump is necessary to prevent Tehran from acquiring nuclear arms.
Pentagon budget records reviewed by Reuters indicate that total US military spending on the Iran conflict has surpassed $47 billion. This figure stands 25% above official estimates released by defence officials in July.
The largest portion of total expenditures, $29 billion, was allocated to replenishing depleted munitions stocks, while $6 billion went toward replacing worn military hardware. It remains unclear whether repair bills for US bases damaged by retaliatory Iranian missile and kamikaze drone strikes are included in this official $47 billion sum.
Middle East
US military operations against Iran reach $47 billion
The total cost of US military operations against Iran has reached $47 billion.
According to a report by the American newspaper The Hill, citing an assessment by US Central Command (CENTCOM), the operation’s budget grew by more than $3 billion in the past month alone.
A detailed breakdown of the spending appears in a document prepared by the command. The largest share of the budget is accounted for by munitions shipments, totalling $29 billion.
Additional expenses arising directly from conducting the military operation stand at approximately $12 billion, whilst replacing lost military equipment and gear requires $6.1 billion.
Funding allocated to support military personnel deployed to the region, air transport, communications, and transport operations within the operational theatre is calculated at $7.6 billion.
Moreover, this overall total does not include the expenditure required to repair and rebuild US military bases in the Middle East.
According to information reported by The Hill, US President Donald Trump is weighing the possibility of launching fresh strikes against Iran following the country’s midterm elections.
Trump had previously described the military operation against Iran as one of the best decisions of his presidency.
Congress steps in as budget deficit deepens
The bill for the operation climbed swiftly in a short period. In a statement on 22 July, US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth announced that the cost of the Iran campaign had reached $37.5 billion.
Hegseth noted that the figure covered both expenses already incurred and projected spending through the end of the fiscal year on 30 September.
A day before Hegseth’s statement, The Washington Post reported that the Pentagon was facing a severe cash crunch due to the war with Iran.
The newspaper reported that the White House had requested an emergency supplemental appropriation of $67 billion from Congress to cover military expenses, warning that the military would be forced to cut other spending items if the request were rejected.
Following these developments, the House of Representatives approved a $1.15 trillion defence budget.
The relevant resolution includes allocating $73 billion in additional funding to the Pentagon and intelligence agencies, primarily to cover the costs of the war being waged with Iran.
Middle East
Over 3,000 Palestinians displaced as Israel’s Hebron siege hits day 5
The Israeli army’s siege of the city of Hebron in the occupied West Bank has entered its fifth day. More than 3,000 Palestinians have been forced to flee their homes as raids, house demolitions, and forced evictions continue across the city.
According to data shared by Hebron Municipality on 26 October, the number of displaced people has reached 3,189. More than 200 of them are infants.
Municipal authorities announced that roughly half of the total displaced population consists of children and youths under the age of 18.
Palestinian officials in the besieged city declared a state of emergency and established an urgent crisis desk.
Rami Khamis, a member of the crisis desk, highlighted civic solidarity in remarks to Al Jazeera, saying local residents and benefactors who refused to let their fellow citizens stay in temporary shelters opened their homes to displaced families.
A Palestinian forced to abandon his home in haste recounted his ordeal to Al Jazeera on 26 October.
Explaining that they fled with only the clothes on their backs, the resident said their savings, household goods, and official documents were left behind. After placing his family in a relatively safe place, he attempted to return to salvage their belongings, but could not reach the house because the area was no longer safe.
The siege began immediately after an attack on 23 October in which two Israeli soldiers were killed. The two Palestinians who carried out the assault were killed at the scene by Israeli forces.
Citing this incident, the Israeli army blockaded the city and launched wide-ranging operations. The British newspaper The Guardian described the measures carried out in Hebron as “collective punishment”.
Hamas official Mahmoud Mardawi also condemned both the siege in Hebron and the military incursions spreading across the occupied West Bank in a statement on 26 October.
Emphasising that these steps constitute collective punishment, Mardawi warned that escalating tensions on the ground could lead to grave consequences.
Mardawi further argued that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his government are using these attacks for propaganda and electoral calculations, stating that military pressure will not break Palestinian resilience and that calculations regarding annexation and mass expulsion will fail to achieve their goal.
Operation rift in Israeli leadership
As the blockade entered its fifth day, a divergence of opinion emerged between Israel’s military brass and the government.
According to a report in the Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper, Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu clashed over the future of the operation.
Zamir argued that the military campaign on the ground had delivered whatever benefit it could provide and that it was now time to bring it to an end.
Military officials said tangible gains achieved throughout the operation remained limited, indicating that whether to sustain the current push required reassessment.
Indeed, the newspaper reported that Israeli forces managed to seize only a limited number of weapons in the city, failing to uncover any unusual arsenals or major arms caches.
However, Chief of Staff Zamir’s proposal to end the operation was rejected. Prime Minister Netanyahu and the Defence Minister dismissed the recommendation and decided to continue the offensive.
At least 70 Palestinians have been detained in Hebron since the siege and operations began. The Israeli army is also continuing extensive demolition activities targeting civilian homes across the city.
-
Diplomacy4 days agoSecular dress code dispute exposes deeper Türkiye-Azerbaijan strains
-
Russia1 week agoUS and Russia weigh energy deals and corporate return in peace talks
-
Europe1 week agoMerz visits Asia to seek new markets for German defence firms
-
Europe2 weeks agoAfD drops Dexit to back single market in new Europe strategy
-
America2 weeks agoPentagon prepares US bases for 90-day siege in global war plan
-
Middle East2 weeks agoUS envoy says Syria interim leader Sharaa seeks Israel normalization
-
Interview2 weeks ago“The AfD is an expression of internal contradictions within German big capital”
-
Europe2 weeks agoSerbia opposition wins snap vote as Vucic concedes defeat
