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Herat Security Dialogue discusses ways to overcome political uncertainty in Afghanistan

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The 11th Herat Security Dialogue (HSD-XI) unfolded in Dushanbe, Tajikistan on 27-28 of November with the participation of over 120 people from 20 countries, including international organizations and representatives of various political groups and former republic government officials.

The HSD-XI held under the theme “Reimagining Afghanistan, Ways Forward”, concluded with the participants deliberating on various aspects, including the future of Afghanistan and the world’s community engagement with Afghanistan in their two-day session and several panel discussions.

The panelist discussed key issues related to Afghanistan, including gender apartheid, the rise of extremism and fundamentalism, and pushed for the support for political forces opposing the Taliban aimed at establishing an inclusive government acceptable for all.

The conference also shed light on various other important issues such as opening the way for a dialogue between politicians in exile and the Taliban, fight against terrorism, practical efforts to stop drug trafficking, good ties with the neighboring countries as well as having a society to honor the fundamental rights of girls and women.

The organizer of the conference, the Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies (AISS) had said that representatives from the United Nations, the European Union, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization had also participated in the conference and merely played a role of observers.

Key officials from past government and foreign representatives participated in the HSD, discussing ways for a peaceful Afghanistan

During the first day of the conference, officials from the past government, opposition political figures, analysts and experts had discussed in detail the situation in Afghanistan and the focus was on the nature of interactions with the Taliban, who according to them, yet to agree for an intra-Afghan dialogue.

Head of AISS, Davood Moradian, said that this year’s discussions were solely focused on the future of Afghanistan with the Taliban as part of a solution or not. He said that what will happen if the Taliban doesn’t agree for a dialogue in order to form an inclusive government and if not, what steps should be taken in this regard.

Former Afghan Minister, Ismail Khan and a number of officials, including Afghan ambassador to Tajikistan

In his opening speech, Dr. Rangin Dadfar Spanta, former Afghan foreign minister, said that Taliban took power in August 2021 due to the inefficiency of the republic government.

Spanta expressed his dissent on the report prepared by the UN Special Coordinator Feridun Sinirlioglu, saying that Feridun has tried to present a favorable image of the Taliban in the report.

Afghan leader, Ismail Khan called on international community to pressurize the Taliban in a bid to agree on intra-Afghan talks  

“There was no need to whitewash the Taliban in the report,” Spanta added. Meanwhile, Shukria Barakzai, Afghanistan’s former envoy in Norway had questioned the UN’s dual stance, asking UN how it’s good for this organization to ask for a type of engagement or recognition of the Taliban when the Taliban doesn’t observe human rights, especially the rights of women and girls.

Chief guest, Ismail Khan, former Jihadi leader, had called on the international community to put pressure on the Taliban in order to make them agree on an opportunity for an intra-Afghan talk.

Expressing concern over world’s growing weary of the Taliban, Khan said that the current policy of Taliban will further strengthen the strongholds of resistance.

In August 2021, Khan announced war against the Taliban, but he was captured by the Taliban fighters and later on he was released and sought refuge in Iran. Now after two years, he appeared in the media once again and spoke against the Taliban. During his speech, he said that not only Iran, but the entire world has become fed up with the policy of the Taliban.

However, Karim Amin, a member of the leadership of the Hezb-e-Islami party led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, had somehow supported the report made by the Sinirlioglu. He said that Mr. Feridon Sinirlioglu has travelled to 15 provinces during his three months stay in Afghanistan and also met with the representatives of 17 provinces and also carried out talks with the three hundred people inside and outside of Afghanistan.

UK to envoy called on the world to reengage in Afghanistan

However, the former UK ambassador to Afghanistan, Nicholas Kay has put weight behind Sinirlioglu’s report and emphasized the need for the international community to support his’s UN-mandated assessment.

Afrasiab Khattak, a former Pakistani senator spoke about the mass deportation of Afghan migrants from Pakistan and said that this is the “policy of Pakistani generals” aimed at putting pressure on the people of Afghanistan. He said that these mass expulsions will end in instability in the region because when these people go to Afghanistan they won’t find any job and possibly be recruited by the Daes and TTP and other terrorist groups.

Panelist discussing Afghanistan issues.

Another participant, Abdullah Rahnama, A Tajik writer, has welcomed all the participants, especially the Afghans, labeling Tajikistan as their second home. Rahnama also expressed his grief over the recent earthquake in Herat province in which hundreds of people died, many more wounded and thousands of families became displaced.

Emphasized made upon a balanced international engagement for a peaceful a secure Afghanistan

In another discussion, Said Tayeb Jawad, former Afghan ambassador to Russia, has called for a pragmatic approach to Afghanistan’s issues, and called for a balanced international engagement and regional cooperation for a peaceful and secure future of Afghanistan.

In the same panel, Ashita Mittal, representative of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in Uzbekistan, has called for a regional consensus on combating drug trafficking.  She said that there is a need for further strengthening the borders due to increase in drug trafficking and illegal financial flows.

In another round of discussion, Shah Mahmood Miakhel, former Afghan defense minister, said that the Afghan politicians in exile have failed to design a unify strategy to combat extremism in the last two years.

At the end of the session, Davood Moradain, head of AISS, expressed gratitude for Tajikistan’s support for the people of Afghanistan. He said that after the collapse of the republic system, the world has left Afghanistan but the Tajikistan government didn’t leave Afghanistan and always stand ready to support the Afghan people.

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Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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