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South Korean firms in Vietnam face growing competition from China

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South Korean companies from Samsung Electronics to LG have long led foreign direct investment in Vietnam, making the Southeast Asian country a key manufacturing hub in global supply chains. But they are now being “pushed back” by their Chinese rivals, according to the representative of the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) in the country.

In an interview with Nikkei Asia, KCCI representative Kim Hyong-mo said: “If you look at the cumulative amount of investment in Vietnam since 1988, South Korea ranks first with $85.8 billion, ahead of Singapore and Japan. But in recent years, Korea has been competing neck-and-neck with China,” he said in an interview with the news agency.

South Korea ranks fourth in foreign direct investment in Vietnam, behind Hong Kong, China and Singapore.

South Korean investments announced last year included LG Innotek’s $1 billion investment in Hai Phong to expand production of camera modules.

However, South Korean companies are cautious about new investments due to the global economic slowdown, according to Kim. “Many Korean companies are finding it difficult to expand their investments in Vietnam due to rising labour costs, especially as Chinese companies are also increasing their presence in the country,” he said.

Kim said Vietnam and China were ready to strengthen their ties after Chinese President Xi Jinping issued a declaration to deepen their relationship as a “community of shared future” when he met Vietnamese Communist Party leader Nguyen Phu Trong in Hanoi in December.

Vietnam’s open trade and investment environment, as well as its geopolitical advantages and domestic political stability, will continue to position the country as an attractive investment destination, Kim said.

However, he also cited some challenges affecting investment momentum, such as the rising minimum wage, which will increase by an average of 6% from July, and a shortage of highly skilled labour.

“Vietnam is structurally slow to make policy decisions and there is a significant lack of infrastructure, including electricity. Labour issues, environmental assessments and strict regulations such as the Fire Service Law, which requires high prevention standards in factories, have made it difficult for foreign companies to make investment decisions,” Kim said.

Kim said Vietnam’s recent introduction of a 15 per cent minimum corporate tax, in line with a global agreement, could reduce its attractiveness as an investment destination.

“Vietnam’s decision to introduce a minimum tax is understandable as it aims to increase tax revenue from multinational companies,” Kim said: “However, this move is expected to erode Vietnam’s corporate tax advantages and affect future investment decisions. Unless burden-reducing measures to replace the traditional corporate tax incentives are announced as soon as possible, some companies may be reluctant to invest in Vietnam”.

It is reported that Vietnam’s tax revenue will increase by more than 14.6 trillion dong ($588 million) due to the minimum tax rule, of which 10 trillion dong will be borne by South Korean companies in 2024.

Kim said: “Korean companies with an effective tax rate of less than 15 per cent in Vietnam cannot avoid certain impacts. However, the targets are not limited to Korean companies such as Samsung Electronics and LG,” Kim said, adding that among the 122 companies facing higher tax rates are multinationals such as Intel, Panasonic, Foxconn, Pegatron and Bosch.

Asked about the possibility of South Korean companies relocating to other countries such as India, Kim said: “Against the backdrop of many Korean companies moving from China to Vietnam in search of cheaper labour costs, it is inevitable that labour costs will also rise in Vietnam. However, while there is a need to explore alternative investment destinations to Vietnam, they will not be easy to find”.

He stressed that despite a number of problems, KCCI member companies are not considering pulling out of Vietnam or abandoning their investments: “Korean companies have consolidated their position in Vietnam by continuing their trade, investment and production activities.”

As for the state of Vietnam’s overall economy, Kim said there are now signs of improvement after gross domestic product growth slowed from 8 per cent in 2022 to 5 per cent in 2023. “Improved diplomatic relations between Hanoi and Washington are expected to have a positive impact. In addition, direct investment from multinational companies attracted by China is expected to increase,” he said.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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