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New Syrian constitution draft sparks controversy over Islamic law

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Ahmed Shara, the leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) administration in Syria, signed a declaration outlining the basic provisions of the interim constitution. The de facto administration in northern Syria, led by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDG) which signed an agreement with HTS earlier this week, rejected the articles in the draft constitution, stating that they are “identical to the laws on which the Ba’ath regime is based.”

In a statement made on behalf of the de facto administration, which calls itself the “Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria” under the leadership of the SDG, it was stated, “Months after the fall of the Ba’ath regime and despite the joy of the Syrian people who rebelled against this regime and its oppressive practices, a ‘Draft Constitution’ declaration was published in Damascus.”

The statement claimed that the articles in the draft constitution are “identical to the laws on which the Ba’ath regime is based” and are “far from the reality and diversity of Syria.”

It was stated that the draft constitution excludes the main components of Syria’s national structure, including Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, and other ethnic and religious groups, and that they reject and condemn the draft in its current form.

“This so-called constitutional framework does not reflect the demands of the Syrian people and its various communities,” the statement said. “The Syrian people revolted against such practices, and a return to this outdated approach will further deepen the nation’s wounds.”

The statement continued: “The correct constitution that should be in place is one prepared and agreed upon by all communities. We hope that some exclusive, narrow-minded views and thoughts do not take us back to square one. Only in this way can it serve as the foundation for a sustainable democratic future in Syria.”

An agreement was reached between the HTS administration and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDG) on Monday, March 10. The agreement, signed between Ahmed Shara, the leader of the HTS administration, and Mazlum Abdi, the leader of the SDG, envisioned the integration of the SDG into Syrian state institutions.

Yesterday, three days after the agreement with the SDG, Shara signed a 53-article declaration outlining the basic provisions of the interim constitution. According to the declaration, the constitution includes the article, “The religion of the President is Islam, and Islamic law (fiqh) is the main source of legislation.”

The constitution, which envisages a five-year transition period, grants Shara, who is declared the “interim President,” executive power, the authority to appoint one-third of the legislative body, and the power to appoint judges to the constitutional court. Shara will also have the power to declare a state of emergency. Additionally, all political party activities in the country are suspended until the political parties law comes into effect.

According to Anadolu Agency, the highlights of the interim constitutional declaration are as follows:

– Article 1: The Syrian Arab Republic is a fully independent and sovereign state. Its geographical and political unity is indivisible, and no part of it can be relinquished.

– Article 2: The religion of the President is Islam, and Islamic law (fiqh) is the main source of legislation. Freedom of belief is guaranteed. The state respects all heavenly religions and guarantees freedom of worship. However, this freedom must not violate public order.

– Article 6: All citizens have equal rights and obligations before the law. Discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or lineage is prohibited.

– Article 7: The personal status of religious communities is protected and applied in accordance with their beliefs and Sharia. It is regulated within the framework of existing laws.

– Article 8: The state regulates the national economy based on social justice, free competition, and the prevention of monopolies. It supports production sectors, encourages investment, and protects investors to strengthen sustainable development.

– Article 13: The state guarantees freedom of expression, thought, press, publication, and media. These rights are regulated by law to protect public order and respect the rights of others.

– Article 14: The state recognizes the right to political participation and the freedom to form parties based on national foundations. A commission will be formed to prepare the party law, and party activities will be suspended until this law comes into effect.

– Article 15: The state commits to protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international conventions and humanitarian norms.

– Article 16: The state protects the family as the foundation of society and commits to supporting motherhood and childhood.

– Article 17: The state commits to protecting the social status and active role of women and protecting them from all forms of violence and discrimination.

– Article 18: The state commits to protecting children from abuse and mistreatment and ensuring their access to education and health services.

– Article 20: The People’s Assembly is appointed by the President and performs legislative duties until a permanent constitution is adopted and new parliamentary elections are held.

– Article 27: The President is the head of state, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the highest authority responsible for the administration of the country.

– Article 35: The judiciary is independent. Judges are bound only by law and their conscience.

– Article 36: No crime or punishment can be applied without a legal regulation. Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Extraordinary courts cannot be established.

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Israeli navy strikes Houthi-controlled Hodeidah port in Yemen

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The Israeli navy targeted the Houthi-controlled Hodeidah Port in Yemen early this morning, marking the first naval assault by warships against the group since October 7.

A statement from the Israeli military indicated that the strike was a response to repeated missile and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) attacks launched by the Houthis against Israeli territory. The statement alleged that Hodeidah Port is a “center for weapons transfers” and argued that the attack’s goal was to prevent the port’s use for military purposes.

Recalling that the port was also targeted by Israel last year, the announcement added, “The port continues to be used for terrorist purposes.” It was specified that the attack aimed to deepen the destruction at Hodeidah Port.

Following the naval assault, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared, “Israel’s long arm in the air and at sea will reach everywhere. We have warned the Houthis that if they continue to attack Israel, we will respond forcefully and place them under a sea and air blockade.”

Nasreddin Amir, a senior Houthi official, confirmed the attack in a post on X, stating that Israeli naval units had targeted the port in Hodeidah with two missiles.

The Houthis in Yemen have periodically targeted Israel with ballistic missiles since it resumed intense attacks on the Gaza Strip, breaking a ceasefire agreement. The group launched another missile toward Israel yesterday; however, it fell before reaching its target, and no sirens were activated. The last time sirens were triggered was last Thursday.

After October 7, the Houthis were also subjected to joint attacks by the US and the United Kingdom. However, US President Joe Biden, after taking office, first increased the intensity of attacks against the Houthis and then declared a ceasefire without informing Israel.

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UNSC fails again on Gaza ceasefire as US exercises veto power

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The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution on Gaza has been vetoed by the US for the fifth time. Hamas stated that the US’s use of its veto power signifies direct support for Israel’s “genocide against Palestinian civilians.”

A draft resolution submitted to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) calling for a ceasefire in Gaza was vetoed by the US, citing the resolution’s failure to condemn Hamas.

This veto marked the first instance of the US exercising this power in the UNSC during the Donald Trump administration and was the fifth US veto of a resolution concerning the Gaza war, which commenced in October 2023.

The UNSC had similarly failed to pass resolutions in previous ceasefire attempts.

The UNSC convened to discuss the Gaza resolution, which was endorsed by the council’s 10 elected members (E10) and presented on the preceding day by Slovenia, the group’s coordinator.

During the subsequent vote, the US exercised its veto power on the ceasefire resolution, which had been introduced due to the dire humanitarian situation.

The resolution, proposing urgent intervention for civilians in Gaza amidst ongoing Israeli attacks, was rejected by the US, a permanent member with veto authority, despite receiving 14 affirmative votes in the recently concluded ballot.

US Representative Dorothy Shea justified the veto, stating, “Our opposition to this resolution should come as no surprise. It is unacceptable for what it contains, what it does not contain, and the way it was put forward.” Shea added, “The US has clearly stated it will not support any measure that does not condemn Hamas.”

“Fourteen affirmative votes carry a strong message”

Evaluating the US veto on behalf of the E10 group, Slovenia’s UN Permanent Representative Samuel Zbogar remarked, “The resolution was not adopted. However, fourteen affirmative votes carry a strong message.”

Zbogar emphasized that the US veto prevented the Council from acting, stating, “When faced with a choice between abandoning the rules that have guided the international community for 80 years and the right to veto, we chose humanity.”

He noted their awareness of differing stances within the UNSC, explaining their decision to focus the draft resolution solely on the humanitarian crisis. “We thought the Council should unite around this urgent demand for unhindered humanitarian access and the delivery of food to starving civilians,” Zbogar added.

The Slovenian Representative stressed that starving civilians and inflicting “immense” suffering upon them is “inhumane and contrary to international law.” He remarked, “No war aim can justify such an act. We hoped and expected this to be our common understanding.”

Hamas: US supports crimes against humanity

Hamas asserted that the US veto of the UNSC Gaza resolution constitutes direct support for Israel’s “genocide against Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip.”

A written statement from Hamas condemned the US veto, which single-handedly blocked the draft resolution for a ceasefire in Gaza submitted to the UNSC.

The statement read, “The US veto represents Washington’s blind bias towards the fascist occupation government and confirms its support for the crimes against humanity it is committing in the Gaza Strip.”

Highlighting Washington’s disregard for international law, the statement described the veto as an “arrogant stance reflecting a complete rejection of any international effort to stop the shedding of Palestinian blood.”

The statement further assessed, “The US stance means a green light for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, a war criminal sought by the International Criminal Court (ICC), to continue his brutal genocidal war against innocent civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, in the Gaza Strip, and reveals its full complicity in the crime Israel continues to commit.”

Hamas noted in its statement: “The UNSC’s failure to stop the 20-month-long war, break the siege, or allow food aid to enter has raised fundamental questions about the role of international community institutions and the effectiveness of international laws and conventions that Israel continues to violate daily without any accountability or effective action against it.”

The statement urged the international community to “act urgently against this moral and political collapse, to immediately stop the genocidal war, and to pressure Israeli leaders to be held accountable for the crimes they committed against the Palestinian people.”

Resolution submitted by 10 elected UNSC members

The resolution proposing urgent intervention in Gaza was submitted to the UNSC presidency on the previous day by its 10 elected member countries (E10), with a vote requested for the current day.

The resolution highlighted the further deterioration of the civilian population’s situation in Gaza following Israel’s resumption of attacks in March.

The E10 group stated they had prepared a concise draft resolution expressing “serious concerns” about the situation in Gaza, including the risk of famine, and reaffirming that all parties must comply with their obligations under international law.

Countries that endorsed the resolution include Algeria, Denmark, Greece, Guyana, Panama, Pakistan, South Korea, Sierra Leone, and Somalia, with Slovenia serving as the E10 coordinator.

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Israel bans access to Gaza aid distribution points amid ‘renovation’ claims

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The Israeli army announced that Palestinians are prohibited from approaching so-called humanitarian aid distribution points today due to “renovation and reorganization work.”

Army Spokesperson Avichay Adraee stated in his announcement that the so-called humanitarian aid distribution points in Gaza would not be open today due to “renovation, reorganization, and efficiency improvement work.”

Spokesperson Adraee said, “Residents of the Gaza Strip; pay attention to the announcement by the Gaza Humanitarian Fund (GHF) that it will close humanitarian aid distribution centers on Wednesday.”

Adraee emphasized that today, movement on roads leading to the so-called aid distribution points, “considered conflict zones,” and entry into the distribution center areas are strictly prohibited.

As a result of the Israeli army targeting Palestinians waiting for humanitarian aid yesterday morning at the El-Alem so-called aid distribution point in the southern Gaza Strip city of Rafah, 27 people lost their lives.

In a statement made yesterday by the Palestinian government’s Media Office in Gaza, it was announced that 102 people had been killed and 490 injured in attacks by the Israeli army targeting Palestinians struggling with hunger in distribution areas established under the guise of “aid” by the US-undertaken, Israeli-supported Gaza Humanitarian Fund since May 27.

Israel’s new weapon in Gaza: Aid distributions

The US-undertaken, Israeli-supported Gaza Humanitarian Fund announced on May 27 that it had “begun operations in Gaza” and that trucks for so-called aid distribution were on their way.

The Israeli army, however, announced that four so-called aid distribution centers had been established in the Gaza Strip, three in the south and one in the north.

In the Israeli army’s statement, which declared more than 80% of the Gaza Strip a prohibited zone for Palestinians by dividing it into cantons, it was noted that two of the so-called aid distribution centers on the Morag Corridor had commenced operations.

On the first day of the so-called aid distribution, three Palestinians were killed and dozens injured as a result of fire opened during the chaos that erupted when Palestinians, subjected to starvation by the Israeli army, flocked to the center in Tel Sultan.

Images from the GHF-controlled distribution point were likened by social media users to symbolic photographs taken at concentration camps established by German Nazis during World War II.

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