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Slovakia considers retaliatory measures after Ukraine halts Russian gas transit

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Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico announced on Thursday, 2 December, that the coalition government would discuss retaliatory measures against Ukraine for halting the flow of Russian gas through its territory to Slovakia.

In a video message posted on Facebook, Fico stated that the Smer party would consider cutting off electricity supplies to Ukraine, reducing aid to Ukrainian refugees, and demanding the restoration of gas transits or compensation for losses Slovakia claims to have suffered due to the cessation of Russian gas flows.

Russian gas exports via Soviet-era pipelines through Ukraine ceased on New Year’s Day when the transit contract between Russia and Ukraine expired, marking the end of Moscow’s decades-long dominance of European energy markets.

Slovakia has alternative sources of gas, but Fico emphasized that the country would lose its transit revenues and incur additional transit fees to import non-Russian gas. He also warned that gas and electricity prices in Europe would rise as a result of Ukraine’s actions.

Fico announced that a Slovak delegation would discuss the situation in Brussels next Tuesday, after which his ruling coalition would consider retaliating against Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s actions, which he labeled as ‘sabotage’.

‘I declare that (my Smer-SSD party) is ready to discuss and agree in the coalition on the issues of stopping the supply of electricity and significantly reducing support for Ukrainian citizens in Slovakia,’ Fico stated.

The Slovak leader argued that the only alternative for a ‘sovereign Slovakia’ was to demand the restoration of transit or mechanisms to compensate for the loss of around 500 million euros in public finances.

Last week, Zelensky accused Fico of opening ‘a second energy front against Ukraine at Russia’s behest’.

Slovakia’s majority state-owned gas transit network operator, Eustream, reported revenues of €158 million and an after-tax profit of €25 million in the six months to 31 January, the latest period reported on its website.

State-owned Slovak gas importer SPP, which supplies about two-thirds of Slovak demand, stated on Wednesday that replacing all Russian gas this year would result in additional costs of about 90 million euros, mainly due to transit fees.

Slovakia, which borders Ukraine to the east, exported 2.4 million megawatt hours of electricity in the first 11 months of 2024 to Ukraine, which has been suffering from electricity shortages due to Russian bombardment, according to data from the Slovak grid operator.

Fico, who visited Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow on 22 December, said last week that Slovakia would consider reciprocal measures against Ukraine, such as halting back-up electricity supplies, if Kyiv stops gas transit from 1 January.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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