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EU and UK in talks to establish Europe-wide defense funding

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The UK will join EU leaders this week in talks on establishing Europe-wide defense financing arrangements as continental Europe seeks to strengthen its military amid fears that the US security umbrella will disappear.

The Financial Times (FT) reports that British Finance Minister Rachel Reeves will hold talks with other European finance ministers at this week’s G20 meeting in Cape Town as the war in Ukraine enters its fourth year.

Polish Finance Minister Andrzej Domanski said: “It could be a fund or a bank. For example, there is the concept of a rearmament bank, which we are also considering,” Mr. Domanski told the FT.

“It is hard to imagine European defense without Great Britain,” Domanski told the FT, adding that talks with Britain had been taking place for months.

The UK Treasury confirmed that Reeves would “raise defense funding proposals with his European counterparts” at the G20, but said the talks were at an early stage.

US President Donald Trump is demanding that European NATO allies increase their defense spending to 5% of GDP, higher than the current target of 2%, which some have yet to reach, or risk losing US protection.

The US President’s rapprochement with Russia, which many European countries see as an “existential threat,” has sparked heated discussions on how to collectively strengthen Europe’s defense capabilities and reduce dependence on American troops and weapons.

In a telephone conversation this weekend between European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, and in a separate telephone conversation between Leyen and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre, Europe’s collective defense spending was discussed in general, according to a person familiar with the discussions.

European countries are looking for ways to increase their defense capacities at a time when national budgets are extremely limited. A bank utilizing national guarantees could allow countries to increase their spending without increasing their balance sheets in advance.

At a time when Britain’s ability to increase spending is severely constrained by self-imposed fiscal rules, it is looking at ways to increase defense spending from 2.3% to 2.5% of GDP, at an extra cost of at least £5 billion a year.

Among the proposals is that of General Sir Nick Carter, the former head of the British army, who has suggested setting up a “rearmament bank” to draw on Europe’s savings pool, modeled on the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which was set up to support Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

“The Treasury is interested,” said one person involved in discussions with Reeves’ team, but Treasury officials said there were many models for multilateral financing on the table and that Reeves was open-minded about next steps.

EU leaders will meet at the end of March to discuss common defense needs, and Poland’s goal is to make progress on financing needs at a meeting of EU finance ministers in April.

The European Commission said this month it would partially lift EU financial rules to allow countries to invest in defense, a move that would allow countries to borrow without incurring sanctions.

Leyen also opened the door to “common European financing” for joint defense projects and is expected to detail financing options in March.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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