China’s military launched a missile into the Pacific Ocean from a nuclear-powered submarine on Monday, triggering expressions of concern and criticism from regional nations including Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

The nuclear-powered submarine, belonging to the People’s Liberation Army Navy, launched a missile carrying a dummy warhead into international waters in the Pacific at 12:01 p.m. (0401 GMT), the official Xinhua news agency reported.

The agency stated that the missile landed in “designated waters” but did not provide further details regarding the specific location.

Xinhua characterized the launch as a “routine arrangement” within China’s annual military training program, adding that the test was not directed at any specific country or target.

Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong said that Beijing had notified the Australian government of the planned test, but she nevertheless described the launch as “destabilizing” for the region.

Speaking at a press conference in Suva, the capital of Fiji, Wong argued that the test took place in a context where “China is rapidly building up its military, yet failing to offer the transparency and reassurance regarding its intentions that the region expects.”

The missile test occurred only hours after Australia and Fiji signed a major defense alliance on Monday. The agreement provides that if either party is attacked, the other will come to its assistance.

Beijing and Western powers, led by the US and Australia, have competed for influence in the strategically located island nations for years, with China seeking to expand its economic and security footprint across the South Pacific.

When asked about the defense pact, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning said China hoped the relevant countries would respect the independence and autonomy of the island states, and refrain from targeting third parties or harming their interests.

Test conducted hours after notification

New Zealand Foreign Minister Winston Peters declared that his country was deeply concerned by the test.

“Despite our long-standing concerns regarding such activities, it appears China conducted the test only hours after notifying us,” Peters said in a written statement.

“New Zealand views this as an unwelcome and concerning development. Like our neighbors in other Pacific nations, we have no interest in China using the South Pacific as a testing ground for missile capabilities,” he added.

The Japanese government announced that it had been notified of the missile launch and had called on China to reconsider the decision.

“We have expressed our serious concern regarding the increasing activities of the Chinese military,” Tokyo said in a statement. Japanese officials also noted that Chinese authorities had notified the Japan Coast Guard on Sunday regarding space debris that could fall within Japan’s exclusive economic zone.

The missile landed outside Japan’s exclusive economic zone, the Kyodo news agency reported on Monday, citing a Japanese government source.

Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara told a press conference that there had been no reports of damage to Japanese aircraft or vessels resulting from the test.

Responding to the criticism from the region, Mao said the launch was conducted “in a safe, compliant, and professional manner from start to finish.”

“We hope the relevant countries do not overinterpret the matter,” Mao said during a press conference in Beijing.

It is rare for China to launch long-range missiles into the sea. China last conducted an intercontinental ballistic missile test in 2024, a launch that demonstrated the country’s growing military capabilities.

The latest test comes at a time when the US and its allies have been increasing their military activities in the region to counter China. In response to these military exercises, China has also been stepping up its own military activities in the area, including joint exercises with Russia.

South Korea plans to develop a new semiconductor manufacturing hub in the southwestern region of the country through an 800 trillion won ($517.9 billion) corporate investment, which will establish four memory chip production facilities, Industry Minister Kim Jung-kwan announced on Monday.

Kim disclosed the investment plan, which aims to transform the Gwangju and Jeolla regions into the country’s second-largest semiconductor cluster alongside the existing hub in the Seoul metropolitan area, during a national investment briefing chaired by President Lee Jae Myung at Cheong Wa Dae.

“To meet the rising demand for semiconductors, relying solely on a single production base in the Seoul metropolitan area is no longer sufficient,” Kim said, noting that constraints on power and water resources under current plans limit further expansion.

The semiconductor investment is part of the government’s “three mega projects” initiative. This initiative envisions large-scale investments by chip giants such as Samsung Electronics Co. and SK hynix Inc., alongside other companies, in the fields of semiconductors, physical artificial intelligence, and AI data centers.

To meet the increasing packaging demand as chip production expands, the Chungcheong region will be transformed into an advanced semiconductor packaging hub with an 81 trillion won investment, Kim said. He added that the Daegu and North Gyeongsang regions will be developed as innovation hubs for semiconductor materials, components, and equipment.

Kim also stated that the government will assist companies in accelerating their semiconductor investments by bringing forward the construction schedule of the new manufacturing facilities by up to 12 years. Consequently, the construction of the plants will be moved to the mid-2030s instead of the mid-to-late 2040s.

To support this expansion, the government has committed to streamlining permitting and construction processes, as well as investing in critical infrastructure, including the supply of electricity and industrial water.

At the meeting, which was also attended by Samsung Electronics Chairman Lee Jae-yong and SK Group Chairman Chey Tae-won, Kim presented a plan for a 30 trillion won investment by the government and industry over the next 15 years to support the entire semiconductor value chain, from research and development and chip design to testing and manufacturing.

The ambitious industrial roadmap aims to transform the country from a global manufacturing powerhouse into a leading player in the era of artificial intelligence. At the core of the strategy are semiconductors, AI infrastructure, and physical AI.

Regarding the robotics sector, Kim said the government will develop the AI-powered robotics industry to strengthen South Korea’s manufacturing competitiveness amid intensifying global competition.

Kim warned that China has already begun mass-producing humanoid robots through regional manufacturing hubs, emphasizing that South Korea must accelerate the commercialization and mass production of its own humanoid robots.

“We must accelerate the foundation for mass production,” Kim said, adding that the government plans to generate early domestic demand by supplying humanoid robots in the fields of education, defense, and disaster response.

The initiative aims to increase South Korea’s share of the global humanoid robot market to 20% in the long term, up from just 1% last year.

As the third pillar of the strategy, the government announced an ambitious plan to expand the country’s AI data center infrastructure.

In collaboration with SK Group, GS Group, and portal operator Naver, the government plans to invest approximately 550 trillion won by 2029 to construct AI data centers with a total capacity of 8.4 gigawatts (GW). The total investment is expected to exceed 1,000 trillion won by 2035, expanding capacity to 18.4 GW.

To support this initiative, the government has pledged to secure sufficient power and industrial water supplies and to strengthen the energy infrastructure around existing semiconductor clusters.

US-based artificial intelligence startup Anthropic has accused Chinese technology giant Alibaba of using thousands of fake accounts to gain unauthorized access to its proprietary AI model, Claude.

According to reports by Bloomberg, the Financial Times, and Reuters, which cited an official letter sent by the company as well as informed sources, the allegations were formally communicated to US senators and White House officials.

In the letter, Anthropic asserted that activities conducted by operators linked to Alibaba targeted the most valuable capabilities of the Claude model, including its software development functionalities.

The company characterized the incident as the largest attempt to date by a Chinese firm to leverage pioneer US artificial intelligence technologies for its own benefit.

Twenty-nine million suspicious transactions in three months

According to data compiled by Anthropic, approximately 29 million transactions linked to the Claude model were executed through roughly 25,000 fake accounts between April and June.

The company noted that Alibaba and other China-based firms systematically exploit leading US technologies to develop their own chatbots.

In the letter, as reported by Bloomberg, Anthropic officials evaluated the process, stating:

“These attacks, carried out through distillation methods, were executed systematically and on an industrial scale to illegally copy advanced US AI technologies from leading laboratories, bypassing training and research-and-development costs to present them as their own products.”

The Financial Times pointed out that the distillation method is widely used in the technology sector to train cheaper and smaller versions of artificial intelligence models.

However, US officials are concerned that the use of this method by Chinese competitors to develop their own models could carry serious national security implications.

Call to Congress to close loopholes

According to the Financial Times report, Anthropic urged the US Congress to close legal loopholes that allow Chinese AI firms to access advanced US technologies, and to penalize the Chinese companies responsible for these cyber activities.

The company also stated that Alibaba pursued this activity brazenly, even after the White House issued a directive emphasizing the need to prevent intellectual property theft at artificial intelligence firms.

As reported by Reuters, Anthropic emphasized in its letter that it supports the Washington administration’s efforts to combat cyberattacks.

On June 13, Anthropic announced that the US government had mandated blocking access to its most advanced AI models, Fable 5 and Mythos 5, for all foreign users who are not US citizens.

Subsequently, David Sacks, a US investor and co-chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, explained that the decision was taken following the detection of possibilities that the built-in security mechanisms of the models could be bypassed.