Diplomacy
French historian Emmanuel Todd analyzes Western nihilism and moral collapse in Japan
French intellectual, historian, and anthropologist Emmanuel Todd visited Japan at the invitation of Hiroshima University President Mitsuo Ochi to evaluate the crisis facing the Western world and Japan’s place within this landscape.
Todd, who made the visit on October 18 after postponing it for a year due to health issues, began his speech by comparing the present day with his first visit to Hiroshima 33 years ago.
Todd described the atmosphere of 1992 with the following words:
“Optimism prevailed at that time. Communism had collapsed, and the Cold War was over. The nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were terrible, but they seemed to belong to the past, a mistake of humanity and the US. The dominant values of the era pointed toward a liberal and prosperous West.”
However, noting that the intervening years have completely reversed this picture, the French historian emphasized that freedoms are currently regressing in the West and living standards are declining.
Todd illustrated the situation in France using his own career as an example:
“Although my publisher, Gallimard, is one of France’s most prestigious institutions, I can no longer express myself on public television channels like France-Inter or France 2 as I used to. This is akin to being banned from appearing on NHK screens in Japan. My reputation in Japan protected me against the new state authoritarianism in France.”
Deindustrialization
Devoting significant attention to the Ukraine war, Todd argued that this conflict has exposed the West’s industrial weakness.
Stating that the Western alliance exaggerated its own power against Russia, the author expressed that gross domestic product (GDP) data is misleading:
“On the eve of the war, Russia’s GDP was only 3% of the West’s total. Despite this, Russia managed to produce more weapons than the entire West. The war demonstrated that the measurement we call GDP does not reflect actual production capacity and revealed our industrial weakness.”
Stating that an education crisis lies at the root of this production insufficiency, Todd drew attention to the collapse in the US engineering training capacity.
He noted that Russia, with a population much smaller than the US, trains more engineers, which is the key to victory on the ground.
Todd stated that Germany and Japan have maintained their engineering capacity, but the US, the UK, and France have regressed in this area.
Explaining this collapse in education and social structure through the “religious mutation” theory, the anthropologist argued that the Protestant ethic that constituted the West’s power has vanished.
Todd defined the social evolution of religion in three stages: Active religion: The period where belief and worship persist. Zombie religion: The period where belief is lost, but religious morals and habits (discipline, work ethic) keep society together. Irreligion: The period where religious values and the ideologies derived from them are completely erased, and the individual becomes isolated.
Todd stated that the West is currently in the “irreligion” stage, which breeds nihilism, and made the following observation:
“The individual has been deprived of fundamental values. The fear of emptiness turns into the glorification of emptiness, that is, a passion for destruction. The current mood of the West is partly this: Nihilism. This leads to a passion for war in the mind and a preference for war in geopolitics.”
Ukraine and Gaza
Stating that Western powers view themselves as being on the “side of justice” even in wars they have provoked, Todd reiterated that the root cause of the Ukraine crisis was NATO expansion.
Noting that this war is defensive for Russia, the historian said, “It is clear to me that the Americans and Europeans are aggressors who have advanced to within a thousand kilometers of Moscow. But what is truly fascinating is that these aggressors believe they are the ones under attack. There is an element of madness in our situation in Europe.”
Criticizing the situation in Gaza in harsh terms as well, Todd suggested that Israel is being remote-controlled by the US. Citing the inconsistency in Donald Trump’s policies as an example of “moral zero point,” the author used the following expressions:
“Trump can dream of evacuating Gaza and turning it into a coastline one day, and the next day order Israel to stop and demand a peace prize. Wanting genocide one day and wanting a Nobel Peace Prize the next is proof of moral destitution.”
Stating that the pro-war attitude within Europe is particularly evident in Protestant countries (the UK, Scandinavia, Northern Germany), Todd argued that Catholic countries (Italy, Spain) are more moderate.
Todd noted that Protestantism’s rejection of the material world and visuality leaves a “great void” behind when belief is lost. In contrast, he expressed that Catholicism sanctifies the world and art, so even if belief fades, the sense of “the beauty of the world” remains.
Todd evaluated Japan’s position in this context as well:
“Japan reaching the zero point of religion has created a mood more similar to Catholic countries than Protestant ones. The importance Japan places on nature and beauty protects it from the danger of nihilism. This is what I felt when I visited Miyajima with my daughter Louise: The sense of the world’s beauty is still alive here.”
Call for a “Realistic Dialogue” on Nuclear Weapons
In the conversation between Hiroshima University President Mitsuo Ochi and Todd following the conference, the subject of nuclear weapons was raised.
Despite President Ochi’s anti-nuclear stance, Todd defended the “balance of terror” thesis.
Todd explained his view on nuclear weapons as follows:
“The balance of terror is better than asymmetry. That is, a balance between countries possessing nuclear weapons is preferable to a situation where one has them and the other does not. Nuclear weapons are now a reality, and this problem cannot be resolved solely through a distinction between good and evil.”
President Ochi, recalling Hiroshima’s historical legacy, replied, “Nuclear deterrence is a difficult concept for Hiroshima citizens to accept, both logically and ethically.”
To Ochi’s question regarding what strategy he would pursue if a movement were launched for the complete abolition of nuclear weapons, Todd’s answer was short and clear:
“I never think about impossible things. Life is too short for that.”
Diplomacy
CSTO strips Armenia of voting rights over two-year budget debt
Members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) have stripped Armenia of its voting rights and its ability to appoint representatives to official positions due to a two-year debt to the organization’s budget.
Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, “This decision was taken based on the organization’s charter due to Armenia’s failure to fulfil its obligations for several years.”
Prior to the CSTO leaders’ summit in Moscow, Peskov had stated that member states would “react” to the Caucasus country’s non-participation in the organization’s activities.
Ahead of the Moscow summit, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said his country’s “interest has run out” regarding the CSTO. Through his press spokesperson, he announced that he would travel to Türkiye on 11 November to attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) instead of going to Russia.
The CSTO leaders’ meeting was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
The leaders jointly took the decision to revoke Armenia’s voting rights.
At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants also signed a joint declaration.
The declaration stated: “We confirm our unconditional commitment to the goals set out in the CSTO treaty and charter towards creating favourable and stable conditions for the comprehensive development of member states.”
Pashinyan had frozen Yerevan’s de facto participation in the CSTO in February 2024, citing the organization’s failure to aid the Armenian side during the armed clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023.
Having referred to the CSTO as a “soap-bubble alliance” since that time, Pashinyan accused the organization’s members of “planning war” together with Baku. He stated that Armenia would not return to active work within the alliance at least “over the next five years”, adding that he would welcome it if the country were expelled from membership.
Relations between Armenia and Russia grew tense once again in the spring of 2026, after Yerevan moved closer to the European Union (EU) and the Kremlin responded with a trade war.
In May, Pashinyan refused to travel to Moscow to attend the Victory Day parade and declared that he did not support Russia on the Ukraine issue.
In response, Putin called on Yerevan to determine its foreign policy course through a referendum, advising Armenian authorities not to forget the fate of Ukraine.
Diplomacy
US urges Russia to draft proposals for new European security pact
The US administration has reportedly called on Russia to submit proposals for a prospective security treaty with Europe that would include measures to ease tensions between European nations and Moscow.
According to a report by news site Axios citing sources familiar with the matter, the US side conveyed the request during trilateral negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.
During the talks, US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner suggested that the Russian delegation prepare a fresh proposal outlining its security concerns and demands.
The US delegation reportedly asked that this proposal clarify what kind of “symmetrical steps” Moscow is prepared to take to de-escalate tensions and “provide non-aggression guarantees to Europe”.
Another source familiar with the White House’s approach said the Trump administration aims to run the processes for a new European security architecture and a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine simultaneously.
Under this plan, the actual implementation of the security understandings would take effect only after the signing of an accord ending the conflict in Ukraine.
Assessing the approach to the process, the source said: “[Ukrainian President Volodymyr] Zelenskyy will not agree to any compromise without knowing what will happen next regarding security guarantees. Putin also wants to see the exact same picture clearly. This is precisely why the security portfolio is so decisive.”
The same official noted that the US will not reach a security agreement with Russia without the support of Europe and Ukraine, adding that Washington will not grant Moscow veto power over European security decisions.
Vladimir Medinsky, aide to the Russian president and head of the delegation in the Ukraine negotiations, previously stated that the fundamental objective was building a comprehensive new security system in Europe.
Medinsky noted that the structure in question must take on the character of “a fair, new, modern Yalta and Potsdam that carries the spirit of Helsinki 1975 and responds to contemporary realities”.
The Russian official argued that if such a system were established, peace lasting for decades, or even centuries, could be secured in Europe.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also announced that Moscow possesses its own position paper on how a new security architecture in Eurasia should take shape.
Lavrov stated that Russia hopes the Washington administration will “maintain its determination to pursue dialogue aimed at achieving an honest balance of interests where nobody’s security is impaired”.
Russian authorities have repeatedly stated that the country has no intention of attacking Europe.
Pointing out that they have no reason to fight NATO countries, Russian President Vladimir Putin previously said: “We have no interest whatsoever, neither geopolitical nor economic, political nor military.”
In a statement in October, Putin said Russia has no plans to attack anyone “in 2029, in 2030, or in the year 2050”.
On the other hand, Putin claimed that “all NATO countries are fighting Russia” and stated that the Russian military is currently the most combat-ready armed force in the world.
Following the contacts in Abu Dhabi, Kushner announced that he and Witkoff would travel to Moscow.
Explaining that they plan to meet Putin during the visit to discuss European participation in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict, Kushner argued that the parties could make “far greater progress” if the Russian leader consents to such involvement.
Yury Ushakov, aide to the Russian president, stated that the US special envoys will arrive in Moscow on 12 November, with the planned meeting with the Russian president scheduled for the first half of the day.
Diplomacy
Vance leads indirect push for US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks
US Vice-President JD Vance has been personally involved over the past two weeks in indirect talks with Iran aimed at securing a fresh ceasefire and restarting nuclear negotiations.
According to Axios, Vance’s intense engagement indicates that he has taken it upon himself to extract the US from the conflict, which he views as responsible for the Republican Party’s shocking losses in this week’s elections.
This elevates the latest round of indirect talks to the highest echelons of the administration.
US officials and regional sources state that Trump is currently willing to let diplomatic efforts run their course to see whether any agreement is achievable.
Asked by reporters on Friday what his message was to Iran, Trump said, “We are talking to them.”
According to sources with direct knowledge of the matter, Vance speaks almost daily with Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, and other mediators regarding the negotiations with Iran.
White House envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, President Trump’s adviser and son-in-law, are also involved in the process.
Sources say Vance and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators have been discussing the possibility of holding a working-level technical meeting between the US and Iran in the coming days, though this has not yet materialized.
Before the war began in late February, Vance was among the most sceptical voices in Trump’s inner circle on the issue, advocating instead for a diplomatic solution.
In April, he led the US negotiating delegation at the Iran summit held in Islamabad and was personally involved in the talks that yielded a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between the US and Iran in June.
Vance subsequently headed the US delegation during a series of direct talks with Iran in Switzerland.
Two weeks ago, Vance sent a letter to Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, proposing that direct negotiations resume.
Rezaei is one of the closest advisers to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei.
Iranian officials noted that Vance’s letter generated positive momentum toward restarting talks.
On Wednesday, Vance said the war was the primary reason for the Republicans’ repudiation at the polls.
Sources involved in mediation efforts report that while progress is being made, the process is moving very slowly.
On Friday evening, the prime minister of Qatar said, “Over the past few weeks, we worked with our colleagues in the US administration who have a sincere intention to contain the situation and de-escalate. Thanks to them and the voices of reason in Tehran, we prevented the situation from spinning out of control.”
The prime minister added that discussions with the Trump administration continued following the midterm elections, though they were not as active as in previous days “because there are other matters.”
Nevertheless, he noted that the US intention to find a diplomatic resolution “remains ongoing” and emphasized that an agreement is possible.
On Friday morning, Trump and the Emir of Qatar discussed Qatari efforts to bridge differences between the US and Iran as part of an accord.
According to a statement from his office, Sheikh Tamim emphasized the necessity of “pursuing dialogue and diplomatic channels to resolve differences, prevent the region from facing further escalation, and ensure freedom of maritime navigation as well as the security of energy supplies.”
Separately, Trump confirmed on Friday that the US military conducted a strike on an anti-aircraft missile launcher on Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz after it fired a missile at a US fighter jet.
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