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In one word, who was Ismail Haniyeh?

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Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh was assassinated in the early hours of Wednesday morning in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. His death has earned widespread reactions and condemnations from the leaders of across the world, especially the region. His death has already raised fear of wider escalation in a region that is already destabilized by Israel’s war in Gaza and worsening conflict in Lebanon.

Iranian state television confirmed that Haniyeh had died as a result of a terrorist attack on his residency in Tehran, but no more details were given in the circumstances of the incident. Haniyeh along with other senior members of Hamas visited Iran on Tuesday to participate in the inauguration ceremony of the new president of Iran, Masoud Pezeshkian.

As the political leader of Hamas, he was instrumental in the group’s high-risk negotiations and diplomacy, including the cease-fire negotiations with Israel.

A glance on Ismail Haniyeh’s political activities

In 2006, Haniyeh was appointed as the leader of Hamas in Gaza. That year, he served briefly as prime minister of a Palestinian unity government that collapsed after months of tension that included armed conflict between Palestinian factions.

Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh (center) at the inauguration of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian in Tehran, Iran, on July 30, a day before his assassination. AP

In 2017, he was elected as the leader of the political bureau of Hamas. In recent years, Haniyeh led Hamas from Qatar and Turkey. He was among the negotiators in the ongoing talks between Israel and Hamas, mediated by Egypt, Qatar and the United States to end the Gaza war in exchange for hostages taken in Hamas’ attack on Israel.

How Haniyeh reached the power

Haniyeh was born in 1962 in a refugee camp in the north of Gaza city, following his parents’ displacement from their home in present-day Israel to Ashkelon in 1948.

He was educated in schools run by the main UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) and studied Arabic literature at the Islamic University of Gaza.

He was arrested by the Israeli army and was imprisoned several times in Israeli prisons in the 1980s and 1990s.

His rise to power in Gaza was aided by his mentor, the spiritual leader and founder of Hamas, Sheikh Yassin.  Haniyeh was serving as Yassin’s personal secretary and both were the target of the Israeli assassination attempt in 2003. The following year, Yassin was killed by the Israeli army.

“You don’t have to cry,” Haniyeh told a crowd gathered outside the Shafa hospital in Gaza City who came there at that time to mourn the loss of Yassin. “You have to be steadfast and ready for revenge,” Haniyeh told the gathering.

Haniyeh lost almost entire family members in war against Israel

It has not been an easy journey for Haniyeh in the course of his struggle for freedom of Palestine against Israeli occupation. In June, Haniyeh’s sister and her family were killed in an Israeli army raid on his home in Gaza. In April, three of Haniyeh’s 13 sons were killed by Israeli forces in another military operation in Gaza. “We will not surrender and we are ready for sacrifices,” Haniyeh said at the time, noting that he had lost dozens of his family members in the war.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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ASIA

Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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ASIA

Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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