Europe
Germany amends constitution to allow increased armament
The German Federal Parliament (Bundestag) has passed a bill proposing an amendment to the constitutional debt brake to pave the way for armament.
In the vote requiring a two-thirds majority, 512 members of parliament voted in favor, while 207 opposed, with no abstentions.
The amendment was made possible after the CDU/CSU and SPD brought the bill to parliament, and the Greens also approved it. If the vote had been held with the Bundestag composition from the early elections on February 23, the amendment would not have passed due to likely objections from AfD and Die Linke.
Now, the Federal Council (Bundesrat) will also need to approve the amendment on Friday. A two-thirds majority is also required in the state parliaments. The states where CDU/CSU, SPD, and the Greens are in government together hold 41 of the 69 votes in the Bundesrat.
However, Free Voters leader Hubert Aiwanger has already given up opposing new borrowing, so Bavaria will vote in favor of the Federal Constitutional amendments on Friday. Thus, the majority will be secured.
During the discussion of the bill, Johannes Fechter of the SPD defended the urgency to make the amendment, arguing that quick decisions are now necessary due to the “situation in the world.”
Fechter claimed that the new Federal Parliament could only take action “in a few months” and emphasized that the members of parliament had enough time to discuss the constitutional amendment.
Fechter accused those who criticized the plan of being “extensions of Putin.”
AfD parliamentary group secretary Bernd Baumann made harsh criticisms in his speech and said that the CDU/CSU prevented experts from being heard in the budget commission.
Baumann accused Federal Parliament President Bärbel Bas of the SPD of deliberately delaying the gathering of the new Federal Parliament and accused CDU leader Merz of wanting to buy power with new debts, “as in banana republics.”
The AfD member, arguing that the CDU/CSU had retreated from all election promises, said that the votes were rigged and the voters were deceived.
CDU/CSU parliamentary leader Thorsten Frei insisted that everything was “legal,” arguing that the old Federal Parliament composition was “fully capable of taking action.”
Greens representative Irene Mihalic emphasized that they were not in favor of the quick decision-making procedure in the old Federal Parliament, while accusing the AfD of “using procedural rules to divide the parliament” and argued that it was important for “democracy to remain resistant to the AfD.”
Christian Görke from the Left Party (Die Linke) spoke of a situation that was “unworthy of parliamentary procedure.” Görke said that it was a scandal for the Federal Parliament to make such decisions and argued that all of this was “disrespectful to the state.” The Left Party, directing harsh criticism at the Greens, claimed that “they allowed themselves to be bought for a few billion euros.”
Speaking on behalf of BSW, Jessica Tatti announced that she would vote in favor of the AfD’s motion to remove mass debts from the agenda. While BSW did not submit its own motion, Tatti accused the Left Party of refusing to quickly convene the new Federal Parliament session with the AfD to block the constitutional amendment.
After procedural discussions, the speeches of the “heavyweights” began. SPD leader Lars Klingbeil was the first speaker, mentioning a “historic decision that could show a new direction to the country.”
Claiming that peace in Europe was once again in danger, Klingbeil emphasized that Germany stood by Ukraine.
However, pointing out that the situation had recently deteriorated significantly, the SPD leader said that Germany now had to do its “homework” and stated, “We will do everything we can to protect peace.”
Arguing that the debt brake had made management very difficult in recent years, Klingbeil said that there was now a “historic compromise” to solve this problem.
Klingbeil emphasized that it was a correct signal to show that the “democratic center” could take action, while pointing out that the bill was the largest financial package in the history of the Federal Republic.
“These investments will make our country stronger,” said the SPD leader, suggesting that the majority of Germans would be relieved by the debt package.
Later, CDU leader Friedrich Merz emphasized that there were no “new national goals” in the Federal Parliament: Natural resources have already been protected in the Constitution for 30 years, including “climate neutrality.”
Showing the war in Ukraine as the reason for easing the debt brake, Merz argued that this was also a war against Germany, emphasizing that he would always defend himself against attacks on the “open society.”
Merz emphasized that he wanted to supply the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) with numerous “modern systems” and obtain them from the EU as much as possible, while describing joint borrowing as the “first step” towards a European defense community. The CDU leader also defended “private assets” for infrastructure.
Saying that he wanted “the reduction of bureaucracy” and a state that could move, Merz argued that this would be a good justification for new debts and announced that he would vote in favor of the constitutional amendments today with a “clear conscience.”
Speaking on behalf of the Greens, Britta Haßelmann attacked the Left Party, saying that they did not face the realities in Europe. “Stop slandering the Greens at this point,” said Haßelmann, claiming that the Greens “could not be bought.”
Claiming that the Left Party now had to explain to the citizens “why they were against civil defense,” Haßelmann also addressed Merz directly, saying that “democratic parties” had to regain the public’s trust.
On behalf of the AfD, party and parliamentary group leader Tino Chrupalla spoke. He pointed out that the CDU/CSU and the traffic light coalition had agreed to allow the old Federal Parliament to make important decisions for months.
Pointing out that they were now using the old majorities because they did not have a majority in the new Federal Parliament, Chrupalla said, “What a great show they are putting on for us here.”
Arguing that voters felt betrayed by Merz, the AfD leader said that the CDU leader was only interested in the chancellorship, shouting, “You have no backbone.”
Chrupalla stated that the “special fund” instrument was misused without a need being identified.
Taking the floor, SPD Defense Minister Boris Pistorius argued that advancing German defense was “the order of the day.” Pistorius referred to the changing threat situation due to the war in Ukraine and the US’s focus on the Indo-Pacific region and said, “Our responsibility is increasing, and the burden we have to bear as Europeans is also increasing.”
Saying that Germans would have to play a central role in this regard, the minister said, “This means more soldiers, more equipment, faster operational readiness. In short, the financial needs for this will increase significantly.”
Arguing that this was “about the safety of our children and grandchildren,” Pistorius claimed, “The threat situation comes before the cash situation.”
AfD honorary chairman Alexander Gauland also took the floor and made “a few personal statements.” Reminding that he had previously been involved in politics in the CDU and had been in the same party with Merz for a long time, Gauland argued that the current CDU leader was “a victim of Merkel’s desire for power.”
Noting that he hoped that Germany would have a center-right policy with Merz’s leadership, Gaulan argued that instead, Merz had sacrificed “everything that was still conservative or bourgeois [bürgerlich]” in the CDU.
Predicting that Merz would fail just like the traffic light government, the AfD member said that the likely chancellor only had “yesterday’s answers for tomorrow’s problems.”
Arguing that a real turning point could only be experienced with the AfD, Gaulan said, “As of this week, the Merz CDU is a continuation of the Merkel CDU.”
AfD politician Michael Espendiller said, “The defense budget should also be financed from the normal budget.”
Arguing that the problem was not money but the waste of money, Espendiller reminded that the protection of Bundeswehr barracks only by private security services costs billions of dollars a year and stated that defense projects regularly cost much more than expected.
According to the AfD member, there is a “mentality” in the defense sector as it was 50 years ago, and Germany does not have a revenue problem but a spending problem.
BSW leader Sahra Wagenknecht criticized “climate-labeled war loans,” comparing the ‘CO2 footprint’ of tanks and small cars.
Accusing Merz of pursuing a policy that brings the AfD even closer to an absolute majority because he does not want to talk to the AfD, Wagenknecht accused the CDU leader of “adding fuel to the fire” in the Ukraine war.
Arguing that Germany was now on the way to becoming an “economic dwarf,” the BSW leader complained about “systematic counting errors” against her party in the Federal Parliament elections and argued that if a recount was not carried out, the parliament would lack democratic legitimacy.
At the end of Wagenknecht’s speech, BSW deputies unfurled banners. The banners read, “Not 1914, 2024. NO to war loans.”
Europe
Fico accuses Merz of blackmail over threat to veto EU budget
Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico has hit back after German Chancellor Friedrich Merz threatened to veto the EU budget unless funding for Ukraine is secured.
Merz said he would block the EU’s seven-year budget if no agreement is reached on financial assistance for Ukraine.
The chancellor’s intervention has angered Central European leaders who are net beneficiaries of EU funds but do not want to take part in the next round of funding to support Ukraine’s war effort.
“What the chancellor is doing is typical blackmail, and I will not bow to it,” Fico told reporters in Bratislava.
Fico spoke alongside his Czech counterpart, Andrej Babiš, whose government has refused to participate in a future loan to Ukraine.
“I do not know why he said this,” Babiš said, referring to Merz’s stance.
Merz wants EU leaders to discuss Ukraine’s financing needs at a summit in Dublin on Friday.
In a letter to European Council President António Costa, who will chair the meeting, obtained by The Guardian, Merz wrote:
“We must maintain our support for Ukraine in its struggle to defend itself. This is our shared vital interest. Yet bilateral aid provided to Ukraine is distributed unevenly, with the burden shouldered mostly by only a few member states.”
The EU agreed last year to provide a €90 billion loan to Ukraine, intended to cover two-thirds of its military and civilian spending for 2026 and 2027.
Since then, however, Russia’s relentless bombardment has placed a heavier financial burden on Kyiv, prompting President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to ask for €70 billion to plug the budget deficit.
The EU has endorsed Zelenskyy’s figures and pledged to find €45 billion. Ukraine’s other allies, such as Britain and Canada, are expected to cover the rest.
Last year, Merz launched an initiative to tap €210 billion in frozen Russian state assets held in the EU, but the plan fell through due to opposition led by Belgium, which holds most of the funds in Brussels.
The €90 billion loan was the backup plan. Having opted out of that loan, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czechia indicated that they would not take part in the next round either.
Bulgaria joined these three member states following the election of Prime Minister Rumen Radev last April.
The question of funding for Ukraine is now spilling over into the fraught negotiations on the 2028-34 EU budget.
Germany, the largest net contributor, wants substantial cuts to the proposed budget and opposes the EU providing generous funding to member states that refuse to contribute to Ukraine’s financial needs.
Merz states in his letter that a “collective commitment without exceptions” is a “fundamental prerequisite” for closing Ukraine’s financing gap and for “discussing other matters, particularly those with financial implications.”
He also notes that, in the context of the EU’s next seven-year budget, known as the Multiannual Financial Framework, all member states must contribute to a “robust” financial perspective for Ukraine from 2028 onwards.
A German government official said:
“For the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) to be successfully concluded, it is vital that all EU member states provide financial support to Ukraine.”
Berlin is also aiming to shift decision-making on funding for Ukraine from unanimity to qualified majority voting, in an effort to prevent a single government from blocking EU decisions.
The letter reflects mounting frustration among the EU’s northern member states, Ukraine’s most generous backers, over lower contributions from other EU countries in Central and Southern Europe.
The task of brokering an agreement on the budget falls to Costa, the former Portuguese prime minister.
Costa wants a deal by the end of the year, ahead of elections in France, Poland, and Italy in 2027 that could complicate the process.
A spokesperson for Costa confirmed receipt of the letter without elaborating on details. “President Costa will dedicate time to the Ukraine issue at the informal European Council meeting in Dublin this week,” the spokesperson said, adding that funding for Ukraine would be addressed at a dedicated summit on the EU budget scheduled for 26-27 November.
Europe
EU expects next Israeli government to adopt less aggressive posture
The EU expects the next Israeli government to mend its “difficult relationship” with Brussels and adopt a more constructive approach toward Gaza and illegal settlements.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog tasked Gadi Eisenkot, the leader of the anti-Netanyahu bloc, on Sunday with forming a government.
Eisenkot stated that the country faces a “catastrophic diplomatic crisis” as traditional allies begin to reassess their relations with Israel.
Speaking to Rapporteur, several European diplomats stationed in Tel Aviv said they expect ties to get back on track.
“Whatever government comes in, we can try to revitalize relations because Israel is clearly a very important partner,” one European diplomat said, adding that Brussels expects the next administration to be “less aggressive”.
The diplomat noted that relations with Europe are currently “not very good”.
Israel cut off communication with Kaja Kallas, the EU high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, after Rapporteur revealed in June that she had compared Israel to apartheid-era South Africa during a visit to Mexico.
The diplomat stated that this decision, taken ahead of elections, was political in nature. A second European diplomat based in Brussels explained that the announcement came only a few days before an official visit by Dubravka Šuica, the European commissioner for the Mediterranean.
“This could have been interpreted as a tactic to divide Europe, but Israel had asked Kallas to deny the report; she did not do so,” the second diplomat said.
Brussels has repeatedly voiced its frustration with Israel over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and the expansion of West Bank settlements.
However, EU governments blocked almost all sanctions proposed by the European Commission.
A third diplomat said opposition parties would “almost certainly take the issue more seriously” when it comes to tackling violence by West Bank settlers:
“We see Palestinians being expelled from their homes and new illegal settlements being built in the West Bank. There is a reluctance on the part of the current government to address this issue, which causes problems in our relations.”
The new government is expected to ease pressure on Palestinians and halt construction of the E1 settlement project, a controversial plan to build settler housing in the West Bank east of Jerusalem.
“They will probably try to deal with the problem of extremist settlers in the West Bank,” the diplomat added.
On Gaza, the diplomat described the situation as “a complete nightmare”, with two million Palestinians crowded into an area that accounts for roughly 35% of the territory.
“There are not enough tents for the winter, and not enough vaccines are reaching the area despite an increase in diseases,” the diplomat said.
The European official argued that Donald Trump’s peace plan met all the conditions for Europe. Although the EU had much to offer, neither the US nor Israel appeared interested in EU involvement in the process.
“We are currently training Palestinian police in the West Bank, and if permitted, we could do the same in Gaza,” the diplomat said.
The diplomat disclosed that Israel had agreed with Šuica that Europe would finance two projects aimed at improving sewage and water infrastructure in Gaza, continuing:
“However, none of these projects has started yet because there is a serious problem with dual-use goods. Getting materials into Gaza is very difficult because the Israelis say they could be misused if they fall into the wrong hands of Hamas.”
Israel insists that Hamas must be disarmed before subsequent phases of Trump’s plan can proceed.
With disarmament unlikely to happen in the near term, the EU argues that certain measures can be carried out in parallel.
“We can begin rebuilding sanitation systems in Gaza. We can start building desalination plants. We can begin providing energy and water to Gaza,” one diplomat said.
While Brussels hopes for progress on Gaza and the West Bank, it maintains that expectations regarding the establishment of a Palestinian state need to be “managed”.
The EU continues to advocate a two-state solution, yet most leading Jewish parties oppose the creation of a Palestinian state.
The diplomat noted that the next Israeli government will likely have “a very slim majority and not much room for manoeuvre”.
There is also a “major misunderstanding” between the EU and Israel that must be addressed. According to the diplomat, Europeans fail to recognize the “psychological impact” of 7 October on Israelis.
“This event changed the country and made the two-state solution even more distant than before,” the diplomat said.
In return, some Israeli politicians believe Europe has betrayed Israel despite what they view as a fight against “Islamist terrorism”.
“Their argument is that European politicians are somewhat afraid of the Muslim population in Europe,” the European diplomat said.
Europe strongly opposes Iran and the possibility of Tehran acquiring nuclear weapons, imposing sanctions in response.
However, the diplomat argued that the EU would not participate in a war because it lacks a common army:
“We are a diplomatic and economic power, which is why we resort to sanctions and diplomacy. The expectation that we would take part in a military operation is unrealistic.”
Europe
Germany threatens EU budget veto over long-term Ukraine aid
Germany has threatened to veto the European Union’s joint budget for the 2028-2034 period, which is currently under negotiation, unless every member state commits to providing financial support to Ukraine in 2027 and subsequent years, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz warned.
According to a report by the Financial Times (FT), Chancellor Merz set out Berlin’s condition for the budget talks in a letter addressed to European Council President António Costa.
In his letter, Merz wrote: “A collective commitment that every single one of us, without exception, will make a fair contribution to closing Ukraine’s budget deficit is an indispensable prerequisite for resolving this budget issue and, in particular, for addressing subsequent matters that carry financial implications.”
The German Chancellor stressed that a formula backed by all member states must be established to provide Ukraine with a reliable, multi-year financial perspective starting from 2028.
Merz also insisted that any agreed solution must cover the interest payments on debts incurred to finance the assistance provided to Kyiv.
Conversely, several countries within the bloc have cut financial aid to Ukraine, and the number of capitals adopting this stance is projected to rise next year.
In December 2025, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic approved the EU’s 90 billion euro loan package for Kyiv only on the condition that they would not contribute to its costs themselves.
Alongside these three countries, Bulgaria has also stated that it does not plan to participate in subsequent financial assistance packages for Ukraine.
In France, far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who could potentially win the presidential election scheduled for spring 2027, recently told the FT that Paris has run out of funds.
Le Pen assessed: “The honest approach is to tell Mr Zelensky clearly, and even warn him: ‘Look, we cannot do more. We have already allocated the 90 billion euro EU loan, in which France’s share amounts to 18 billion euros. 18 billion euros is genuinely a huge amount of money.'”
The EU’s 90 billion euro loan, covering the 2026-2027 period, aims to meet two-thirds of Ukraine’s financing requirements.
Brussels expects the remaining 45 billion euros to be covered by other partners, including Canada, the UK, Norway, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.
Germany remains the largest net contributor to the EU budget.
In contrast, the four Eastern European countries seeking to avoid financing Ukraine rank among the largest net beneficiaries of the bloc’s budget.
Leveraging this balance, Chancellor Merz aims to use his influence in the EU budget negotiations to secure uninterrupted support for Kyiv in 2027 and the years beyond.
According to the FT, Berlin is also demanding that future aid packages be decided by qualified majority voting rather than unanimity, which is required under the current system.
A German government spokesperson told the newspaper:
“The issue of Ukraine’s financial needs must be resolved within the framework of the next EU budget. Financial support for Ukraine from all EU members is decisive for the successful conclusion of the budget talks.”
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