Europe
Meloni government implicated in spyware scandal, claims victory in referendum failure
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni experienced a significant setback followed by a major victory within the span of a week.
The setback originated from a parliamentary inquiry into the Israeli spyware, Graphite. The parliamentary committee confirmed that the government had utilized this spyware, developed by the offensive cyber company Paragon, to hack the smartphones of several activists working with migrants.
The committee verified that Paragon supplied Graphite to two Italian institutions, including the country’s foreign intelligence service, starting in 2023. According to the report, the version of Graphite provided did not include the capability to activate a phone’s microphone or camera. Instead, it allowed operators to access encrypted communications on the hacked devices.
The report also confirmed that Graphite exploited a vulnerability in WhatsApp, which Meta detected and fixed in December 2024, just one month before the spyware’s activities were publicly disclosed. A recent report on Israeli television revealed that the discovery of this vulnerability caused panic within Unit 8200, Israel’s military intelligence unit.
Government’s use of Israeli spyware confirmed
The Italian committee also confirmed Meta’s claim that the phones of several activists involved in migrant rights in Italy had been hacked. These activists included Luca Casarini, Giuseppe Caccia, and David Yambio. However, in Yambio’s case, the hacking was carried out by another, unnamed spyware, not Graphite.
According to the committee’s final report, the phone of investigative journalist Francesco Cancellato, known for his criticism of the country’s ruling party, was not hacked by Italian intelligence agencies. The report stated that these activists were legally monitored and that the use of spyware against them was coordinated with the relevant legal authorities in Italy.
Nevertheless, the committee recommended improving the oversight mechanisms that regulate the use of spyware in the country. It also emphasized that Casarini and Caccia were targeted in operations initiated by previous governments before Giorgia Meloni came to power.
Israeli company halts Italian intelligence access
Paragon developed the Graphite spyware, which has been sold to intelligence and law enforcement agencies in Israel, Europe, the US, and Singapore. In January, WhatsApp announced it had detected that approximately 100 user accounts were hacked using Paragon’s spyware.
The list of potential targets included civil society activists and an Italian investigative journalist who had exposed links between Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party and neo-fascist movements.
Unlike Israel’s more famous spyware manufacturer, NSO, Paragon promotes itself as a “clean and responsible” company committed to human rights. This was the first time it faced backlash over allegations of misuse of its spyware, which allows states to access encrypted devices.
After Meta announced the WhatsApp hack, Paragon cut off the Italian intelligence agency’s access to its systems until the results of the ongoing parliamentary commission inquiry in Rome were released. According to a recent report by the Israeli television program Zman Emet (Real Time), Italian officials were so angered by Paragon’s decision that the Italian prime minister reportedly called Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to demand an explanation.
Referendum boycott proves effective
Italy’s attempt to repeal significant labor and citizenship laws through five national referendums failed due to low turnout, which remained at 30%. This participation rate was well below the 50% required for the results to be valid.
According to the Italian Ministry of the Interior, approximately 30% of eligible voters participated in the two-day referendum, which aimed, among other things, to halve the time migrants must live in Italy before they can apply for citizenship.
Although polling was open on Sunday and Monday (June 8-9) until 3:00 PM, turnout never approached the constitutional threshold. The referendums—four concerning the protection of workers’ rights and one on reducing the residency requirement for non-EU citizens applying for Italian citizenship from 10 to 5 years—were declared invalid due to insufficient participation.
The referendum, supported by the left-wing opposition and activist groups, sought to repeal a 1992 law that had increased the residency requirement for non-EU foreigners from 5 to 10 years. Had the referendum succeeded, 2.5 million foreign migrants who have lived in Italy for five years or more would have been immediately eligible to apply for citizenship.
Among those who did vote, support for the “Yes” campaign was overwhelming: about 80% supported the changes to labor laws, while approximately 65% backed the citizenship proposal. However, because the quorum was not met, the results have no legal standing.
The referendum campaign began amid heated debates following Italy’s Olympic gold medal win last year with a women’s volleyball team composed of daughters of African immigrants.
Opposition blames government as ruling party declares victory
The opposition parties, which largely supported the referendums, accused the government of deliberately suppressing turnout by calling for a boycott, thereby discouraging voters from going to the polls. Forza Italia was particularly active in this tactic, drawing criticism for a social media post urging voters to “go to the beach” instead of the ballot box.
As soon as the failure was certain, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party, Fratelli d’Italia (Brothers of Italy), went on the offensive. The party shared an image of opposition leaders with the caption “You lost,” claiming the referendums were a veiled attempt to weaken the government.
Government officials framed the result as a broader endorsement of the status quo. Deputy Prime Minister Giovanbattista Fazzolari stated, “The opposition tried to turn the five referendums into a vote against the Meloni government. The result is clear: the government has emerged stronger, and the left weaker.”
Once it became clear the referendum would not reach a quorum, Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini announced that his Lega party would push for stricter laws to make naturalization even more difficult. “Citizenship is not a gift,” Salvini said in a statement. “We want stricter and tougher rules to become an Italian citizen. A few more years of residence is not enough.”
In response, Pina Picierno, a Democratic Party deputy and Vice President of the European Parliament, described the outcome as a “deep, serious, and avoidable defeat.” She warned her own side against “political myopia,” adding, “Outside our bubble, there is a country that wants a future, not a settling of old scores.”
Italy’s state broadcaster, Rai, and other mainstream media outlets and newspapers almost completely censored coverage of the referendum. On the Sunday of the vote, the national newspaper headlines barely mentioned it.
Calls for reform from both sides
While the vote exposed Italy’s deep-seated political divisions, it also revealed a rare point of consensus: the current referendum system is facing increasing criticism. Representatives from both the government and the opposition have openly called for its reform, albeit for very different reasons.
Antonio Tajani, leader of Forza Italia and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, argued that issues put to a referendum should require more signatures and questioned the cost of the current system. “Perhaps the time has come to revise the law,” Tajani said. “Considering the money spent, for example, on the hundreds of thousands, even millions, of ballots sent abroad and returned blank, the signature threshold may need to be raised.”
These remarks drew sharp criticism from referendum supporters. Riccardo Magi, leader of +Europa and chairman of the citizenship referendum committee, called Tajani’s comments “literally shameful,” noting that the government showed no concern for the “much more expensive and scandal-ridden detention centers in Albania.”
“It is dangerous to play with public disillusionment,” Magi warned, announcing he would propose a constitutional amendment to abolish the turnout requirement.
Europe
Mutual accusations of blackmail and assault overshadow AfD state election congress in Germany
The Alternative for Germany (AfD) state congress in North Rhine-Westphalia ended in chaos on Sunday.
During the selection of the 22nd position on the candidate list for next year’s state elections, delegates aligned with the far-right Bundestag member Matthias Helferich proposed more than 100 candidates. This move was reportedly designed to block the vote in the town of Marl, halting progress on the list to force negotiations for subsequent positions.
Earlier in the candidate selection process, supporters of State Co-Chairman and lead candidate Martin Vincentz, who represents the moderate wing of the party, had prevailed. The defeat of Zacharias Schalley—a figure close to Helferich—by a candidate from the Vincentz camp triggered significant discontent within the radical wing of the party. Representing approximately 40% of the delegates, Helferich’s supporters reportedly demanded strong representation in the next state parliamentary group.
During the congress, Helferich claimed that Bundestag member Knuth Meyer-Soltau, a member of the Vincentz camp, physically assaulted him. Speaking to the newspaper WELT on Sunday, the 37-year-old Helferich described the incident:
“Meyer-Soltau was passing by the row where I was sitting. He was arguing with another member. When he turned back, while I was sitting in my chair, he shouldered me and shouted, ‘Shut up, you idiot!'”
Helferich added: “I do not know if he wanted to knock me out of my chair. However, because he insulted me in anger, I cannot rule out the possibility that this was a deliberate attack.”
An email exchange sent to the federal executive board and state management revealed that Helferich filed a criminal complaint on Monday.
“Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my body, either intentionally or through negligence”
In the complaint filed by Helferich, he stated: “Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my upper body hard, either intentionally or through negligence; I was only able to avoid falling by holding onto the edge of the table.” The complaint also named two witnesses.
In his letter to the party leadership, Helferich wrote: “Since numerous similar incidents of electoral law significance occurred at the state election congress, I believe the duty to maintain party order falls to the Federal Executive Board.”
Meyer-Soltau, a 61-year-old lawyer like Helferich, denied the allegations. Speaking to WELT on Sunday, the lawmaker said: “I reject the accusation being made.”
Meyer-Soltau suggested that Helferich viewed him as a powerful opponent because he had previously acted as the negotiator for the state executive board in the party’s expulsion proceedings against Helferich before the Federal Arbitration Court. The party court recently rejected the expulsion request.
“It is clear that this situation has not had a positive impact on our relationship,” Meyer-Soltau said. “Mr. Helferich, having suffered a heavy defeat at the nomination meeting, is clearly seeking satisfaction through other means. I will hand the matter over to my lawyer and take legal action.”
A letter sent to Helferich by Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer, which was leaked to the press, stated: “My client has never insulted you or physically assaulted you.” The letter demanded that Helferich cease repeating the claim and sign a cease-and-desist declaration carrying a contractual penalty.
Additionally, Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer filed a criminal complaint with the Dortmund Prosecutor’s Office for defamation. The petition submitted to the prosecutor’s office stated: “The accusation of physical assault is highly defamatory, calculated to permanently damage my client’s public reputation, and socially discredit him.”
Allegations of blackmail made against delegates at the congress
Allegations of threats against delegates also emerged at the state congress in Marl. Helferich ran against Klaus Esser, a close associate of Vincentz, for the 13th position on the candidate list. Esser, who needed just one vote to be elected in the first round, only secured a majority in the second round of voting.
Following the announcement of the results, a delegate took the stage to claim that before the second round, a state executive board member from the Vincentz camp went to the rows of the Wuppertal district association and threatened that a state lawmaker from Wuppertal would be expelled from the parliamentary group if the necessary votes for Esser were not delivered. The delegate announced that a complaint would be filed regarding the matter.
A spokesperson for AfD Co-Leader Alice Weidel told the media outlet “The Pioneer”: “Weidel does not approve of this situation. Such things must not happen.”
Other allegations of threats were voiced through the hall microphones during the congress. One delegate claimed that a candidate had been threatened by a district councilor and a district chairman.
“He was told that if he did not withdraw his candidacy, he would have no future in this party. There are numerous witnesses who can confirm this,” the delegate asserted.
Another delegate reported that a young woman was pressured by a district chairman who asked whether she would “lend herself to this game and submit to blackmail,” warning her that the situation would have “consequences for her in the district association.”
Marco Vogt, the Deputy Chairman of the Düsseldorf AfD and an ally of Helferich, said during his candidacy speech that young members who participated in the list disruptions had been threatened by their employers present in the hall.
Another candidate, a municipal councilor from Würselen, stated that a district administrator from the Aachen region had issued an implicit threat, telling him he would make many enemies in his own association if he did not withdraw his candidacy.
Candidate Leon Biallawons directly targeted lawmaker Knuth Meyer-Soltau, saying: “I tell you clearly, dear Knuth, I will not allow myself to be threatened by you. Because, dear Knuth, it is not you but the grassroots who will decide who succeeds in this party, and the grassroots will assert their will in the long term.”
Meyer-Soltau declined to comment on these allegations, stating: “I do not wish to comment on such baseless claims.”
Other tactics were used to slow down the proceedings at Sunday’s congress. One delegate requested a 30-minute recess because “there is an ice cream truck outside,” though this request was rejected. The convention manager, Julian Flak, was heard calling out to a delegate: “Take that garden furniture outside immediately!”
A message shared on Saturday in a chat group close to Vincentz stated that the “self-proclaimed patriotic group” had threatened to completely block the congress. It was alleged that the core group led by Helferich planned to deliberately disrupt the flow of the congress to force their opponents to the negotiating table.
Weidel accused of undermining efforts in chat group
On Sunday, in the same chat group, it was written that the sabotage action was being coordinated by Federal Deputy Chairman Sven Tritschler and Helferich. The message claimed that Tritschler had discussed the move with “his boss Alice Merkel”—a reference to AfD leader Alice Weidel. “This is a clear operation of attrition. We will not bow to an Alice Merkel,” the message read.
By Monday night, the ballot for the 22nd list position contained the names of 81 candidates. Some individuals who announced their candidacies withdrew before speaking. The results are expected to be announced next weekend.
The North Rhine-Westphalia AfD association has allocated a total of four weekends for candidate selection meetings. With the party projected by public opinion polls to win between 30 and 40 seats in the state parliament, competition for the top spots on the list remains intense.
An article titled “AfD-NRW Grassroots Resist Cartel Partyization,” published Monday on a Telegram channel close to Helferich, described the events as a “heroic act” and an “impressive reaction of an alert, idealistic grassroots.” The mass candidacy process was characterized as a “combination of Carl Schmitt’s partisan theory with a democratic liberation move unprecedented in AfD history.”
The article argued that if lead candidate Vincentz wants to translate polling success into a strong election result, he must unify the party by granting Helferich’s supporters viable, electable positions on the list.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
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