Diplomacy
African Union joins Caribbean nations in demanding colonial reparations from Britain
The African Union has joined the campaign demanding reparations from Britain for its “historical crimes.”
The African Union is demanding “meaningful reparations” from former colonial powers that exploited the continent’s people, lands, and resources.
The Union also linked the ongoing “systemic injustice” on the continent to 19th-century imperialism.
At a summit of African and Caribbean leaders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, this week, the chairperson of the African Union Commission called for “reparatory justice and true freedom.”
Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, the Djiboutian politician responsible, announced that Africa and the Caribbean would work together to “honor our ancestors, uplift our descendants, and reclaim our common destiny in freedom, justice, and unity.”
The African Union will prepare its own reparation demands, while Caribbean nations are seeking trillions of dollars in compensation for slavery.
Britain, which controlled a quarter of the continent at the height of its empire, could face reparation claims not only related to the slave trade, in which African kingdoms also participated, but more broadly for “colonialism” and ongoing “structural and systemic injustice.”
Reparations could include the reform of global economic practices, the return of cultural artifacts, and compensation for the effects of climate change.
The demands will be directed at the former colonial powers in Africa, consisting of Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Germany, and Belgium in the late 19th century.
The 15 member states of the Caribbean Community (Caricom) have been demanding reparations for slavery for more than a decade, presenting a “10-point plan” to former colonial powers.
This plan includes not only financial compensation but also a full formal apology, debt cancellation, and requests for assistance with economic development and education.
The Telegraph previously revealed that when these demands were first drafted in 2013, Attorney General Lord Hermer worked with Caricom, advising on a potential case that could be brought against Britain.
The African Union is trying to catch up with the Caribbean’s cause, and The Telegraph has learned that a branch of the organization has been tasked with developing policies to pursue reparation claims.
This work has been ongoing for about eight months as part of the year the African Union declared the “Year of Reparations,” but progress is understood to be slow, and a definitive policy has not been established.
This follows a series of meetings between Caricom and the African Union dating back to 2023, when the idea of forming a united front against former colonizers was first raised.
Various injustices requiring reparations have been put forward, including “economic inequalities between Africa and the Global North,” which are said to be perpetuated through the “exploitative practices” of multinational corporations.
Furthermore, in the context of climate change, it has been argued that “industrialized nations in the Global North bear historical responsibility for environmental degradation.”
Experts working on the African Union policy also emphasize that “the return of stolen artifacts to their rightful owners in African countries is a step towards cultural restoration and healing.”
Museums in the United Kingdom have moved to return artifacts, including the Benin Bronzes, Ashanti gold, and objects sacred to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, on a temporary or permanent basis.
While the African Union is trying to model its approach on the Caribbean reparations infrastructure, which consists of special national and multinational committees, Caricom’s approach has so far yielded no results.
Demands for reparations have been repeatedly rejected by successive prime ministers, including Keir Starmer, who has opposed the Commonwealth’s efforts to secure commitments on reparation payments.
There were hopes that the Labour Party would be more open to paying reparations, and inside sources indicated that David Lammy would host a “Caricom forum” to listen to reparation demands during his time as foreign secretary.
However, this was postponed due to the conflict between Israel and Iran.
France and other former slave-trading powers have rejected the demands, and some Caribbean island nations have changed tactics, seeking reparations from institutions rather than unresponsive governments.
In June, leaders in Jamaica announced plans to call on King Charles, who as head of state under the Jamaican constitution is the conduit for legal petitions, to address the issue of reparations.
Grenada has demanded reparations from the Bank of England for its direct involvement in the slave trade, which included owning a plantation on the island.
Former BBC reporter Laura Trevelyan has offered personal reparations to the island nation, where her ancestors had stakes in several slave plantations.
In a 2023 interview with The Telegraph in Grenada, she called on others to do the same, revealing that more than 100 descendants of wealthy slave owners had signed up for a reparations group.
Diplomacy
CSTO strips Armenia of voting rights over two-year budget debt
Members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) have stripped Armenia of its voting rights and its ability to appoint representatives to official positions due to a two-year debt to the organization’s budget.
Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, “This decision was taken based on the organization’s charter due to Armenia’s failure to fulfil its obligations for several years.”
Prior to the CSTO leaders’ summit in Moscow, Peskov had stated that member states would “react” to the Caucasus country’s non-participation in the organization’s activities.
Ahead of the Moscow summit, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said his country’s “interest has run out” regarding the CSTO. Through his press spokesperson, he announced that he would travel to Türkiye on 11 November to attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) instead of going to Russia.
The CSTO leaders’ meeting was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
The leaders jointly took the decision to revoke Armenia’s voting rights.
At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants also signed a joint declaration.
The declaration stated: “We confirm our unconditional commitment to the goals set out in the CSTO treaty and charter towards creating favourable and stable conditions for the comprehensive development of member states.”
Pashinyan had frozen Yerevan’s de facto participation in the CSTO in February 2024, citing the organization’s failure to aid the Armenian side during the armed clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023.
Having referred to the CSTO as a “soap-bubble alliance” since that time, Pashinyan accused the organization’s members of “planning war” together with Baku. He stated that Armenia would not return to active work within the alliance at least “over the next five years”, adding that he would welcome it if the country were expelled from membership.
Relations between Armenia and Russia grew tense once again in the spring of 2026, after Yerevan moved closer to the European Union (EU) and the Kremlin responded with a trade war.
In May, Pashinyan refused to travel to Moscow to attend the Victory Day parade and declared that he did not support Russia on the Ukraine issue.
In response, Putin called on Yerevan to determine its foreign policy course through a referendum, advising Armenian authorities not to forget the fate of Ukraine.
Diplomacy
US urges Russia to draft proposals for new European security pact
The US administration has reportedly called on Russia to submit proposals for a prospective security treaty with Europe that would include measures to ease tensions between European nations and Moscow.
According to a report by news site Axios citing sources familiar with the matter, the US side conveyed the request during trilateral negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.
During the talks, US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner suggested that the Russian delegation prepare a fresh proposal outlining its security concerns and demands.
The US delegation reportedly asked that this proposal clarify what kind of “symmetrical steps” Moscow is prepared to take to de-escalate tensions and “provide non-aggression guarantees to Europe”.
Another source familiar with the White House’s approach said the Trump administration aims to run the processes for a new European security architecture and a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine simultaneously.
Under this plan, the actual implementation of the security understandings would take effect only after the signing of an accord ending the conflict in Ukraine.
Assessing the approach to the process, the source said: “[Ukrainian President Volodymyr] Zelenskyy will not agree to any compromise without knowing what will happen next regarding security guarantees. Putin also wants to see the exact same picture clearly. This is precisely why the security portfolio is so decisive.”
The same official noted that the US will not reach a security agreement with Russia without the support of Europe and Ukraine, adding that Washington will not grant Moscow veto power over European security decisions.
Vladimir Medinsky, aide to the Russian president and head of the delegation in the Ukraine negotiations, previously stated that the fundamental objective was building a comprehensive new security system in Europe.
Medinsky noted that the structure in question must take on the character of “a fair, new, modern Yalta and Potsdam that carries the spirit of Helsinki 1975 and responds to contemporary realities”.
The Russian official argued that if such a system were established, peace lasting for decades, or even centuries, could be secured in Europe.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also announced that Moscow possesses its own position paper on how a new security architecture in Eurasia should take shape.
Lavrov stated that Russia hopes the Washington administration will “maintain its determination to pursue dialogue aimed at achieving an honest balance of interests where nobody’s security is impaired”.
Russian authorities have repeatedly stated that the country has no intention of attacking Europe.
Pointing out that they have no reason to fight NATO countries, Russian President Vladimir Putin previously said: “We have no interest whatsoever, neither geopolitical nor economic, political nor military.”
In a statement in October, Putin said Russia has no plans to attack anyone “in 2029, in 2030, or in the year 2050”.
On the other hand, Putin claimed that “all NATO countries are fighting Russia” and stated that the Russian military is currently the most combat-ready armed force in the world.
Following the contacts in Abu Dhabi, Kushner announced that he and Witkoff would travel to Moscow.
Explaining that they plan to meet Putin during the visit to discuss European participation in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict, Kushner argued that the parties could make “far greater progress” if the Russian leader consents to such involvement.
Yury Ushakov, aide to the Russian president, stated that the US special envoys will arrive in Moscow on 12 November, with the planned meeting with the Russian president scheduled for the first half of the day.
Diplomacy
Vance leads indirect push for US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks
US Vice-President JD Vance has been personally involved over the past two weeks in indirect talks with Iran aimed at securing a fresh ceasefire and restarting nuclear negotiations.
According to Axios, Vance’s intense engagement indicates that he has taken it upon himself to extract the US from the conflict, which he views as responsible for the Republican Party’s shocking losses in this week’s elections.
This elevates the latest round of indirect talks to the highest echelons of the administration.
US officials and regional sources state that Trump is currently willing to let diplomatic efforts run their course to see whether any agreement is achievable.
Asked by reporters on Friday what his message was to Iran, Trump said, “We are talking to them.”
According to sources with direct knowledge of the matter, Vance speaks almost daily with Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, and other mediators regarding the negotiations with Iran.
White House envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, President Trump’s adviser and son-in-law, are also involved in the process.
Sources say Vance and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators have been discussing the possibility of holding a working-level technical meeting between the US and Iran in the coming days, though this has not yet materialized.
Before the war began in late February, Vance was among the most sceptical voices in Trump’s inner circle on the issue, advocating instead for a diplomatic solution.
In April, he led the US negotiating delegation at the Iran summit held in Islamabad and was personally involved in the talks that yielded a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between the US and Iran in June.
Vance subsequently headed the US delegation during a series of direct talks with Iran in Switzerland.
Two weeks ago, Vance sent a letter to Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, proposing that direct negotiations resume.
Rezaei is one of the closest advisers to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei.
Iranian officials noted that Vance’s letter generated positive momentum toward restarting talks.
On Wednesday, Vance said the war was the primary reason for the Republicans’ repudiation at the polls.
Sources involved in mediation efforts report that while progress is being made, the process is moving very slowly.
On Friday evening, the prime minister of Qatar said, “Over the past few weeks, we worked with our colleagues in the US administration who have a sincere intention to contain the situation and de-escalate. Thanks to them and the voices of reason in Tehran, we prevented the situation from spinning out of control.”
The prime minister added that discussions with the Trump administration continued following the midterm elections, though they were not as active as in previous days “because there are other matters.”
Nevertheless, he noted that the US intention to find a diplomatic resolution “remains ongoing” and emphasized that an agreement is possible.
On Friday morning, Trump and the Emir of Qatar discussed Qatari efforts to bridge differences between the US and Iran as part of an accord.
According to a statement from his office, Sheikh Tamim emphasized the necessity of “pursuing dialogue and diplomatic channels to resolve differences, prevent the region from facing further escalation, and ensure freedom of maritime navigation as well as the security of energy supplies.”
Separately, Trump confirmed on Friday that the US military conducted a strike on an anti-aircraft missile launcher on Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz after it fired a missile at a US fighter jet.
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