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EU and US pile on pressure for Gaza ceasefire

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In a first, EU leaders have called for a ceasefire in Gaza, while a US draft resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza linked to the release of all prisoners will be put to a vote in the UN Security Council today. Arab ministers met in Cairo with US Secretary of State Blinken, who is on a tour of the Middle East, to discuss the need for a ceasefire in Gaza, followed by a period of concrete action towards a two-state political solution. Blinken reportedly urged Qatar to threaten to expel Hamas from Doha if it did not agree to a prisoner exchange.

European Union (EU) leaders ended five months of deep divisions at the Middle East session of their summit in Brussels, adopting a joint statement on Gaza.

“The European Council calls for an immediate ‘humanitarian pause’ to allow for a durable ceasefire, the unconditional release of all prisoners and the delivery of humanitarian aid,” the statement said, expressing dismay at the unprecedented civilian casualties and critical humanitarian situation in Gaza.

“The European Council is deeply concerned about the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza and its disproportionate impact on the civilian population, in particular children, and the risk of imminent famine,” it said.

It stressed that full, rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza by all routes is essential for the large-scale delivery of life-saving assistance and essential services to the civilian population. “Urgent measures must be taken to prevent further population displacement and to provide safe shelter for the population to ensure that civilians are protected at all times,” the statement said.

Call to refrain from attacks on Rafah

The statement called on Israel to refrain from ground attacks that would worsen the already dire humanitarian situation in Rafah and prevent the delivery of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian aid.

Stressing the importance of respecting and implementing the legally binding decision of the International Court of Justice of 26 January, the statement said that violations of international humanitarian law must be thoroughly and independently investigated and accountability ensured.

The statement noted the vital role of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

West Bank and East Jerusalem

“The EU calls for an immediate end to violence in the West Bank and East Jerusalem and for safe access to holy sites. The European Council strongly condemns the violence perpetrated by extremist settlers”.

It condemned Israel’s decision to further expand illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank and called for this decision to be reversed.

On the other hand, Arab ministers conveyed their views on the ceasefire and political solution in Gaza to US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who visited Egypt as part of his Middle East tour.

According to a written statement issued by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Blinken met in Cairo with Egyptian Foreign Minister Samih Shukri, Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan, Qatari Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdurrahman, Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman al-Safedi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) Minister of State for International Cooperation Affairs Rim al-Hashemi, and Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) Executive Committee Secretary-General Hussein al-Sheikh.

During the meeting, the crisis in Gaza and efforts to reach a ceasefire were discussed, and the rejection of attempts to liquidate the Palestinian issue or force the Palestinians to emigrate and the attack on Rafah were stressed. They also stressed the inevitability of a two-state solution and the establishment of a Palestinian state. The Arab ministers told Blinken that a ceasefire must be achieved in Gaza, followed by a phase of concrete actions aimed at a political solution through the two-state formula.

The meeting agreed to convene an urgent meeting of experts from the participating countries in the coming days to identify concrete and coordinated steps to resolve the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

On the other hand, according to CNN, US officials said that Blinken sent a message to Hamas that it risked being expelled from Doha, where its senior members are based, unless it agreed to a hostage swap and a ceasefire deal to end the conflict in Gaza.

The message was delivered by Blinken to Qatari Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdurrahman Al Thani at a meeting in Washington on 5 March, officials said.

US officials said Qatar, which has played a mediating role with Washington in efforts to reach a ceasefire agreement, “understood the message and showed no major reaction”.

It was not known whether Qatari officials had relayed the warning to Hamas leaders.

The US, Qatar and Egypt are mediating a prisoner swap and ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel.

US draft resolution to be voted on at UNSC

The UN Security Council (UNSC) is scheduled to vote today on a draft resolution that the US has been negotiating for some time.

The draft resolution, seen by AA, condemns all forms of terrorism and commends the initiatives taken by Egypt and Qatar.

Noting the importance of turning the ceasefire into a sustainable one, the draft resolution states that “Hamas and other terrorist and extremist groups do not represent the Palestinian people” and that Hamas “has been declared a terrorist organisation by some member states”.

Stressing that Gaza is part of the territories occupied in 1967, the draft resolution supports a two-state solution.

“It is important to achieve an immediate and durable ceasefire in order to protect civilians on all sides, to provide necessary humanitarian assistance, to alleviate suffering and to ensure that this ceasefire is accompanied by the release of all remaining prisoners,” the draft resolution says.

Noting that the ceasefire should be seen as an opportunity to create conditions for a more sustainable cessation of hostilities, the draft resolution calls for intensified diplomatic efforts in this direction.

The draft resolution calls on all parties to abide by international law and humanitarian law, and calls for the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure and the provision of humanitarian access.

The draft resolution opposes the forcible transfer of civilians in Gaza, stating that this would violate international law, international humanitarian law and international human rights law.

Elected members of the UN Security Council also prepare draft resolution

The 10 elected members of the UN Security Council are also preparing a draft resolution on the situation in Gaza.

The text, known as the “E-10” draft resolution, calls for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza during Ramadan. The draft resolution, which calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all prisoners, also calls for the distribution of humanitarian aid should be increased and obstacles removed.

On the other hand, France, which has been convening the UN Security Council for two weeks in a closed session on Gaza, is also preparing a draft resolution.

It is said that the French draft resolution will focus on a permanent ceasefire.

Negotiations continue in Doha

Meanwhile, an Israeli delegation led by Mossad chief David Barnea will travel today to Qatar, where negotiations on a prisoner swap between Hamas and Israel are continuing.

According to a statement released by the Israeli Prime Minister’s Press Office, the Israeli delegation led by Barnea, who was authorised to travel to Doha by Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, will meet with CIA Director William (Bill) Burns, Qatari Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdurrahman Al Thani and Egyptian intelligence chief Abbas Kamil to discuss the release of prisoners.

It is noteworthy that the visit coincides with the arrival of US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Israel tomorrow after his visits to Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

The Israeli delegation led by Barnea went to Doha, the capital of Qatar, on 18 March for a new round of negotiations on the release of the prisoners.

The Israeli press announced that the prisoner exchange negotiations between Hamas and Tel Aviv officially started with the arrival of the Israeli delegation led by the head of Mossad in Doha.

The Israeli delegation was said to include Nitzan Alon, who was abducted by the Israeli army and was in charge of the missing persons file.

The news on Israel’s Channel 12 television said that the negotiations could last for about two weeks.

The Israeli press reported that Mossad chief Barnea, who headed the Tel Aviv delegation, returned to his country on 19 March and met with the government and war cabinet the following day.

Middle East

Israel military weighs legal steps against Gaza documentary makers

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Israel’s Chief of General Staff, Eyal Zamir, has instructed officials to examine criminal and legal steps against the production team of the documentary “NAZA”, which focuses on testimonies from soldiers and intelligence personnel who served in Gaza operations.

While Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu targeted the production, describing it as “unacceptable”, more than 200 Israeli filmmakers published a joint statement backing the directors.

Maintaining that the documentary slandered the military, Chief of General Staff Zamir asserted that the work had no intention of uncovering the truth.

“In light of the available data, this production is not a work that constructively criticises the military,” Zamir said. “On the contrary, it relies on blood libels, a deliberate distortion of the reality on the ground, and baseless accusations directed at our soldiers and commanders.”

Zamir further claimed that the military was presented as an entity acting unlawfully and that the arguments of anti-Israel circles were adapted for the film.

The Israeli military is establishing a new multidisciplinary, inter-agency working group involving domestic and international experts to counter such allegations.

Meanwhile, the military’s most senior legal official, Itai Ofir, is reviewing the legal procedures that could be initiated against the documentary’s producers.

The military leadership contends that the testimonies lack credibility because the identities, ranks, and operational details of the personnel interviewed in the film were concealed.

Rejecting the assertion that targets were selected by artificial intelligence, military officials stated that all strikes and target approvals were decided by human hands within the framework of military directives.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reacted to the production in a video message shared on Telegram.

“This situation is appalling,” Netanyahu said, voicing his reaction. “While resisting antisemitic incitement conducted globally, it is unacceptable for a similar approach to arise from within ourselves. Two Israeli directors presenting the Israeli military as war criminals are being applauded at the Venice Film Festival.”

The 80-minute production was awarded the Special Jury Prize at the 83rd Venice International Film Festival and received a 25-minute standing ovation in the auditorium at the end of the screening.

In reactions emerging from the cabinet, Minister of Culture and Sports Miki Zohar accused directors Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szor of “high treason”.

“The self-hatred displayed by these producers, who risk harming their own country to win the praise of antisemitic circles worldwide, is beyond comprehension,” Zohar said. Announcing that he would launch an initiative to revoke the directors’ citizenship, Zohar stated that direct accusations of treason could be brought against the individuals.

Far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir also addressed the directors, stating: “You are a source of shame for the entire people of Israel. Get out of here.” Under current Israeli legislation, the culture minister does not have the authority to unilaterally revoke citizenship; decisions in this direction can be made only as a result of legal processes involving the Ministry of Interior and judicial bodies.

Following the mounting backlash, more than 200 Israeli filmmakers, including Ari Folman, Shlomi Elkabetz, Ran Tal, and Michal Aviad, signed a joint declaration of solidarity. The text emphasised that “the primary duty of art and the profession of journalism is to hold up a mirror to the society from which it arises.”

Produced in partnership with The Guardian and JW Films, “NAZA” conveys testimonies from 24 military and intelligence personnel whose identities were kept concealed and who took part in surveillance, targeting, and air strike decisions in Gaza.

Deriving its name from a Hebrew military acronym that designates the number of civilians expected to lose their lives during an operation and corresponds to the concept of “collateral damage”, the film documents that targets were determined using artificial intelligence and mass surveillance networks.

Describing high-tech weaponry and AI-assisted targeting mechanisms, one interviewed soldier made the comparison: “Because everything runs on remote control, the process resembles a video game.”

Another soldier described the deaths on the ground as “unbelievably fun”.

Director Yuval Abraham said: “The intelligence personnel we interviewed stated that the mass deaths were not an accident, but on the contrary rested upon a designed and systematic choice.”

Abraham and Szor stated that the production did not scrutinise individual soldier violations, but directly examined the institutional chain of command and operational doctrines.

The two directors had previously made the Oscar-winning documentary “No Other Land”, which addressed the displacement of Palestinians and settler violence in the occupied West Bank, alongside Palestinian filmmakers Basel Adra and Hamdan Ballal.

While the Ministry of Health in Gaza announced that the number of Palestinians who have lost their lives in the attacks exceeded 73,700, the actual death toll is projected to be far above this figure due to destroyed healthcare infrastructure and casualties lost beneath the rubble.

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Saudi Arabia asks UK for military aid to counter Houthis in Yemen

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British Prime Minister Andy Burnham is considering responding to requests for military assistance directed at Yemen from the Saudi Arabian government.

According to sources speaking to Bloomberg, the prime minister has received various requests for diplomatic and military support from Saudi Arabia.

The sources stated that Saudi Arabia’s requests include providing operational support to its military to repel the advance of Ansarullah (the Houthis) along Yemen’s Red Sea coast towards the strategically vital Bab el-Mandeb Strait, as well as assistance in defending against attacks on oil infrastructure.

Under pressure to take action because of the economic difficulties generated by the war with Iran, Burnham is also concerned about creating the impression that he supports Donald Trump’s war against Iran, given that the UK public overwhelmingly opposes the war.

Reports had emerged that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman asked Donald Trump to conduct air strikes against the Yemeni resistance.

At present, the UK has approved the deployment of only British military advisers to Saudi Arabia.

This comes despite Saudi Arabia’s request for operational support to halt operations carried out by Yemeni forces along the coastline.

Former UK prime ministers Rishi Sunak and Keir Starmer had provided more comprehensive support to Saudi Arabia against the Yemeni resistance.

The prime minister was also warned by UK officials that the Bab el-Mandeb Strait is of vital importance to global maritime transport and the economy, and that the capture of this strait by the Houthis must be prevented.

Earlier on Monday, Bloomberg reported that Saudi Arabia was seeking to increase the volume of oil shipments transiting the Strait of Hormuz after shutting down its East-West crude pipeline.

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Saudi exportable crude stocks risk depletion within a week

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Saudi Arabia risks exhausting its exportable crude stockpiles if the East-West pipeline to the Red Sea fails to resume operations, according to reports.

Citing companies purchasing Saudi crude as well as market traders, the Reuters news agency reported that such an outcome could trigger a severe contraction in global oil supply.

Oil flows through the pipeline were halted following drone strikes. The government in Riyadh has not yet issued an official statement regarding the extent of the damage or the expected duration of repair works.

Sources familiar with the matter have offered differing estimates regarding the repair timetable.

One source speaking to Reuters noted that works could take five to six weeks, while another source stated that the damage could be repaired more quickly and that partial oil flows could be restored before repairs are entirely completed.

Stocks at Yanbu port reach critical threshold

Traversing the Arabian Peninsula to the Red Sea port of Yanbu, the pipeline carries approximately 4 million barrels of oil per day. This volume represents roughly 4% of global oil supply.

The line previously provided Saudi Arabia with an alternative export route, bypassing the Strait of Hormuz where maritime traffic has faced disruptions due to regional conflict in the Middle East.

Three sources closely tracking shipment schedules indicated that, following the stoppage, oil reserves at Yanbu port would suffice to sustain exports for only five to seven days.

A fourth source stated that additional reserves held in Egypt at the Red Sea port of Ain Sokhna and the Mediterranean terminal of Sidi Kerir afford buyers shipments for several more days.

Storage capacities stand at approximately 35 million barrels at Yanbu, 18 million barrels at Ain Sokhna, and 20 million barrels at Sidi Kerir.

However, sources stressed that these facilities are not currently filled to maximum capacity and warned that these inventories will be entirely depleted if the pipeline is not brought back online.

Output at lowest level in 30 years

According to International Energy Agency data, disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea transit corridors pushed Saudi oil supply in August to its lowest level in 30 years.

Data submitted by the Riyadh government to OPEC show that the kingdom’s crude production fell from 10.9 million barrels per day in February to 6.2 million barrels per day in August.

In July, the Houthis in Yemen announced the launch of a naval blockade against Saudi Arabia. On 8 September, the Saudi Ministry of Energy announced that operations had been suspended at several energy facilities in the southern part of the country.

On the same day, the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued an official statement condemning Houthi strikes targeting facilities in the cities of Abha, Khamis Mushait, Jizan, and Najran.

Riyadh authorities reported that 73 civilians, including women and children, were injured in the attacks. US President Donald Trump stated that Iran might be behind this attack on Saudi Arabia.

In oil markets, Brent crude futures recorded their sharpest single-day gain since late July on Thursday, 10 September.

The price of November Brent crude contracts rose by 6.3% to reach $107.6 per barrel. Prices retreated below the $105 mark the following day.

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