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German industry turns to arms sector

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In the wake of the war in Ukraine, a growing number of German companies are moving into the military equipment and services sector, breaking a widespread taboo against supplying the arms industry.

The Financial Times (FT) reports a surge in production and investment in military equipment and services. Engine maker Deutz, for example, saw its shares rise by more than 20 per cent last week after announcing plans to produce tank engines as well as motorcycles.

The engineering group is among the medium-sized companies, the backbone of the German economy, that have reconsidered or ended the ban on defence contracts.

Due to the legacy of industrial cooperation with the Nazi regime, parts of German business have long shunned the defence sector. Since February 2022, however, some key players in the country’s engineering supply chain, such as laser manufacturer Trumpf and components company Hawe Hydraulik, have targeted military contracts.

“Defence of freedom by military means if necessary…”

Cathryn Clüver Ashbrook, a political scientist and former director of the German Council on Foreign Relations, told the FT that long-held attitudes to the defence sector were changing rapidly. “After three years of war and heavy economic losses on the European continent, Germany is on the verge of a historic change,” she said.

“Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has certainly raised awareness in our society that freedom must be defended by military means if necessary,” said Daimler, which last month announced a new contract to supply 1,500 trucks to the Canadian military.

War industry no longer “stigmatised”

Karl Haeusgen, chairman of engineering firm Hawe Hydraulik, which will end its ban on defence contracts in 2022, said the Ukraine war and subsequent European pressure to increase military spending had reduced the “stigma” surrounding the defence sector.

“A large part of the defence supply chain has a completely different image than three or four years ago,” Haeusgen said.

The company used to have a policy of not supplying the defence sector, but now its board-level committee considers orders for its valves and pumps, which can be used in military equipment, including vehicles and ships.

“Civilian” production harmonised with military production

This shift also comes at a time when German industry is struggling to recover from weak demand from China. In contrast to the booming defence sector, the country’s car industry has been forced to announce large-scale redundancies at a time when the transition to electric vehicles is proving difficult.

Christian Mölling of the German Council on Foreign Relations argued that Germany is facing the opposite situation to Europe in the immediate post-Cold War period, when companies were faced with the need to convert military production to civilian production.

“They are rethinking how to use [civilian] production capacity, technology and procedures to be more efficient in the military world,” Mölling said.

Work shifts from automotive to defence

Continental, one of the world’s leading automotive suppliers with 200,000 employees, recently launched a plan to transfer hundreds of workers to the German defence company Rheinmetall.

Peter Sebastian Krause, a Rheinmetall executive, said at the time that the Continental workers would bring “extremely valuable” skills to the company.

Laser manufacturer Trumpf, whose customers include the semiconductor industry, including chip-making equipment company ASML, is another company considering lifting the ban on defence supplies.

The company’s lasers are subject to export restrictions, including to China, because the German government considers them to be “dual-use”, with both civilian and military applications.

Hagen Zimer, the company’s head of laser operations, said defence companies had shown interest in military applications for the company’s lasers, such as shooting down drones. The laser could be a powerful defence tool, Zimer told the FT, adding that without the technology “it would be impossible to defend against a multi-pronged attack of 200 drones in war zones”.

Lufthansa enters the military industry

Lufthansa Technik, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the airline group that services around one-fifth of the world’s active fleet, officially launched a military aircraft services division last year. The unit, which has become a fast-growing business, will help maintain Germany’s Chinook helicopters and F-35 fighter jets.

“Based on our relationship with the German government, we decided to take a bigger step into defence in 2019,” said Lufthansa Technik chief executive Michael von Puttkamer, adding that the €100bn earmarked for military restructuring “is an opportunity to step further into the sector”.

“We believe that entering the defence sector is not only a great business opportunity, but also a way to support the ability of our German armed forces to defend our country,” Puttkamer said.

Susanne Wiegand, CEO of tank parts manufacturer Renk, said increased “synergies” between Germany’s civil and defence manufacturing sectors could benefit both sides.

“This is a great way to develop technology. Innovations come from the military world and find their way into civil applications and vice versa,” Wiegand said.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Europe

Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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