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A first ever at the Iraq security summit: PKK listed as a banned organization

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The results of the Iraq trip of Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan, Minister of National Defense Yaşar Güler and MİT President İbrahim Kalın were announced by the Turkish Foreign Ministry.

At the second Türkiye-Iraq Security Summit held in Iraq, the Iraqi government, Hashd al-Shaabi Commission and Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government were also represented on the Iraqi side of the table. The Security Summit, attended by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq, Mr. Fuad Hussein, the Iraqi Minister of Defense, the Iraqi National Security Undersecretary, the Chairman of the Hashd al-Shaabi Commission, the Deputy Head of the Intelligence Organization and the KRG Minister of Internal Affairs, took place in Baghdad on 14 March 2024.

Iraq accepted joint fight against PKK for the first time

The joint declaration published at the end of the summit marked a first in terms of Türkiye’s fight against the PKK in Iraq. At the Security Summit in December, PKK was defined as a common threat for the first time. This time in Baghdad, PKK was defined as a “banned organization” by Iraq in the joint declaration published. At the end of the meeting, Türkiye and Iraq, together with its factions, talked about a joint fight against the PKK for the first time. Following this summit, where the PKK’s targeting of Türkiye using Iraqi territory was accepted by the Iraqi authorities, it was reported that the two countries would establish joint permanent committees in this context and the security and diplomacy bureaucracy would coordinate the work at the ministerial level.

Türkiye’s anti-terrorism operations in northern Iraq since 2008 were considered a violation of territorial integrity by the Iraqi government for a long time. The operations often caused the Iraqi side to give a diplomatic note to Türkiye and the Turkish Ambassador to be summoned to Iraqi Foreign Ministry.

The Turkish Armed Forces carried out its first operation against the PKK in Northern Iraq in 1984. After the Murat operation in 1998, Türkiye could not intervene in Northern Iraq until 2008, especially after 2003, when Iraq faced the American invasion. However, with the restoration of relations with the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government, many camps and ammunition depots of the terrorist organization PKK were destroyed with the Operation Sun in 2008.

Operations “Claw” targeting Hakurk, Metina, Zap and Haftanin regions in the Kurdistan Regional Government of Northern Iraq have been continuing for five years now. The situation in which the Turkish Armed Forces’ operations against the PKK, which was the target of the Iraqi government until recently, andcaused a crisis between the two countries will now come to an end after the Security Summit held in Iraq. It seems that Turkish security and diplomatic leaders persuaded both the Iraqi government, the Kurdish administration and Shiite groups to act together against the PKK.

Erdogan to visit Baghdad after 12 years

The Iraqi side requested that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s expected visit to Iraq be mentioned in the final declaration of the second Security Summit held in Baghdad. This is interpreted as Baghdad attaching great importance to Erdogan’s expected visit and also wants to guarantee the visit. Erdoğan last paid an official visit to Iraq in 2012, when he was Prime Minister.

During his visit to Iraq, in addition to the fight against the terrorist organization PKK, Erdoğan is expected to discuss several headlines on economic cooperation, logistics and energy-related topics, including the reopening of the oil pipeline and the Development Road project that will pass through Türkiye and Iraq. The fact that the Russia-Ukraine war affects the economic-logistical routes of the whole world is of great concern to the region. While the Development Road project, which will pass through Iraq and is expected to be completed in 2029 and to generate an annual resource of 4 billion dollars for the Iraqi economy; meanwhile the project will also be able to be the complement of China’s One Belt One Road project and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor.

Spectrum in Iraq requires wider cooperation

Both cooperation initiative regarding the figh against PKK in Iraq and Development Road Project requires a wider cooperation for Türkiye, that is to include Iran and Gulf countries’ investments for the road.

Middle East

US warns Gulf allies of possible Iran strikes after midterms

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The US administration has notified several Gulf allies that it could launch a short but intensive military campaign against Iran immediately following the congressional midterm elections on 3 November. Washington urged regional states to prepare for this contingency.

According to a Wall Street Journal report citing sources with direct knowledge of the discussions, the warning did not specify which countries were briefed. Meanwhile, military activity on the ground has accelerated alongside these disclosures.

The US military has deployed a Patriot air defence battery from Texas to the Middle East, while beginning to pull its personnel back from exposed bases within range of Iranian ballistic missiles and drones to more secure positions. These moves reinforce indications that the US and Israel are preparing for a direct, wide-scale confrontation with Tehran.

The White House declined to comment on sensitive military plans whose existence has not been officially confirmed. An official statement emphasized, however, that President Donald Trump keeps all options on the table to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.

The New York Times reported last week that US and Israeli armed forces have stepped up joint military drills based on a short but intensive operational scenario. Potential targets identified by the newspaper include Iran’s nuclear facilities, critical energy infrastructure, and production centres for missiles and armed unmanned aerial vehicles.

The same report noted that while seen as an unlikely outcome, Trump could approve the operation before the end of October, though he might also opt against authorizing any military action. In recent months, Trump has repeatedly suspended decisions to re-enter active hostilities at the last moment.

The current active conflict between the two nations was triggered on 28 February by a joint US-Israeli strike on Iranian targets. Trump explained the primary rationale for the operation as ensuring that Tehran can under no circumstances attain a nuclear weapon.

These military actions follow the 12-day war fought in June 2025. During that air campaign, Washington directly targeted and struck Iran’s primary nuclear installations at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi outlined the latest situation on the ground during an address to the UN Security Council. Grossi stated that the agency has found no evidence indicating that Tehran is repairing or rebuilding from scratch the nuclear infrastructure damaged in the 2025 and 2026 strikes.

Criticizing the continued exclusion of monitors, Grossi urged Iran to grant international inspectors immediate access to all its nuclear sites, including damaged locations. Since the US bombardment in June 2025, the IAEA has been unable to independently verify the current status of Tehran’s stockpile of highly enriched uranium.

According to official agency records, Iran held 440.9 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60% purity prior to the June 2025 war. In nuclear physics, 60% enrichment is technically regarded as exceptionally close to the roughly 90% threshold required for weapons grade.

Following the bombings, Tehran barred international inspectors from entering the struck facilities. Because of this restriction, the regulatory body cannot ascertain how much of this critical stockpile remains intact or where it is currently stored.

Mounting military costs fuel domestic political pressure

President Trump maintains that the June 2025 air strikes demolished Iran’s nuclear capabilities. Nevertheless, the prolonged military operations have destabilized economic conditions, and soaring domestic fuel prices in particular are placing the governing Republican Party under severe political strain ahead of the midterms.

Trump has pushed back against criticism over rising energy costs, arguing that absorbing higher prices at the pump is necessary to prevent Tehran from acquiring nuclear arms.

Pentagon budget records reviewed by Reuters indicate that total US military spending on the Iran conflict has surpassed $47 billion. This figure stands 25% above official estimates released by defence officials in July.

The largest portion of total expenditures, $29 billion, was allocated to replenishing depleted munitions stocks, while $6 billion went toward replacing worn military hardware. It remains unclear whether repair bills for US bases damaged by retaliatory Iranian missile and kamikaze drone strikes are included in this official $47 billion sum.

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US military operations against Iran reach $47 billion

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The total cost of US military operations against Iran has reached $47 billion.

According to a report by the American newspaper The Hill, citing an assessment by US Central Command (CENTCOM), the operation’s budget grew by more than $3 billion in the past month alone.

A detailed breakdown of the spending appears in a document prepared by the command. The largest share of the budget is accounted for by munitions shipments, totalling $29 billion.

Additional expenses arising directly from conducting the military operation stand at approximately $12 billion, whilst replacing lost military equipment and gear requires $6.1 billion.

Funding allocated to support military personnel deployed to the region, air transport, communications, and transport operations within the operational theatre is calculated at $7.6 billion.

Moreover, this overall total does not include the expenditure required to repair and rebuild US military bases in the Middle East.

According to information reported by The Hill, US President Donald Trump is weighing the possibility of launching fresh strikes against Iran following the country’s midterm elections.

Trump had previously described the military operation against Iran as one of the best decisions of his presidency.

Congress steps in as budget deficit deepens

The bill for the operation climbed swiftly in a short period. In a statement on 22 July, US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth announced that the cost of the Iran campaign had reached $37.5 billion.

Hegseth noted that the figure covered both expenses already incurred and projected spending through the end of the fiscal year on 30 September.

A day before Hegseth’s statement, The Washington Post reported that the Pentagon was facing a severe cash crunch due to the war with Iran.

The newspaper reported that the White House had requested an emergency supplemental appropriation of $67 billion from Congress to cover military expenses, warning that the military would be forced to cut other spending items if the request were rejected.

Following these developments, the House of Representatives approved a $1.15 trillion defence budget.

The relevant resolution includes allocating $73 billion in additional funding to the Pentagon and intelligence agencies, primarily to cover the costs of the war being waged with Iran.

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Over 3,000 Palestinians displaced as Israel’s Hebron siege hits day 5

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The Israeli army’s siege of the city of Hebron in the occupied West Bank has entered its fifth day. More than 3,000 Palestinians have been forced to flee their homes as raids, house demolitions, and forced evictions continue across the city.

According to data shared by Hebron Municipality on 26 October, the number of displaced people has reached 3,189. More than 200 of them are infants.

Municipal authorities announced that roughly half of the total displaced population consists of children and youths under the age of 18.

Palestinian officials in the besieged city declared a state of emergency and established an urgent crisis desk.

Rami Khamis, a member of the crisis desk, highlighted civic solidarity in remarks to Al Jazeera, saying local residents and benefactors who refused to let their fellow citizens stay in temporary shelters opened their homes to displaced families.

A Palestinian forced to abandon his home in haste recounted his ordeal to Al Jazeera on 26 October.

Explaining that they fled with only the clothes on their backs, the resident said their savings, household goods, and official documents were left behind. After placing his family in a relatively safe place, he attempted to return to salvage their belongings, but could not reach the house because the area was no longer safe.

The siege began immediately after an attack on 23 October in which two Israeli soldiers were killed. The two Palestinians who carried out the assault were killed at the scene by Israeli forces.

Citing this incident, the Israeli army blockaded the city and launched wide-ranging operations. The British newspaper The Guardian described the measures carried out in Hebron as “collective punishment”.

Hamas official Mahmoud Mardawi also condemned both the siege in Hebron and the military incursions spreading across the occupied West Bank in a statement on 26 October.

Emphasising that these steps constitute collective punishment, Mardawi warned that escalating tensions on the ground could lead to grave consequences.

Mardawi further argued that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his government are using these attacks for propaganda and electoral calculations, stating that military pressure will not break Palestinian resilience and that calculations regarding annexation and mass expulsion will fail to achieve their goal.

Operation rift in Israeli leadership

As the blockade entered its fifth day, a divergence of opinion emerged between Israel’s military brass and the government.

According to a report in the Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper, Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu clashed over the future of the operation.

Zamir argued that the military campaign on the ground had delivered whatever benefit it could provide and that it was now time to bring it to an end.

Military officials said tangible gains achieved throughout the operation remained limited, indicating that whether to sustain the current push required reassessment.

Indeed, the newspaper reported that Israeli forces managed to seize only a limited number of weapons in the city, failing to uncover any unusual arsenals or major arms caches.

However, Chief of Staff Zamir’s proposal to end the operation was rejected. Prime Minister Netanyahu and the Defence Minister dismissed the recommendation and decided to continue the offensive.

At least 70 Palestinians have been detained in Hebron since the siege and operations began. The Israeli army is also continuing extensive demolition activities targeting civilian homes across the city.

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