The massive spending on artificial intelligence (AI) by Big Tech companies is set to continue in 2025, with Amazon leading the charge by planning over $100 billion in infrastructure investments this year.
According to the Financial Times (FT), spending by the four leading US technology companies surged by 63% last year, reaching historic levels. Executives are now pledging to accelerate investment in AI, dismissing concerns about the enormous sums being poured into the emerging technology.
Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta reported that their combined capital expenditure rose from $151 billion in 2023 to $246 billion in 2024. They forecast that spending could exceed $320 billion in 2025 as they compete to build data centers and equip them with custom chip clusters to maintain leadership in AI large language model research.
The scale of these spending targets, announced alongside fourth-quarter earnings, surprised the market and exacerbated a sell-off triggered in late January by the launch of an innovative and inexpensive AI model from Chinese startup DeepSeek.
Microsoft and Google’s parent company, Alphabet, saw $200 billion wiped off their combined market capitalization after reporting weaker-than-expected growth in their cloud computing divisions and sharp increases in capital expenditure. Google’s 8% drop on Wednesday marked its fifth-worst trading day in a decade.
According to the FT, Google has been criticized for its lack of transparency regarding the use and revenue of its Gemini chatbot, while companies remain hesitant to adopt Microsoft’s costly and clunky Copilot “agents” aimed at improving labor productivity.
DeepSeek’s claim that it had developed a reasoning model with capabilities similar to those of Google and OpenAI—but at a much lower cost and without relying on Nvidia’s most advanced graphics processing units—caused Nvidia’s stock to plunge 17%, wiping out $600 billion in value in a single day. However, the stock later partially recovered.
Despite these challenges, Big Tech executives remain optimistic. On Tuesday, Google CEO Sundar Pichai described the AI opportunity as “huge,” defending the company’s plan to spend $75 billion in 2025—a 42% increase from $53 billion last year.
Pichai also noted that DeepSeek’s innovations could stimulate demand by demonstrating how new techniques can make AI more affordable and spur additional areas of research.
“I will spend $80 billion to build Azure, and customers can trust Microsoft,” Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said at Davos two weeks ago.
On Thursday, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy outpaced both Google and Microsoft, predicting that capital expenditures would exceed $100 billion this year, up from $77 billion in 2024 and more than double the $48 billion spent the year before. The vast majority of this spending will go toward data centers and servers for Amazon Web Services (AWS), which Jassy said was responding to “significant demand signals.”
Meta’s earnings were more positively received, with its shares soaring after Chairman Mark Zuckerberg pledged to invest “hundreds of billions of dollars” in AI on top of a $40 billion investment planned for 2024.
Spending among the “Magnificent Seven”—which includes Apple, Nvidia, and Tesla—dwarfs that of the rest of the S&P 500 in the US. According to Société Générale, the capital expenditure of these companies increased by 40% in 2024, compared to just 3.5% among the remaining 493 companies. Over the same period, profits for the elite group rose by a third, while those of the others grew by only 5%.
This spending spree is not limited to public companies, and neither DeepSeek nor fears of an AI bubble have slowed the flow of capital to Silicon Valley startups.
OpenAI’s Sam Altman has formed a partnership with SoftBank and Oracle to invest $100 billion in AI-related US infrastructure, potentially rising to half a trillion over time. Meanwhile, Japanese investor SoftBank is reportedly in talks to invest $25 billion in OpenAI at a valuation of $260 billion.