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Brain Drain: 8 million people have left Afghanistan since 2020

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The United Nations have recently reported that 8 million people have left Afghanistan since 2020. The influx of refugees has mainly occurred after August 2021 following the return of the Taliban in power. The UN report has earned widespread reactions and a large number of citizens say that the worst economic situation in Afghanistan under the rule of Taliban has caused even those who have a better life to think of leaving the country.

These citizens say that the deprivation of women and girls from their basic rights, including education and work and the spread of poverty and unemployment are the main factors of Afghans leaving the country.

Out of nearly 8 million Afghan citizens that left their country since 2020, 85 percent of them have migrated to neighboring countries, mainly Iran, and another million have migrated to Europe.

According to the latest data of the International Organization for Migration, almost 70 percent of Afghan citizens have gone to Iran due to the lack of job opportunities in their country. It is also stated in the report that in 2023, nearly one million immigrants from Iran have returned to Afghanistan, 70 percent of whom did not have legal documents and the other 60 percent were forcibly returned.

It is stated that many Afghan citizens migrate through illegal routes due to difficulties in obtaining passports and visas, and often pay smugglers to cross the borders illegally. Unfortunately, most of the migrants have to borrow money or sell their family’s property to finance their journey.

An educated jobless man told Harici that he had no option but to travel abroad to work

Ahamd Jalali, a resident of Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, said that he had no other option but to go to Iran for work. “I graduated from the faculty of political sciences, but now I am jobless. I sent CVs to several departments and received no reply,” Jalali told Harici.

 He said that the majority of elite, educated and expert youth are not interested in continuing to live in the country due to unemployment. “If the situation prevails, people will lose hope for the future under the Taliban government. The Taliban need to chalk out a clear mechanism to provide jobs for educated young Afghans,” he asked.

Anosha Ahmadi, a female university student, said that she was banned from going to university after the Taliban took power. “I was in my third year. Only one year was left until completing my higher education. Who is more responsible than the Taliban for depriving me from education,” Ahmadi told Harici.

“I hate living under the Taliban rule, because I have no rights in society and life. Now I am at home living as a prisoner. I cannot accept darkness forever. I want to live as a human being, and human life,” she lamented.

No country can move toward peace and prosperity sans women’s active role in society

She said that the Taliban must open the doors of education and work for women. “I am pretty sure that the Taliban will succeed in ruling Afghanistan and trigger us toward peace, and economic development if they respect women’s rights and provide them with education and job opportunities,” she added.

Another number of citizens believe that the number of people leaving the country is higher than the statistics provided by the International Organization for Migration. It has been reported that 8 million people will leave the country in 2020. They say that this is the only statistic recorded by the United Nations, while thousands of others leave the country daily through smuggling and illegal means. According to these citizens, even the statistics presented by the United Nations reflect the dire and dangerous conditions in Afghanistan at the moment.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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ASIA

Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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