Diplomacy
Recognition diplomacy for TRNC begins with Turkic states

Having struggled for recognition as an independent state for 39 years, the TRNC (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) has crossed a significant threshold by becoming an observer member of the OTS (Organization of the Turkic States). “It is of great importance that a strong coalition is formed by intensive cooperation with the Turkic World and that the policy toward the recognition of the TRNC is actively put into practice,” says Prof. Hüseyin Işıksal.
Following the 2017 breakdown of the Crans Montana negotiations, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which has existed as an independent state despite all embargoes for 39 years, has based its policy on sovereign equality and equal international status. The TRNC’s unnamed recognition policy since 2017 was concretized by the address of President Tayyip Erdoğan to the UN Security Council (UN). With the TRNC’s admittance as an observer member of the OTS, a significant milestone was reached in the struggle being carried out in this context. Then, critical steps were taken. Following Gambia Vice President Badara Joof’s visit to the island to meet with TRNC President Ersin Tatar, a joint meeting between the ruling parties of Turkiye, Azerbaijan, and TRNC was held in Cyprus. Even though there is still a long way before Cyprus to go to be recognized as an independent state, patient and determined struggle is not alien to the Turkish Cypriots.

At a press conference on 19 December titled “Three States One Nation”, AK Party Deputy Chairman Numan Kurtulmuş (right), New Azerbaijan Party Deputy Chairman Tahir Budagov (left) and TRNC National Unity Party Secretary General Oğuzhan Hasipoğlu. PHOTO: Ali Ruhluel/AA
‘Doing the same thing and expecting different results is pointless’
International Relations and Diplomacy Special Advisor to the President of the TRNC, and Member of the Negotiation Committee, Prof. Hüseyin Işıksal talks to Harici about the roadmap to be followed by the TRNC in the diplomacy of recognition as well as the role that this new strategy will play in the ongoing conflict over the Eastern Mediterranean.
- Do the efforts to be recognized as an independent state indicate that a new UN negotiation process based on the “one state” model of Turkiye and the TRNC is off the table? Or will the new recognition initiative be carried out in tandem with the UN negotiation process?
In the presidential candidacy declaration titled “A New Era, A New Vision” in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus elections held in October 2020, Ersin Tatar stated that any viable solution for Cyprus should be predicated on the presence of two sovereign and equal states. He appealed for the Turkish Cypriot people’s support, saying that a solution based on federation was exhausted at the time. By freely voting for Mr. Tatar as President, the Turkish Cypriot people have indicated their support for this vision-based approach.
The facts on the ground in Cyprus demonstrate that the Turkish and Greek people, who share a troubled history with power asymmetry and have different races, languages, religions, cultures, and lifestyles, would not be able to coexist peacefully under a federal solution. This reveals that a federal solution would be short-lived even if this is attempted through the use of a coerced treaty. In the words of Albert Einstein, ‘insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.’ The insistence on a federal solution by the Greek Cypriot side will waste time and perpetuate the status quo, which harms all parties. It is now apparent which model cannot be applied in Cyprus.
In this context, the negotiation committee headed by TRNC President Ersin Tatar, of which I am a part, presented new solution proposals to the United Nations at the 5+UN informal negotiations held in Geneva on 27-29 April 2021. Accordingly, the committee proposed that a fair, realistic, and sustainable agreement honoring the Turkish Cypriot people’s long-devoted struggle for existence and statehood can only be reached by a collaboration of two states with sovereign equity and equal international status. The Turkish Cypriot side has always stated that formal negotiations can only begin on condition that the Turkish Cypriot people’s vested sovereign equity and equal international status have been confirmed. As things stand, compromising our statehood in no way will we confidently continue along this path open to reconciliation and cooperation.
‘No letup in the pace of struggle’
- The TRNC has taken a significant step forward with its admittance to the OTS as an observer member. How will the following step be carried out? Is there a roadmap for this new recognition diplomacy?
President Tayyip Erdoğan’s historic call at the 77th General Assembly of the United Nations address to all world leaders for the formal recognition of the TRNC is crucial. It marks a new landmark in the history of the Turkish Cypriot people. By making this call, Mr. Erdogan has done more than merely protect the Turkish Cypriots and their legitimate independence; he has also become their voice at the United Nations, where they are not allowed to be represented.
Soon after this call, at the 9th Organization of the Turkic States Leaders’ Summit held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, our state was unanimously admitted as an observer member for the first time under its constitutional name, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is a historical step toward international recognition. From this moment forward, we will no longer be subjected to procedures that would keep us in the status of minority.
Compared to many globally recognized states, fulfilling all the conditions of statehood with its full-fledged institutions and organizations, the TRNC is much more socio-economically and politically advanced. The TRNC is slowly yet gradually gaining acceptance from the international community. These days when we celebrate the 39th anniversary of our Republic, we will not rest on our laurels and continue our noble struggle with the tremendous momentum that this positive development encourages. It is of great importance to form a solid cooperation under the leadership of Turkiye with the Turkic world sharing the same values with the TRNC and to vigorously implement the policy for the recognition of the TRNC. The decision of the Organization of Turkic States to admit the TRNC as an observer member will also help to eliminate the unfair imbalance of status in Cyprus and ensure a just reconciliation based on sovereign equality on the island.
‘Geopolitical equation may shift in the Eastern Mediterranean’
- Is the current polarization in the Eastern Mediterranean to be affected by Turkiye’s “normalization” measures towards Egypt? How do you see the situation developing in that part of the world?
If Turkiye’s “normalization” efforts toward Egypt pan out, we can expect the geopolitical equation in the Eastern Mediterranean to shift dramatically. Recently discovered hydrocarbon reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean have opened up new possibilities for regional collaboration. However, the maximalist demands and ambitions of the Cypriot Greek and Greek sides have had a disastrous economic impact on other coastal European and Mediterranean states. Should the maritime zone issues in the Eastern Mediterranean be settled fairly, the region will face even more significant political challenges. Such a great upheaval will benefit no party.
The main challenge here is that Turkiye, which has the longest coastline in the Eastern Mediterranean and is barely 70 km away from the island of Cyprus, is being attempted to be left out of the political equation in the region. Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration’s (GCA) primary foreign policy move is to immediately appeal to and forge an alliance with a country whenever it has a problem, no matter how negligible, with Turkiye. Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration mainly intend to confine Turkiye to the Gulf of Antalya by reducing Turkiye’s Exclusive Economic Zone by 3.5 times with the so-called Sevilla map they have created. All regional states, particularly Israel and Egypt, will benefit significantly if they sign maritime authorization agreements with Turkiye. I believe that the ‘containment’ strategy of the Greek-Cypriot Greek duo will fail, and the geopolitical equation in the Eastern Mediterranean may entirely change with the new strategic relations Turkiye has established with the regional countries.
Diplomacy
BlackRock halts work on Ukraine reconstruction fund amid Trump uncertainty

US-based BlackRock, the world’s largest investment company, has reportedly halted its efforts to find investors for a planned reconstruction fund for Ukraine.
According to a report by Bloomberg that cited sources familiar with the matter, the decision is driven by uncertainties surrounding US President Donald Trump’s position on Ukraine.
The fund was scheduled to be unveiled at a conference on Ukraine’s reconstruction on July 10-11, an event attended by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Sources indicated that the initiative was close to securing initial support from entities linked to the governments of Germany, Italy, and Poland.
However, with the possibility of Trump returning to the White House in January, BlackRock has decided to temporarily suspend its discussions with institutional investors, citing uncertainty about future support for Ukraine.
Alternative plan from France
Bloomberg has also learned that France is now developing an alternative plan, which includes creating a new fund to replace the initiative that BlackRock has suspended. The effectiveness of this new plan without US participation, however, remains a significant question.
A BlackRock representative stated that the company completed its pro bono advisory work for the Ukraine project in 2024 and currently has “no active commitments” to the Ukrainian government.
“The only discussions that influence BlackRock’s decisions are those the firm has with its clients,” the representative emphasized.
The fund’s $15 billion target
BlackRock Vice Chairman Philipp Hildebrand, who was previously involved in the negotiations, had announced plans to attract at least $500 million from governments, international development banks, and other public donors, along with approximately $2 billion from private investors.
According to Hildebrand, uniting investors under a single consortium would have enabled the direction of at least $15 billion in equity and debt investments toward Ukraine’s reconstruction.
The World Bank estimates that the total cost for Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction exceeds €500 billion. Rebuilding the country’s port infrastructure alone is projected to require at least €1 billion.
Diplomacy
BRICS summit condemns attack on Iran, demands Gaza ceasefire

At the 17th BRICS Summit, which began Sunday in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, military attacks against Iran were condemned, and a call was made for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza.
As the summit continued, US President Donald Trump threatened new tariffs on countries supporting BRICS policies.
A joint statement released by the group declared that the military attacks on Iran were a “violation of international law and the Charter of the United Nations (UN).”
Trump threatens tariffs on countries supporting BRICS
While the BRICS summit was underway, US President Donald Trump announced on the social media platform Truth Social that a 10% additional tariff would be imposed on countries that decide to support the group’s “anti-American policy.” Trump stated, “There will be no exceptions.”
Previously, Trump had threatened to impose a 100% tariff on the products of BRICS countries if they created an alternative currency to the dollar.
The US President had said, “BRICS has zero chance of replacing the American dollar in international trade. Any country that tries to do so can wave goodbye to America.” After this threat, Trump claimed that BRICS was “dead.”
Attack on Iran a ‘violation of international law’
The BRICS communiqué expressed “deep concern” over the escalating security situation in the Middle East and the deliberate attacks on civilian infrastructure and peaceful nuclear facilities.
The group emphasized its support for diplomatic initiatives aimed at resolving regional challenges and called on the UN Security Council (UNSC) to address the issue.
Call for immediate ceasefire in Gaza, compliance in Lebanon
The statement also reiterated concern over the situation in the occupied Palestinian territories as Israel’s attacks on the Gaza Strip continue.
The text condemned all violations of international law, particularly international humanitarian law and human rights law, drawing special attention to the use of starvation as a method of warfare.
The parties were urged to engage in further negotiations in good faith to achieve an immediate, permanent, and unconditional ceasefire. Additionally, “unwavering” support for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was affirmed.
The communiqué expressed satisfaction with the ceasefire in Lebanon and called on all parties to “strictly adhere to its terms.”
Ongoing violations of the ceasefire and of Lebanon’s sovereignty and territorial integrity were condemned.
The statement called on Israel to “respect the terms agreed upon with the Lebanese government and withdraw its occupying forces from all Lebanese territory.”
‘We are committed to Syria’s territorial integrity’
BRICS also affirmed its commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Syria. It called for a Syrian-led, peaceful, and inclusive political process based on the principles of UNSC Resolution 2254.
The partial occupation of some parts of Syria was strongly condemned, with a call for Israel to withdraw its forces without delay. The threat posed by the presence of foreign terrorist fighters in Syria was also condemned.
BRICS has a responsibility to defend international law, Araghchi declared
Speaking at the summit, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi emphasized that BRICS has a responsibility to defend international law and multilateralism, and to support the fundamental principles of the UN, from the equality of states to the rejection of the use of force and the peaceful resolution of disputes.
Araghchi stated that the attack on Iran was “a result of the absolute impunity granted by the US and some European countries for the Israeli regime to commit crimes without accountability.”
Stating that both Israel and the US must be held accountable for their violations of international law, Araghchi warned that the consequences of this attack would not be limited to his country but would spread throughout the entire region and even beyond.
The Iranian minister expressed that “the security dilemma in the region will not be resolved as long as Israel’s illegal tendencies are encouraged by its supporters.”
Noting that residential areas and military bases were targeted in the attacks, and that military leaders, soldiers, academics, and scientists were killed, Araghchi stressed Tehran’s determination to document the war crimes committed.
Araghchi added that “Iran will not abandon its demand for justice and compensation” and that his country “will continue to defend itself with all its might against any future attacks.”
The unipolar world is a thing of the past, says Putin
Participating in the summit via video conference, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the world is witnessing profound changes and that the unipolar system of international relations “is a thing of the past.”
Calling for the strengthening of cooperation among BRICS countries, Putin expressed his hope for expanding the use of national currencies.
Putin stated that all member countries “stand for the principles of equality, good neighborliness, and traditional values,” adding, “The influence and position of BRICS are growing every year, and it has rightfully become one of the main centers of the global system.”
The Russian leader noted that the group “significantly surpasses” other blocs like the G7 in terms of purchasing power parity.
The UNSC must be reformed, says Lula da Silva
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva warned that the UN is in danger of “losing credibility and becoming paralyzed.”
Lula da Silva called for the UNSC to be reformed by “adding new permanent members from the Global South.” He stated that this is not just a matter of justice but also “a guarantee for the survival of the UN.”
The Brazilian leader also warned of a potential nuclear catastrophe and urged world leaders not to ignore the “genocide” committed by Israel in the Gaza Strip.
He emphasized that a solution is only possible “with the end of the occupation and the establishment of a Palestinian state.”
Lavrov supports Araghchi
On the sidelines of the summit, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov held a meeting with his Iranian counterpart, Araghchi. Lavrov reiterated his country’s position condemning the illegal attacks against Iran, including those on peaceful nuclear facilities.
Emphasizing the importance of taking effective steps to prevent the escalation of tensions in the region, Lavrov stated that Russia is ready to assist, including at the UNSC level.
The global rise of BRICS
BRICS was initially coined as the acronym BRIC by Goldman Sachs chief economist Jim O’Neill to describe the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
These countries formed an informal club in 2009. With the inclusion of South Africa in 2010, the group became known as BRICS. The group expanded in 2023 with the addition of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE, and Indonesia joined at the beginning of 2025.
Kirill Dmitriev, CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), stated during the summit in Brazil that the era of the Global South has begun.
Dmitriev noted that BRICS countries account for half of global economic growth, about 45% of the world’s population, and approximately 40% of global GDP, while the G7’s share remains at 29%.
Diplomacy
Juan Carrero condemns global indifference to tragedies in Gaza and Congo

In a speech at the International Peace Coalition meeting organized by the Schiller Institute, Juan Carrero, President of the s’Olivar Foundation in Spain, stated that the world has become “morally dead” by ignoring major tragedies in Gaza, Syria, and Africa. He argued that this moral decay fuels the madness of war.
Carrero noted that resisting countries like Iran possess something far more powerful than nuclear weapons, saying, “This is honor.”
Describing the analyses at the meeting as “sensible, courageous, and enlightening,” Carrero highlighted the Schiller Institute’s consistent emphasis on the importance of morality alongside its geostrategic analyses.
‘Moral death is worse’
Carrero stated that moral corruption has always been at the root of the destructive collapse of empires and all war frenzies in history. “Those pursuing a delusional expansionist project aim to bring about regime change in Iran. This is the last of the seven regime changes they have planned. They claim to be very concerned about Iran obtaining a nuclear bomb,” he said.
Carrero emphasized that Iran and many other countries resisting the latest follies of the collapsing Anglo-Western empire possess something far more powerful than nuclear weapons, reiterating, “This is honor.” He added that Iran does not see the assassination of its generals or nuclear scientists in their homes with their families as a failure. He continued:
“Each of them is a martyr whose blood will give life to their people. On this matter, both heroic military leaders and political activists agree with the advocates of the non-violence movement. There is something much worse than physical death, and that is moral death.”
‘The world is morally dead’
Carrero asserted that a world that ignores the tragedies in Gaza, Syria, or Africa because they are not thought to directly trigger a nuclear catastrophe is a “worthless and morally dead” world.
“The same applies to a world that does not care about Africa because the conflicts there are not waged with weapons of mass destruction or weapons that could destroy our Anglo-Western way of life,” Carrero assessed.
In his speech, Carrero pointed to a series of “follies” that should not be tolerated, including the “Greater Israel project,” the “desire for Russia’s collapse,” and the quest by “the genocidal Paul Kagame to annex the vast eastern territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo.”
Specifically addressing the situation in Congo, Carrero noted that the country has 7 million refugees, millions of victims, and hundreds of thousands of cases of rape. He stated that heroic leaders like Victor Ingabir, who could end this madness, are systematically killed or imprisoned.
“Despite the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights ruling in his favor, Paul Kagame has abducted him once again, and no one can reach him,” Carrero said.
Carrero concluded his speech by presenting a video message from the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Adolfo Perez Esquivel, which included a call to “disarm the armed consciences and stop the wars and lies.”
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