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NATO final declaration targets China and Russia

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The final declaration of the NATO summit in Washington has been released.

While the summit, which marked the 75th anniversary of the Alliance, was full of meetings, the final declaration was dominated by the war in Ukraine and harsh words for China and Russia.

The declaration emphasised that NATO is a “defence alliance” and stressed that the Alliance’s three main missions are deterrence and defence, crisis prevention and management, and cooperative security.

“Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has disrupted peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region and seriously damaged global security,” NATO said, declaring that Russia “remains the most significant and immediate threat to the security of our Allies”.

“Conflict, fragility and instability in Africa and the Middle East directly affect our security and that of our partners,” the statement said, making no reference to Israel’s occupation of Gaza.

NATO accused Iran of affecting Euro-Atlantic security through “destabilising” actions and argued that “the stated objectives and coercive policies of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) continue to challenge NATO’s interests, security and values”.

“The deepening strategic partnership between Russia and the People’s Republic of China and their mutually reinforcing attempts to undermine and reshape the rules-based international order are of deep concern,” the declaration said.

NATO members said they could not rule out the possibility of an attack on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of allied countries and said they would continue to strengthen NATO’s deterrence and defence “against all threats and challenges, in all domains and in multiple strategic directions in the Euro-Atlantic area”.

Military coordination centre established in Ukraine

“We reaffirm our unwavering solidarity with the people of Ukraine in their heroic defence of their nation, their territory and our shared values,” NATO said in a statement. NATO has decided to establish NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine (NSATU) to coordinate the provision of military equipment and training to Ukraine by Allies and Partners.

NSATU, which will operate in allied countries, will “support Ukraine’s self-defence in accordance with the UN Charter”.

It will “not make NATO a party to the conflict, in accordance with international law” and will “support the transformation of Ukraine’s defence and security forces and ensure their further integration into NATO”.

The Allies argued that Ukraine’s future lies in NATO, and that Kiev is becoming increasingly interoperable and politically integrated with NATO.

While support for Ukraine’s NATO membership was reaffirmed, the condition of “meeting the conditions” was once again on the agenda.

Russia urged to withdraw from Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine

It also called on Russia to stop the war immediately and to withdraw all its forces from Ukraine completely and unconditionally in accordance with UN General Assembly resolutions.

“We also call on Russia to withdraw all forces deployed in Moldova and Georgia without their consent,” NATO said, declaring that it would never recognise Russia’s “illegal annexation” of Ukrainian territory, including Crimea.

Claiming that Russia is seeking to “fundamentally restructure” the Euro-Atlantic security architecture, NATO said: “The threat posed by Russia to NATO in all domains will persist over the long term. Russia is rebuilding and expanding its military capabilities, continuing its airspace violations and provocative activities,” NATO said.

NATO insisted it was not a threat to Russia and said it was ready to maintain channels of communication with Moscow to reduce risks and avoid escalation.

Warnings to Russia about Belarus, Iran and China

The NATO statement called on all countries not to support “Russian aggression” and condemned “all those who facilitate and prolong Russia’s war in Ukraine”.

“Belarus continues to facilitate this war by providing its territory and infrastructure,” NATO said, adding that Belarus’ deepening political and military integration with Russia “has negative consequences for regional stability and the defence of the Alliance”.

Arguing that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Iran were fuelling the war by providing direct military support to Russia, such as munitions and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), NATO said it “strongly condemns the DPRK’s export of artillery shells and ballistic missiles in violation of numerous United Nations Security Council resolutions” and noted “with great concern the deepening ties between North Korea and Russia”.

“Iran’s transfer of ballistic missiles and related technology to Russia would constitute a serious escalation,” the statement said.

China in the crosshairs

“This increases the threat Russia poses to its neighbours and to Euro-Atlantic security,” NATO said, arguing that China has become a “decisive supporter” of Russia in the Ukraine war.

“This includes the transfer of dual-use items such as weapons components, equipment and raw materials that are inputs for Russia’s defence sector,” NATO said, calling on China to cut off all financial and political support for Russia’s war effort.

Indo-Pacific pivot to continue

“The Indo-Pacific region is important to NATO because developments in the region have a direct impact on Euro-Atlantic security,” NATO said, announcing that it would meet with the leaders of Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea and the European Union to discuss “common security challenges and areas of cooperation”.

“We are strengthening dialogue to address cross-regional challenges and enhancing our practical cooperation, including pioneering projects in support of Ukraine, cyber defence, counter-disinformation and technology,” NATO said, stressing that it “welcomes” the continued contribution of NATO’s Asia-Pacific partners to Euro-Atlantic security.

Liaison office opened in Jordan

Describing the countries of the Middle East as “NATO’s southern neighbours”, the declaration invited the Secretary General to appoint a Special Representative for the Southern Neighbourhood to serve as NATO’s focal point in the region and to coordinate NATO’s efforts.

In this context, the Allies also announced that they had agreed to open a NATO Liaison Office in Amman with the Kingdom of Jordan.

“Building on the success of the NATO Mission in Iraq (NMI) and at the request of the Iraqi authorities, we have expanded our support to the Iraqi security institutions and will continue our engagement through the NMI,” NATO said.

DIPLOMACY

CK Hutchison shares fall after China criticizes Panama port sale

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Shares in Hong Kong-based conglomerate CK Hutchison fell 5% on Friday after China criticized the sale of its Panama Canal ports and suggested it should “think twice” about a $22.8 billion deal with US asset manager BlackRock.

A strongly worded commentary, which first appeared in Hong Kong’s Beijing-backed newspaper Ta Kung Pao and was reposted late Thursday by China’s top office in charge of the territory’s affairs, accused the US of using “despicable means” to pressure the deal.

The article stated, “[Critics] say this is a spineless, fawning, profit-seeking move that sells out integrity for personal gains and disregards national interests. [It is an act of betraying and selling out all the Chinese people].”

It emphasized that China’s maritime transport and trade would be hindered by the US and that CK Hutchison should “think twice” about “what position and side it should be on.”

Dan Baker, a senior equity analyst at Morningstar, said concerns over whether the deal would be completed after securing approval from the Trump administration were reflected in Friday’s share price decline, but that the move might be an “overreaction.”

“To the extent that the company still has assets in China, if the Chinese government is angry with them for making this sale, there is probably some potential investor concern about what might happen to their businesses that are still there,” Baker said.

Mainland China and Hong Kong accounted for about 14% of CK Hutchison’s 2023 revenues, while revenues from the UK and Europe accounted for about 50% of that.

CK Hutchison did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Its shares had risen more than 20% in Hong Kong when the deal was first announced last week.

At the time, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian declined to comment on the sale but denied Trump’s claims that China controlled the canal.

Under the agreement in principle, 43 ports owned by billionaire Li Ka-shing’s CK Hutchison company, located at both ends of the Panama Canal, will be sold to a consortium that includes BlackRock.

These ports include those in the UK and Germany, as well as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Mexico, and Australia.

According to the Financial Times, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink briefed senior officials from the Trump administration, including the President and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, to secure their support for the takeover.

The deal was planned a few days after Donald Trump took office. The President said in his inaugural speech: “The Panama Canal is operated by China… and we are taking it back.”

Li, who retired as chairman of CK Hutchison in 2018 and still serves as a senior advisor, was actively involved in the negotiations.

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China, Russia, Iran unite in call to end illegal sanctions

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China, Russia, and Iran, following trilateral talks in Beijing on Friday, called for an end to “illegal and unilateral sanctions” against Tehran, as well as “threats of force.”

In a joint statement released by Chinese state television CCTV, the three countries said that diplomatic engagement and dialogue based on “mutual respect” were the “only effective and viable option” to address the issue of Iran’s nuclear program.

“The three countries emphasized that relevant parties should be determined to eliminate the root causes of the current situation and abandon sanctions and pressure, as well as military threats,” the statement continued.

The statement did not explicitly mention the US, but the meeting followed Iran’s rejection of Donald Trump’s proposal to restart nuclear negotiations. Tehran said it was not fair to negotiate under conditions where Washington was implementing a policy of maximum pressure.

The meeting, chaired by Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu, was attended by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov and Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi.

During his first term as president, Trump withdrew the US from the international agreement under which Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of sanctions.

Last week, Trump proposed restarting negotiations in a letter to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, which was delivered by the United Arab Emirates. In an interview a day after the letter was delivered, he said that if Tehran did not want to negotiate, the US would have to “intervene militarily.”

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said that he would not negotiate under “threat” and would not submit to the “orders” of the US.

Friday’s meeting took place before a conference at the United Nations Security Council on the same day to discuss Iran’s growing uranium stockpile. Earlier this month, the International Atomic Energy Agency expressed new concerns about Iran’s uranium enrichment activities, stating that these activities were approaching weapons-grade levels.

In a joint press conference with his Russian and Iranian counterparts, Sergei Ryabkov and Kazem Gharibabadi, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu said: “We emphasized the importance of UN Security Council Resolution 2231 and its timeframe, and called on relevant parties to avoid actions that would escalate the situation and to jointly create a favorable atmosphere and conditions for diplomatic efforts.”

The resolution Ma referred to endorsed the nuclear agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which was also signed by China, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the European Union.

On Friday, both China and Russia welcomed Iran’s commitment to the Non-Proliferation Treaty and Tehran’s pledge not to pursue nuclear weapons. “They emphasized that Iran’s right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes as a party to the treaty should be fully respected,” the statement said.

The trio also held joint naval exercises in the Gulf of Oman last week to deepen military cooperation.

It was also noteworthy that the meeting was not held in Beijing. China, which aims to mediate in disputes in the Middle East, has previously mediated between Iran and Saudi Arabia, long-time adversaries, and brought together Palestinian organizations in Beijing at the beginning of the Gaza War.

Analysts say that China’s growing interest in the Middle East also reflects Beijing’s desire to diversify relations beyond economic partnerships. According to Jonathan Fulton of the Atlantic Council, some Middle Eastern countries see relations with China as a tool and even leverage to attract the attention of the US.

“Iran, of course, sees the West as an enemy and China’s support as crucial to navigating a challenging regional and international environment,” Fulton said in his recent report for the Washington-based think tank.

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Azerbaijan and Armenia finalize peace treaty after negotiations

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Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov announced that Azerbaijan and Armenia have reached a final agreement on a peace treaty, agreeing on all articles, and have completed the negotiation process.

According to the news agency APA, the final agreed-upon articles include that the parties will not make mutual claims in the international arena and will not have foreign observers at the border.

The Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs also confirmed the completion of the negotiations. In an official statement, the Ministry said, “The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia confirms that the draft ‘Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and Interstate Relations Between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan’ has been agreed upon. Therefore, the document is ready for signing.”

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan stated that the parties are ready to discuss the details regarding the date and place of the signing.

“We have our ideas, and so does Baku. We will try to bring them closer during the negotiations,” Pashinyan said.

According to Pashinyan’s statement, the agreements reached are a compromise that considers the interests of both parties.

The Prime Minister also emphasized that there are no secret clauses in the treaty text, stating, “The public is familiar with its main provisions, as they have been discussed for four years.”

The Prime Minister noted that since an agreement has been reached, Azerbaijan finds it beneficial for itself, and Armenia finds it acceptable for itself.

“This is what should be in any peace agreement,” he added.

Pashinyan stated that there were no negotiations with Baku regarding amendments to the Armenian Constitution.

However, Azerbaijan insists on changes to Armenia’s fundamental law, as it refers to the 1990 Declaration of Independence, which defines Nagorno-Karabakh as part of the country. Baku considers this a territorial claim.

Pashinyan had previously mentioned the need for constitutional reform, including the possibility of a referendum for a new fundamental law.

At the end of February, Pashinyan reported that the parties had agreed on 15 of the 17 articles of the agreement.

At that time, the main disagreements were related to the deployment of foreign troops along the border and cases pending in international courts.

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