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MIDDLE EAST

Palestinian factions agree: One government for all Palestinian territories

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After three days of meetings in Beijing, 14 Palestinian factions, including Hamas and the Fatah movement, signed a joint declaration aimed at building Palestinian unity. According to the declaration, an ‘interim government of national unity’ will be established on the basis of the Palestinian constitution. This government will exercise jurisdiction and authority over the entire Palestinian territory, emphasising the unity of the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza. It will begin by unifying all Palestinian institutions, beginning the reconstruction of Gaza and preparing for general elections as soon as possible.

At the invitation of the Chinese government, 14 Palestinian national organisations met in Beijing from 21 to 23 July and signed the Beijing Declaration at the end of the meeting. The declaration calls for an end to division and the establishment of Palestinian unity.

Officials from the Palestinian organisations appeared on camera with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the closing ceremony of the meeting. Senior Hamas official Moussa Abu Marzouk confirmed that the Palestinian factions had signed an agreement following the negotiations. “Today we are signing a national agreement and declaring that the way to complete this process is through national unity. We are committed to national unity and we are calling for it”.

Wang Yi said that the main focus of the Beijing Declaration was ‘the establishment of a transitional government of national reconciliation to govern post-war Gaza’. Reconciliation is an internal matter for the Palestinian factions, but it cannot be achieved without the support of the international community,” Wang Yi said.

Mostafa Barghouti, secretary general of the Palestinian National Initiative, one of the 14 factions that signed the agreement, told Al Jazeera that it was ‘much more advanced’ than other agreements reached in recent years. He said the four main elements of the agreement were the establishment of an interim government of national unity, the formation of a unified Palestinian leadership ahead of future elections, the free election of a new Palestinian National Council and a general declaration of unity in the face of continued Israeli aggression.

Barghouti said the move towards a unity government was particularly important because it would ‘thwart Israeli efforts to create some kind of cooperative structure against Palestinian interests’.

According to the Beijing Declaration, the Palestinian factions reportedly agreed on the following issues:

1. To unite their national efforts to confront the Zionist aggression and stop the genocide perpetrated by the occupying state and the settler gangs supported by the United States of America. It was also agreed to resist attempts to expel our people from their homeland of Palestine and to force the Zionist entity to end its occupation of the Gaza Strip and all other occupied territories, while preserving the integrity of the Palestinian territories, including the West Bank, Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip.

2. The Palestinian factions welcomed the opinion of the International Court of Justice confirming the illegality of the Israeli presence, occupation and settlements on the territory of the State of Palestine and stressing the need for their immediate removal.

3. On the basis of the National Reconciliation Agreement signed in Cairo on 4/5/2011 and the Algiers Declaration signed on 12/10/2022, the factions agreed to pursue the implementation of the agreements to end the division with the support of Egypt, Algeria and their friends in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, as follows

a) A commitment to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions, in particular resolutions 181 and 2334, and to the right of return in accordance with resolution 194.

b) The right of the Palestinian people to resist and end the occupation in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations, and the right of peoples to self-determination and to fight for it by all available means.

c) The establishment of an interim national unity government by decision of the President (Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas) with the agreement of the Palestinian factions and on the basis of the current Palestinian Constitution. This government will exercise jurisdiction and authority over the entire Palestinian territory, emphasising the unity of the West Bank, Jerusalem and Gaza. It will begin by unifying all Palestinian institutions in the areas of the Palestinian state, begin the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip, and prepare general elections as soon as possible under the supervision of the Central Elections Commission in accordance with the approved electoral law.

d. Pending practical steps to form the new National Council in accordance with the approved electoral law and to develop the institutions of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and to deepen the political partnership in the exercise of national responsibility, it is confirmed to activate and regulate the unified interim leadership framework for partnership in political decision-making as agreed in the Palestinian National Reconciliation Document signed on 4 May 2011.

4. To resist and prevent attempts to displace our people, especially in Gaza, the West Bank and Jerusalem, and to reaffirm the illegality of settlements and their expansion, in accordance with the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly and the opinion of the International Court of Justice.

5. To work for the lifting of the brutal siege on our people in Gaza and the West Bank and for the delivery of humanitarian and medical aid without any restrictions or conditions.

6. To support and reaffirm the heroic determination and brave resistance of our struggling people in Palestine to overcome the wounds and destruction caused by the criminal aggression and to rebuild what the occupation has destroyed, and to support the families of the martyrs, the wounded and all those who have lost their homes, property and livelihoods.

7. To resist the conspiracies of the occupiers and their continuous violations against Al-Aqsa Mosque and to resist any harm to Al-Aqsa Mosque, the city of Jerusalem and the Islamic and Christian holy places.

8. Honouring the martyrs of the Palestinian people and affirming its full support for the brave prisoners who are subjected to various forms of torture and oppression in the occupation prisons and camps, and giving priority to all possible efforts to liberate them from the shackles of the occupation.

In the light of this Declaration, the participants agreed on a common mechanism for the implementation of all aspects of the Declaration and decided to consider the meeting of the Secretaries General as the starting point for the immediate work of the joint national teams. It was also agreed to establish a timetable for the implementation of the Declaration.

The Palestinian factions who signed the declaration are

– The Palestine National Liberation Movement (Fatah Movement)

– The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)

– The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

– The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine

– Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement

– Palestinian People’s Party

– Popular Struggle Front for Palestine

– Palestinian National Initiative Movement

– Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

– Palestinian Democratic Alliance (FIDA)

– Palestine Liberation Front

– Arab Liberation Front

– Palestinian Arab Front

– Pioneers of the Popular Liberation War (As-Sa’iqa Forces)

MIDDLE EAST

Shin Bet Director dismissed amid ‘Qatargate’ probe

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The Israeli government has unanimously dismissed Shin Bet Director Ronen Bar. Bar stated that the real intention behind his dismissal was to “continue ceasefire negotiations without reaching an agreement.” Referencing the Qatargate scandal investigated by Shin Bet, Bar said his dismissal “smells of foreign interests and an unprecedented conflict of interest.”

In a first for Israel, the director of Shin Bet, considered an independent institution, was dismissed by a cabinet decision. Bar did not attend the meeting where the dismissal was to be voted on, despite being summoned, but sent a letter to the ministers.

In his letter, Bar refuted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s claim that there was a trust issue between them, which Netanyahu cited as the reason for the dismissal. Bar stated, “There has been intense and effective cooperation between Shin Bet under my leadership and the Prime Minister.”

Arguing that the Shin Bet Director should be loyal to the people, not the Prime Minister, Bar said, “Netanyahu could not support the reasons he put forward for my dismissal. Despite my request, no concrete examples were provided.”

Bar argued that Netanyahu’s insistence on the lack of trust between them was not a valid basis, but that his real intention was to continue ceasefire negotiations in Gaza without reaching an agreement.

Bar stated that Netanyahu’s decision to exclude him and Mossad Chief David Barnea from the ceasefire and prisoner exchange negotiations harmed the delegation and prevented any progress in the release of prisoners.

Bar added that Netanyahu is taking steps that will “weaken the country both internally and against its enemies.”

According to Bar, the decision is driven by “foreign interests and conflict of interest.”

Shin Bet Director Bar also referred to the “Qatargate” investigation in Israel, conducted by Shin Bet, regarding allegations that Netanyahu’s close advisors received money from Qatar through shell companies.

Bar stated, “Important investigative steps are being taken. Following the disruption of these steps by a sudden and hasty dismissal based on completely unfounded allegations, there is a smell of foreign interests and an unprecedented conflict of interest.”

He warned that the dismissal, initiated by Prime Minister Netanyahu, sends a dangerous message to those under investigation and could jeopardize the outcome of the investigation.

The government’s decision to dismiss the Shin Bet Director has been taken to the High Court.

The Movement for Quality Government requested the decision be halted in a petition to the High Court.

The decision also drew a swift reaction from the opposition. Yisrael Beytenu party leader Avigdor Liberman said, “By firing Shin Bet Director Ronen Bar, Netanyahu is doing exactly what our enemies dream of.”

The main opposition leader Yair Lapid says that the government dismissed Bar “for one reason only”: to stop the Qatargate investigation.

Lapid stated, “The opposition parties will jointly object to this reckless move to legitimize the infiltration of a hostile state into the prime minister’s office.”

The “Qatargate” discussions began with allegations that millions of dollars were taken from Qatar and transferred to Netanyahu’s election campaign.

These allegations turned into an investigation conducted by Shin Bet, with Prime Minister Netanyahu’s spokespeople Eliezer Feldstein and advisors Jonathan Urich and Srulik Einhorn in the defendant’s seat.

Israeli media reported that Netanyahu also received $15 million from Qatar in 2012 and $50 million in 2018.

It was reported that Feldstein was paid by an international company to support Qatar’s image, and Netanyahu’s advisors Urich and Einhorn also provided image consultancy for Qatar.

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MIDDLE EAST

Gaza ceasefire: The bell of war ringing again

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The ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas did not last long, and eventually the bell for war had sounded again. According to media reports, hundreds of Palestinians have been killed in the Gaza Strip as a result of Israeli airstrikes. Israeli officials also warned that the gates of hell had opened on Gaza. The United States also announced that it had responded positively to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s request to resume the war.

The question: Why has the Gaza war resumed?

First: These days, US President Donald Trump has been feverishly pushing for talks with Iran, which is not pleasing to the Israeli side. Trump has repeatedly emphasized the need to negotiate with Iran before pursuing other options.

More importantly, he recently sent a letter addressed to the Iranian Leader and also informed the media. The content of the letter is also focused on starting negotiations with Iran, although it is spoken from a position of power. Furthermore, Adam Boehler, Trump’s representative for Israeli hostage affairs, met with the Hamas leadership in Doha, the capital of Qatar, and evaluated the meeting as constructive, while in response to Tel Aviv’s criticism, he described Hamas members as good people.

Of course, it was recently claimed that he was removed from his position. Now, in order to prevent Trump and Iran from entering the negotiating line and for the US to avoid direct talks with Hamas, the Israeli side has wanted to make the situation critical so that the atmosphere for consultations remains unfavorable. Furthermore, by intensifying the attacks, Netanyahu wants to force Hamas to accept conditions that the group has so far refused to accept.

Second: In the meantime, Trump also has specific goals that he is seeking to achieve: forcing Iran to negotiate. Trump has repeatedly emphasized establishing peace; but from the position of exercising power, using the tools of sanctions and military threats. The deadly airstrikes by the US military on Yemeni Houthi positions and the hints and insinuations of Trump and his entourage towards Iran are also intended to force Tehran to agree to negotiations, and that is, negotiations whose terms and conditions are determined by the American side.

Trump’s green light to resume the Gaza war could also be in this direction, because if the ceasefire goes ahead as included in the agreement, the American and Israeli sides believe that Iran and the so-called “axis of resistance” will declare themselves victorious, and in that case Tehran will either refuse to negotiate or will try to enter the arena from a strong position.

Third: It is true that Trump signed the plan to resume the war, but he will not support the continuation of the war and its spread, for three reasons:

1- it would contradict the slogans that Trump has constantly chanted to end wars. More importantly, since he values ​​the principle of “cost-benefit” so much, his support for a long and consequential war would harm the achievement of the larger goals he has in mind.

Therefore, it supports what Netanyahu wants to a certain extent, which is natural; but it seems unlikely that the previous US administration would want to continuously pump advanced weapons and military equipment into Israel for more than a year.

2- Second, Trump’s support for a long war that results in the deaths of Palestinian civilians could undermine the prospects for expanding the Abraham Accords, an agreement that Trump holds in high regard and cites as the most important achievement of her first administration.

Arab governments also have a sense of dignity and prestige and will not join this treaty for free, especially Saudi Arabia. Therefore, Trump does not want the scope of this treaty to remain narrow.

3- If Trump agrees to support a large-scale and high-consequence war in Gaza, America will be stuck in the Middle East, which will sideline the rest of the White House’s priorities: Ending the war in Ukraine, a trade war with China, Canada, Europe, etc. When the US is once again involved in the Gaza conflict, Russia will become bolder and, instead of giving in to Trump’s demand to sign a ceasefire agreement, will insist on continuing the war to occupy more territory in Ukraine. The trade war with China and Europe also requires that Trump be comfortable with the Middle East.

4- Netanyahu’s cabinet is grappling with numerous internal problems. For example, Internal Security Minister Ben-Governor resigned and left the government in response to accepting the first phase of the ceasefire. Smotrich, another Netanyahu ally, has also warned that he will resign in response to accepting the second phase, which would lead to the collapse of the cabinet.

Apart from that, the risk of launching a comprehensive investigation to clarify the dimensions of the October 7 attack is also prominent, which is possible in the absence of war conditions. In recent days, a serious disagreement between Netanyahu and Shin Bet chief Ronen Bar has flared up, leading to the latter’s dismissal. This dismissal is said to be related to the risk of leaking documents that could jeopardize Netanyahu’s political life.

Now, the simple and inexpensive way to keep the government going and quell internal disputes is to resume the war with Hamas, so that the opposing and supporting view of the external enemy is fixed. In the meantime, the protests of the families of the hostages and the opposition forces are important as a deterrent; but not to the extent of the internal conflict in the cabinet, the disclosure of documents and the preparation of the investigation file into the October 7 attack, which could put an end to the life of the Netanyahu government.

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MIDDLE EAST

Israeli army expands ground invasion in Gaza

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The Israeli army is expanding its ground invasion in Gaza after resuming attacks and breaking the ceasefire. The Israeli army, which initially entered the Netzarim Corridor, bisecting Gaza along a north-south axis, has announced the commencement of a ground invasion in the north. In response to Israel’s intensified attacks, Hamas targeted Tel Aviv for the first time in five months.

In a statement, the Israeli army announced the start of ground operations in the northern Gaza Strip, adding that the operations are being conducted jointly with Shin Bet, its internal intelligence agency.

Ground operations have reportedly begun off the coast of the Beit Lahia region in the northern Gaza Strip, preceded by aerial targeting of Hamas sites in the area.

The statement noted that attacks on Gaza continued throughout the night, purportedly targeting military structures and weapons.

The statement also affirmed that attacks on the Gaza Strip are ongoing.

Conversely, it is anticipated that Israel will conduct even more intensive attacks in Gaza than its previous operations, which resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians.

The Walla news site reported that the Israeli army used the ceasefire to reinforce its strength and replenish its arsenal.

The report stated that Israel has increased the capability of its armored vehicles and added new ones to its inventory. It also assessed that the new Chief of General Staff, Eyal Zamir, with the support of the US, will use more firepower and be more aggressive.

After breaking the ceasefire with Hamas and resuming airstrikes, the Israeli army announced the resumption of its ground invasion in the Netzarim Corridor, which divides Gaza along a north-south axis.

The Israeli army, which withdrew from the Netzarim Corridor on February 9 as part of a ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreement, has reoccupied the corridor. It has also demanded that Palestinians evacuate from certain areas, announcing that the army is conducting pinpoint strikes.

While Salahaddin Street is closed, Palestinians traveling along the north-south axis of Gaza can use Rashid Street on the coast, it was noted.

Meanwhile, the Israeli army is expanding its occupation in the buffer zone around the Gaza Strip, continuing its ground invasion in the areas off Beit Lahia and Khan Yunis.

Hamas’s military wing, the Kassam Brigades, announced that it bombed Tel Aviv with M90 rockets in response to “the Zionist massacres against civilians.”

The Israeli army also announced that three long-range rockets were fired from the southern Gaza Strip towards Tel Aviv, the capital of Israel. According to the statement, one of the rockets was intercepted by air defense systems, while the other two hit open areas. This marks the first time Hamas has targeted Tel Aviv since October 7, 2024.

Furthermore, Hamas announced that negotiations with mediators are ongoing to halt Israeli attacks and force Tel Aviv to implement the agreed-upon ceasefire agreement.

Hamas Spokesman Abdullatif al-Kanu stated in a written statement that they are committed to the ceasefire agreement and are “working with mediators to save the Palestinian people from the war and to ensure the withdrawal of the occupiers from Gaza.”

Kanu added, “The blockade, starvation, and genocide being carried out against Gaza require the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to take immediate action.”

Egyptian Foreign Minister Bedr Abdulati and Qatari Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdurrahman Al Sani also discussed the situation in Gaza in a telephone conversation.

At least 710 people have died and more than 900 have been injured in the attacks launched by the Israeli army on the Gaza Strip since the morning of March 18.

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