Diplomacy
End of an era: PKK disbands, ceases armed struggle in Türkiye
The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), following a congress convened in response to a call by Devlet Bahceli, has announced its dissolution. In the organization’s declaration, which stated, “activities conducted under the name of PKK have been terminated,” criticisms were leveled against the Treaty of Lausanne and the 1924 Constitution, and a call was made for the restructuring of Kurdish-Turkish relations.
The PKK declared at its 12th Congress that it had resolved to dissolve its organizational structure and cease its armed struggle. This decision came after a call from the organization’s founder, Abdullah Ocalan, and is being regarded as the dawn of a new era in Türkiye.
Between May 5-7, 2025, during its 12th Congress held in northern Iraq, the PKK decided to dissolve its organizational structure and terminate its armed struggle. The declaration announcing the congress’s decisions, published by the organization’s news outlet, Firat News Agency, stated: “The 12th PKK Congress, with the practical implementation process to be managed and executed by Leader Apo, has decided to dissolve the organizational structure of the PKK and end the method of armed struggle, thereby terminating activities conducted under the name of PKK.”
Notably, the decision to disband was confined to the Kurdistan Communities Union’s (KCK) Turkish branch, the PKK. The KCK framework includes armed and political extensions such as the PKK in Türkiye, the YPG/YPJ in Syria, KCK-Bakur and HPG in Iraq, and PJAK in Iran.
The process began with Bahceli’s call
The PKK’s dissolution process commenced after Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) leader Devlet Bahceli’s appeal to Ocalan last October. On October 22, Bahceli urged Ocalan, stating: “Türkiye does not need a new solution process but rather to engage common sense, take honest and sincere steps, and further strengthen a thousand-year brotherhood. Türkiye’s problem is not the Kurds but the separatist terrorist organization. It is imperative to individually resolve the issues of my Kurdish brothers… I also address those who claim nothing will happen unless the terrorist leader is involved. If the terrorist leader’s isolation is lifted, let him come and speak at the DEM Party group meeting in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Let him proclaim that terrorism has completely ended and the organization has been abolished.”
Responding to Bahceli’s remarks, Ocalan, in a statement from prison on February 27, indicated that the organization should renounce armed struggle and pivot towards democratic politics. The PKK convened its congress and approved the dissolution in response to this call.
Emphasis on Lausanne and the 1924 Constitution
The PKK’s dissolution declaration drew attention for its references to the Treaty of Lausanne and the 1924 Constitution, and its inclusion of the word “genocide.”
The text asserted: “Our party, the PKK, emerged on the historical stage as our people’s freedom movement against the Kurdish denial and annihilation policy originating from the Treaty of Lausanne and the 1924 Constitution.” It further stated, “The PKK was shaped under conditions where strict Kurdish denial, the annihilation policy based on it, and policies of genocide and assimilation were dominant.”
‘Restructuring Kurdish-Turkish relations is inevitable’
The declaration argued that amidst the conditions of a “3rd World War,” a restructuring of Turkish-Kurdish relations is necessary: “Leader Apo adopted the perspective of a Democratic Republic of Türkiye, where the Common Homeland and Kurdish-Turkish peoples are constituent elements, and the Democratic Nation understanding as the framework for resolving the Kurdish issue, referencing the period before the Treaty of Lausanne and the 1924 Constitution when Kurdish-Turkish relations became problematic. Kurdish rebellions throughout the history of the Republic, the 1000-year historical dialectic of Kurdish-Turkish relations, and the 52-year leadership struggle have demonstrated that the Kurdish issue can only be beneficially resolved on the basis of a Common Homeland and Equal Citizenship. Current developments in the Middle East within the scope of the 3rd World War also render the restructuring of Kurdish-Turkish relations inevitable.”
Call to the Turkish Grand National Assembly
The PKK’s declaration emphasized that the organization has fulfilled its historical mission and that the Kurdish issue should be resolved through democratic politics. It stated: “The implementation of these decisions requires Leader Apo to manage and direct the process, the recognition of the right to democratic politics, and a solid, comprehensive legal guarantee. At this stage, it is important for the Turkish Grand National Assembly to play its role with historical responsibility.”
Turkish government: Historic step
Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan described the PKK’s decision to disband as “a historic step for regional peace” and affirmed that Türkiye will closely monitor the process. AK Party Spokesperson Omer Celik remarked that the decision was “an important step towards a terror-free Türkiye.”
CHP: Parliament should be involved in the process
Republican People’s Party (CHP) Deputy Group Chairman Ali Mahir Basarir, speaking on a live television broadcast, said: “This country has been combating terrorism for 40 years. The silencing of weapons and the cessation of bloodshed are, of course, significant. However, for the legitimacy of the process, it is essential that Parliament is involved.”
Expressing his unease regarding the lack of transparency in managing the process, Basarir commented: “We should not be learning about this process from Samil Tayyar. It should be conducted transparently with the parties represented in Parliament. No one should be providing us with information from journalists or through back channels. If Parliament is excluded, social consensus cannot be achieved.”
The PKK’s decision to disband positively impacted the Turkish economy. According to Reuters, the BIST 100 index gained over 3%. The Turkish lira also appreciated by 1.3% against the Euro, and an increase was observed in international bonds.
The PKK’s decision to disband is viewed as the beginning of a new era in Türkiye and the region. However, the future trajectory of the process and its ultimate success remain uncertain.
Diplomacy
CSTO strips Armenia of voting rights over two-year budget debt
Members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) have stripped Armenia of its voting rights and its ability to appoint representatives to official positions due to a two-year debt to the organization’s budget.
Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, “This decision was taken based on the organization’s charter due to Armenia’s failure to fulfil its obligations for several years.”
Prior to the CSTO leaders’ summit in Moscow, Peskov had stated that member states would “react” to the Caucasus country’s non-participation in the organization’s activities.
Ahead of the Moscow summit, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said his country’s “interest has run out” regarding the CSTO. Through his press spokesperson, he announced that he would travel to Türkiye on 11 November to attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) instead of going to Russia.
The CSTO leaders’ meeting was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
The leaders jointly took the decision to revoke Armenia’s voting rights.
At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants also signed a joint declaration.
The declaration stated: “We confirm our unconditional commitment to the goals set out in the CSTO treaty and charter towards creating favourable and stable conditions for the comprehensive development of member states.”
Pashinyan had frozen Yerevan’s de facto participation in the CSTO in February 2024, citing the organization’s failure to aid the Armenian side during the armed clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023.
Having referred to the CSTO as a “soap-bubble alliance” since that time, Pashinyan accused the organization’s members of “planning war” together with Baku. He stated that Armenia would not return to active work within the alliance at least “over the next five years”, adding that he would welcome it if the country were expelled from membership.
Relations between Armenia and Russia grew tense once again in the spring of 2026, after Yerevan moved closer to the European Union (EU) and the Kremlin responded with a trade war.
In May, Pashinyan refused to travel to Moscow to attend the Victory Day parade and declared that he did not support Russia on the Ukraine issue.
In response, Putin called on Yerevan to determine its foreign policy course through a referendum, advising Armenian authorities not to forget the fate of Ukraine.
Diplomacy
US urges Russia to draft proposals for new European security pact
The US administration has reportedly called on Russia to submit proposals for a prospective security treaty with Europe that would include measures to ease tensions between European nations and Moscow.
According to a report by news site Axios citing sources familiar with the matter, the US side conveyed the request during trilateral negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.
During the talks, US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner suggested that the Russian delegation prepare a fresh proposal outlining its security concerns and demands.
The US delegation reportedly asked that this proposal clarify what kind of “symmetrical steps” Moscow is prepared to take to de-escalate tensions and “provide non-aggression guarantees to Europe”.
Another source familiar with the White House’s approach said the Trump administration aims to run the processes for a new European security architecture and a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine simultaneously.
Under this plan, the actual implementation of the security understandings would take effect only after the signing of an accord ending the conflict in Ukraine.
Assessing the approach to the process, the source said: “[Ukrainian President Volodymyr] Zelenskyy will not agree to any compromise without knowing what will happen next regarding security guarantees. Putin also wants to see the exact same picture clearly. This is precisely why the security portfolio is so decisive.”
The same official noted that the US will not reach a security agreement with Russia without the support of Europe and Ukraine, adding that Washington will not grant Moscow veto power over European security decisions.
Vladimir Medinsky, aide to the Russian president and head of the delegation in the Ukraine negotiations, previously stated that the fundamental objective was building a comprehensive new security system in Europe.
Medinsky noted that the structure in question must take on the character of “a fair, new, modern Yalta and Potsdam that carries the spirit of Helsinki 1975 and responds to contemporary realities”.
The Russian official argued that if such a system were established, peace lasting for decades, or even centuries, could be secured in Europe.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also announced that Moscow possesses its own position paper on how a new security architecture in Eurasia should take shape.
Lavrov stated that Russia hopes the Washington administration will “maintain its determination to pursue dialogue aimed at achieving an honest balance of interests where nobody’s security is impaired”.
Russian authorities have repeatedly stated that the country has no intention of attacking Europe.
Pointing out that they have no reason to fight NATO countries, Russian President Vladimir Putin previously said: “We have no interest whatsoever, neither geopolitical nor economic, political nor military.”
In a statement in October, Putin said Russia has no plans to attack anyone “in 2029, in 2030, or in the year 2050”.
On the other hand, Putin claimed that “all NATO countries are fighting Russia” and stated that the Russian military is currently the most combat-ready armed force in the world.
Following the contacts in Abu Dhabi, Kushner announced that he and Witkoff would travel to Moscow.
Explaining that they plan to meet Putin during the visit to discuss European participation in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict, Kushner argued that the parties could make “far greater progress” if the Russian leader consents to such involvement.
Yury Ushakov, aide to the Russian president, stated that the US special envoys will arrive in Moscow on 12 November, with the planned meeting with the Russian president scheduled for the first half of the day.
Diplomacy
Vance leads indirect push for US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks
US Vice-President JD Vance has been personally involved over the past two weeks in indirect talks with Iran aimed at securing a fresh ceasefire and restarting nuclear negotiations.
According to Axios, Vance’s intense engagement indicates that he has taken it upon himself to extract the US from the conflict, which he views as responsible for the Republican Party’s shocking losses in this week’s elections.
This elevates the latest round of indirect talks to the highest echelons of the administration.
US officials and regional sources state that Trump is currently willing to let diplomatic efforts run their course to see whether any agreement is achievable.
Asked by reporters on Friday what his message was to Iran, Trump said, “We are talking to them.”
According to sources with direct knowledge of the matter, Vance speaks almost daily with Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, and other mediators regarding the negotiations with Iran.
White House envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, President Trump’s adviser and son-in-law, are also involved in the process.
Sources say Vance and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators have been discussing the possibility of holding a working-level technical meeting between the US and Iran in the coming days, though this has not yet materialized.
Before the war began in late February, Vance was among the most sceptical voices in Trump’s inner circle on the issue, advocating instead for a diplomatic solution.
In April, he led the US negotiating delegation at the Iran summit held in Islamabad and was personally involved in the talks that yielded a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between the US and Iran in June.
Vance subsequently headed the US delegation during a series of direct talks with Iran in Switzerland.
Two weeks ago, Vance sent a letter to Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, proposing that direct negotiations resume.
Rezaei is one of the closest advisers to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei.
Iranian officials noted that Vance’s letter generated positive momentum toward restarting talks.
On Wednesday, Vance said the war was the primary reason for the Republicans’ repudiation at the polls.
Sources involved in mediation efforts report that while progress is being made, the process is moving very slowly.
On Friday evening, the prime minister of Qatar said, “Over the past few weeks, we worked with our colleagues in the US administration who have a sincere intention to contain the situation and de-escalate. Thanks to them and the voices of reason in Tehran, we prevented the situation from spinning out of control.”
The prime minister added that discussions with the Trump administration continued following the midterm elections, though they were not as active as in previous days “because there are other matters.”
Nevertheless, he noted that the US intention to find a diplomatic resolution “remains ongoing” and emphasized that an agreement is possible.
On Friday morning, Trump and the Emir of Qatar discussed Qatari efforts to bridge differences between the US and Iran as part of an accord.
According to a statement from his office, Sheikh Tamim emphasized the necessity of “pursuing dialogue and diplomatic channels to resolve differences, prevent the region from facing further escalation, and ensure freedom of maritime navigation as well as the security of energy supplies.”
Separately, Trump confirmed on Friday that the US military conducted a strike on an anti-aircraft missile launcher on Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz after it fired a missile at a US fighter jet.
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