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France proposes massive austerity plan to tackle budget deficit

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French Prime Minister François Bayrou aims to reduce the budget deficit by proposing a large-scale spending freeze and the elimination of two national holidays for the coming year.

At a press conference on Tuesday, Bayrou outlined a €44 billion fiscal package for 2026, which includes tax increases and spending cuts, including restrictions on pensions and social benefits, and an as-yet-unspecified “solidarity contribution” from the wealthy.

“This is a moment of decision for us,” Bayrou said, warning that France could face a crisis similar to the debt crisis that hit Greece in 2008, and argued that they have “become addicted to public spending.”

Arguing that the French need to work more to trigger stronger growth, Bayrou added that eliminating Easter Monday and May 8 Victory in Europe Day as public holidays would generate €4.2 billion in revenue. France has 11 public holidays a year, while the UK has 8.

Bayrou also proposes reducing unemployment benefits.

Only defense spending was exempted from the cuts, citing “the growing threats from Russia.” President Emmanuel Macron has instructed Bayrou to increase military spending by about 10%, or €6.5 billion, over the next two budget periods.

Most of the proposed measures have drawn criticism from left- and right-wing opposition parties. These parties are threatening to topple the government by rejecting what they describe as an austerity budget that will hit the poor, workers, and retirees.

The fragile centrist alliance supporting Macron and Bayrou does not have a majority in the national assembly, so the prime minister will have to use a constitutional article to override the lawmakers’ decision to pass the budget.

In this case, the government will face a no-confidence vote in which the votes of Marine Le Pen’s National Rally (RN) party and the Socialists will be decisive.

Le Pen’s lawmakers ousted Bayrou’s predecessor, Michel Barnier, over the budget last year. Barnier had cited a plan to delink pensions from inflation for a year. Bayrou has now revived this idea.

Le Pen described Bayrou’s announcements as “targeting all French people, workers, and retirees instead of going after wasteful government spending.”

Le Pen stated that lawmakers would not hesitate to topple the government, saying, “If Bayrou does not revise his plan, we will censure him.”

According to Eurostat, France’s budget deficit rose to 5.8% of GDP at the end of 2024, making it the third-worst in the EU after Romania and Poland.

Bayrou’s draft budget, which will be formally presented to parliament in the autumn, aims to reduce the budget deficit to 4.6% of GDP by the end of 2026, with the government aiming to reach 3% of GDP by the end of 2029.

A particularly noteworthy issue was Bayrou’s concept of an année blanche (white year). This concept refers to a year in which government spending, pensions, and social benefit programs will be held constant, without the usual automatic increases and inflation adjustments.

Bayrou stated that this concept would save €7.1 billion in 2026, making it the second-largest item in his plan, and said it symbolized the need for effort from all French people and the state.

In addition to next year’s budget proposal, Bayrou outlined a five-year plan to stabilize the total debt-to-GDP ratio by 2029.

He said that the numerous social benefit payments currently in place should be replaced by a single, capped social benefit payment for low-income individuals. He stated that all healthcare spending, from medicines to long-term sick leave, should be rationalized.

France’s interest expenses this year, excluding pensions, will reach approximately €62 billion, equal to the combined spending on defense and education, and will rise to about €100 billion by 2029 if no action is taken.

Bayrou admitted he knew his ideas would leave him at the mercy of parliament. “We are fully aware of the risks,” Bayrou said, adding that there is an “obligation and desire to overcome these obstacles” for the national interest.

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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