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China seeks $10b investment in lithium reserves in Afghanistan

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Afghanistan has been under occupation for the last 20 years, until the complete withdrawal on August 15, 2021. The US forces presence in Afghanistan marked the longest presence ever. There was no other country where the US had military presence for two decades. During the course of 20 years, and with the full engagement of the international community, nothing substantially changed in Afghanistan. There is quite evidence how it ended in war, but in the economic landscape it was also a failure.

The Afghans become poorer despite showering billions of dollars. It was expected there would be no poor community, or at least it would be at a lower point. However, this money did not really help; maybe this is because the US did not want that.

There were several indications that the US internally stopped running infrastructure projects. It has been said that former President Hamid Karzai told the US officials that they are working in five water dams to generate electricity. However, the appeal was rejected by the US side, and forced him to buy electricity from Central Asian states.

Afghanistan paid more money to transform electricity rather than investing in electricity dams, a permanent solution to the shortages of electricity.

This is just one example and there are many more of such. Meanwhile, the US was also not happy with investments made by other countries, especially from China and Russia. Despite that, China did not stop from investing in Afghanistan as well as providing scholarships for the Afghan students.

China investing $10b in Afghanistan

Afghanistan Ministry of Mines and Petroleum had said that Chinese Company “Gochin” is ready to invest $10 billion in Afghanistan’s lithium deposits, and the Taliban Acting Minister for Mine and Petroleum, Shahabuddin Delawar also met with the Chinese company representatives in Kabul, where they explored the project.

The Afghan ministry had expressed hope on the project, saying that the investment would create 120,000 direct jobs and indirectly to another million of Afghans.

The ministry also hinted that two Chinese companies are interested in repairing the Salang Pass within seven months. The companies also promised to carve another tunnel to make travel to the Afghans.

The company said that the lithium deposits will be getting done inside Afghanistan, and in order to go with the project, they also built a hydroelectric dam. Kumar and Laghman Road will also be asphalted to make the transportation easy.

At the start of the year, Afghanistan and China signed the extraction contract for the Amu oil field. The Chinese company named “China Petroleum Economics and Information Research Center (CPEIC) inked the agreement in which Afghanistan’s share is 20 percent at the moment.

This shows that China is more interested and already has increased its efforts to help Afghans via economic ties and it has been a great achievement if the Chinese company invests on estimated worth over $1 trillion lithium deposits.

Beefing up security

Reportedly, what has stopped the Chinese company from more investing in Afghanistan is the fragile security situation. With the return of the Taliban to power, it was hoped that there would be no security incidents; however, security incidents have been frequently the case.

Undoubtedly, China wants to invest more if the Taliban guarantee security for their workers and their assets. The Taliban had time and again assured to maintain security and firmly fight against terrorists. The Taliban spokesman had earlier said that China wants to invest in some sectors and currently they are in talk. Another project, “Mes Aynak” the country’s largest copper mine was also used to extract by the Chinese companies but due to security issues, the project did not end well. It has been reported that several elements in the past government had received money from foreigners to insecure the place of Aynak.

However, the current ruler of Afghanistan, Taliban, said they are fully ready to maintain security of the Chinese companies and workers.

Daesh is not a major threat

On the issue of Islamic State (IS), aka Daesh, the Taliban spokesman said that Daesh is not a major problem and they will not let the group gain more ground. He also said that Daesh has no significant presence in the country and they need to hide themselves as the Taliban security forces are chasing them.

However, still the Daesh managed to carry out some activities like blast in Kabul, and some provinces, including direct attacks on Taliban meetings. The group had also taken responsibility for attacks on a hotel in Kabul, famous for Chinese guests. Daesh also attacked Russian and Pakistan embassies in Kabul.

In return, the Taliban have intensified attacks on the Daesh hideouts, and killed key Daesh members. Daesh members were also arrested and their family members were shifted to the safe place.

Particular, Daesh had actively targeted Chinese sites, a neighboring country that has been involved in construction and reconstruction of Afghanistan.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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