Connect with us

Europe

The EU-Western Balkans Summit: ‘Enlargement is EU’s best geostrategic investment’

Avatar photo

Published

on

Ahmetcan Uzlaşık, Brussels

The seventh EU-Western Balkans Summit, happening since the 2018 Sofia Summit, took place in Brussels on December 18th. The event brought together leaders from six Western Balkan nations alongside 27 EU heads of state and government. The summit followed the adoption of enlargement conclusions by the Council of the EU on Tuesday and preceded Thursday’s high-level European Council meeting.

The summit concluded with the Brussels declaration, reaffirming the commitment to a shared future and enlargement.

The EU-Western Balkan Summit took place against a backdrop of heightened geopolitical tensions, particularly due to the Russia-Ukraine war on the eve of Donald Trump’s inauguration and conflicts in the Middle East. Following its last enlargement with Croatia’s membership in 2013, geopolitical developments have since prompted the European Union to intensify its enlargement efforts.

In line with that, The Brussels Declaration, published after the Summit, stated “We share a common future and face urgent challenges that we can only overcome together. We owe it to our citizens to build a future of peace and prosperity, based on shared principles values, and common interests. The summit highlighted the importance of enlargement as a strategic investment in peace and security, as the new European Council President, Former Portugal Prime Minister Antonio Costa said: “Enlargement is the best geostrategic investment in our peace, security, and stability that we all can make.”

The Belgian Prime Minister, De Croo, also reaffirmed this statement by indicating that in today’s geopolitical landscape, it is essential to emphasize that the EU is the Western Balkans’ only true partner and that their aspirations to join the European Union are genuine. However, he warned that concrete steps on reforms should be taken to prevent another 2004 scenario, where ten countries became members of the Union at once.

‘Significant process in Montenegro and Albania’

Costa pointed to the significant progress achieved in the past year, particularly by Montenegro and Albania, as evidence of a “new momentum.” Costa noted a collective sense of responsibility among leaders and a renewed determination to accelerate the process, adding, “We should use this momentum to its fullest and create all the conditions necessary for enlargement because there is no doubt that the future of the Western Balkans is in our Union.”

Before the Summit, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis emphasized the urgency of accelerating Serbia’s path toward EU membership, calling it a cornerstone of stability in the Western Balkans. “It’s time to send a clear message to Serbia and its people: we want Serbia to become part of the European family,” he stated while noting that Serbia must align its foreign policy decisions with those of the EU.

‘Greece is the guardian of Albania’s European trajectory’

On Albania, Mitsotakis positioned Greece as “the guardian of Albania’s European trajectory,” stressing that issues related to the Greek national minority, including property rights and self-identification, are tied to Albania’s EU accession, not just bilateral concerns. He expressed satisfaction with Albania’s recent progress, marking it as a significant step forward.

On the same day of the Summit, the Union and Albania also signed a partnership agreement on security and defense, expanding the cooperation in fighting security menaces.

‘Neighborhood dilemmas and bilateral disputes’ are obstacles

Costa acknowledged the challenges facing the EU-Western Balkans relationship, emphasizing the need to resolve bilateral disputes and neighbourhood dilemmas. “Accession will be merit-based,” while answering a journalist’s question on possible member state blockages in Western Balkan countries.

The Declaration also stressed the critical need for reconciliation and good neighbourly relations, particularly between Pristina and Belgrade. The leaders stressed that the normalization of relations is vital for both parties and a prerequisite for further EU support. The EU urged the implementation of agreements like the Prespa Accord and the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue, warning that further financial support hinges on tangible progress.

The EU also reiterated its commitment to the Green Agenda, urging Western Balkan partners to align their climate policies with EU standards and to work towards decarbonizing the region.

6 Billion euro worth ‘growth plan’

The initiative to double up the economies of the Western Balkans is one of the most ambitious projects.

The EU has launched a Growth Plan on November 8, 2023 to accelerate the socio-economic convergence of Western Balkans. The Plan aims to accelerate the region’s integration by advancing economic convergence, regional cooperation, and reforms. It seeks to integrate Western Balkan partners into the EU’s single market, enhance regional economic ties, and boost socio-economic reforms with increased pre-accession funding.

As von der Leyen stated in the press conference, the EU aims to bring Western Balkan countries closer to the Union level. The economies of Western Balkan countries currently stand at 35% of the EU’s economic level.

Central to the plan is the €6 billion Reform and Growth Facility for 2024-2027, combining grants (2 billion) and concessional loans (4 billion) tied to reform implementation. During the Summit, the leaders called for the swift implementation of Reform Agendas by the partners, which will serve as the foundation for the Growth Plan aimed at doubling economic growth in the region over the next decade.

Mobilizing Western Balkans against Russia

EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas, who is known for her hawk-stance on Moscow, stated before the Summit that Russia “does not want peace,” emphasizing the need for Europe to fully support Ukraine.

She argued that while some seek quick solutions, the reality is that Russia’s stance creates a significant challenge. Strengthening Ukraine on the battlefield will also empower its position in negotiations, which benefits Europe. Kallas also expressed her goal to see significant progress in the EU enlargement process during her five-year term.

The Declaration highlighted unity again, against Russia, by commending Western Balkan partners to be aligned with EU foreign policy, emphasizing the enforcement of sanctions and combating circumvention. The Declaration also stressed “The Western Balkans partners should use the EU’s mechanism for joint purchases of gas and LNG in order to reduce their dependency on Russian gas.”

Migration management and regional security also take centre stage, with calls for stronger visa alignment and crackdowns on organized crime and trafficking. Moreover, combating hybrid threats and disinformation were stressed, as these topics have been placed in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).

As the EU remains the primary investor and trading partner for the Western Balkans, the summit concluded with a strong call for continued alignment with EU values and principles.

The leaders emphasized that actions must speak louder than words, particularly in implementing reform agendas. However, these conditionalities may lead to frustration if tangible results are not achieved promptly. Moreover, the EU’s own political crisis, economic instability, new configuration of the European Parliament and possibly renewed transatlantic relations may affect this ambitious process in the upcoming years.

Sofia to Brussels: Timeline of the EU-Western Balkan summits

2018 Sofia: The first ever EU-Western Balkan summit ended with the Sofia Declaration. It outlined new measures for enhanced cooperation in areas such as the rule of law, good governance, security, migration, socio-economic development and connectivity.

2020 Zagreb: At the Zagreb summit, EU leaders adopted the Zagreb Declaration, reaffirming their support for the Western Balkans’ European perspective and transformation. Leaders also discussed joint efforts to combat COVID-19, support for the health sector, and economic recovery. Due to the pandemic, the summit was held via videoconference.

2021 Brdo: At the Brdo summit on October 6, EU leaders and Western Balkans partners adopted the Brdo Declaration, outlining initiatives to support connectivity, green and digital transitions, and political and security cooperation in the region.

2022 Brussels: EU and Western Balkans leaders met in Brussels on June 23rd, to discuss EU integration progress, challenges from Russia’s war in Ukraine, and key investments under the Western Balkans’ economic and investment plan, as well as geostrategic issues.

2022 Tirana: On December 6, the first-ever EU-Western Balkans summit in the region took place in Tirana. The summit focused on reinforcing the strategic partnership between the EU and the Western Balkans, emphasizing EU integration. Key discussions included tackling the consequences of the Russia-Ukraine War, enhancing political and policy engagement, strengthening security, combating terrorism and organized crime, and addressing migration challenges. The summit concluded with the issuance of the Tirana declaration.

2023 Brussels: On December 13, EU and Western Balkans leaders met in Brussels to reaffirm the region’s EU membership perspective. Key discussions included advancing gradual integration, building an economic foundation for the future with the newly introduced Growth Plan, mitigating the impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine, and strengthening security and resilience. The summit concluded with the issuance of the Brussels Declaration.

These summits brought together the 27 EU member states and six Western Balkan nations so far, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Kosovo.

Europe

Fico accuses Merz of blackmail over threat to veto EU budget

Published

on

Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico has hit back after German Chancellor Friedrich Merz threatened to veto the EU budget unless funding for Ukraine is secured.

Merz said he would block the EU’s seven-year budget if no agreement is reached on financial assistance for Ukraine.

The chancellor’s intervention has angered Central European leaders who are net beneficiaries of EU funds but do not want to take part in the next round of funding to support Ukraine’s war effort.

“What the chancellor is doing is typical blackmail, and I will not bow to it,” Fico told reporters in Bratislava.

Fico spoke alongside his Czech counterpart, Andrej Babiš, whose government has refused to participate in a future loan to Ukraine.

“I do not know why he said this,” Babiš said, referring to Merz’s stance.

Merz wants EU leaders to discuss Ukraine’s financing needs at a summit in Dublin on Friday.

In a letter to European Council President António Costa, who will chair the meeting, obtained by The Guardian, Merz wrote:

“We must maintain our support for Ukraine in its struggle to defend itself. This is our shared vital interest. Yet bilateral aid provided to Ukraine is distributed unevenly, with the burden shouldered mostly by only a few member states.”

The EU agreed last year to provide a €90 billion loan to Ukraine, intended to cover two-thirds of its military and civilian spending for 2026 and 2027.

Since then, however, Russia’s relentless bombardment has placed a heavier financial burden on Kyiv, prompting President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to ask for €70 billion to plug the budget deficit.

The EU has endorsed Zelenskyy’s figures and pledged to find €45 billion. Ukraine’s other allies, such as Britain and Canada, are expected to cover the rest.

Last year, Merz launched an initiative to tap €210 billion in frozen Russian state assets held in the EU, but the plan fell through due to opposition led by Belgium, which holds most of the funds in Brussels.

The €90 billion loan was the backup plan. Having opted out of that loan, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czechia indicated that they would not take part in the next round either.

Bulgaria joined these three member states following the election of Prime Minister Rumen Radev last April.

The question of funding for Ukraine is now spilling over into the fraught negotiations on the 2028-34 EU budget.

Germany, the largest net contributor, wants substantial cuts to the proposed budget and opposes the EU providing generous funding to member states that refuse to contribute to Ukraine’s financial needs.

Merz states in his letter that a “collective commitment without exceptions” is a “fundamental prerequisite” for closing Ukraine’s financing gap and for “discussing other matters, particularly those with financial implications.”

He also notes that, in the context of the EU’s next seven-year budget, known as the Multiannual Financial Framework, all member states must contribute to a “robust” financial perspective for Ukraine from 2028 onwards.

A German government official said:

“For the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) to be successfully concluded, it is vital that all EU member states provide financial support to Ukraine.”

Berlin is also aiming to shift decision-making on funding for Ukraine from unanimity to qualified majority voting, in an effort to prevent a single government from blocking EU decisions.

The letter reflects mounting frustration among the EU’s northern member states, Ukraine’s most generous backers, over lower contributions from other EU countries in Central and Southern Europe.

The task of brokering an agreement on the budget falls to Costa, the former Portuguese prime minister.

Costa wants a deal by the end of the year, ahead of elections in France, Poland, and Italy in 2027 that could complicate the process.

A spokesperson for Costa confirmed receipt of the letter without elaborating on details. “President Costa will dedicate time to the Ukraine issue at the informal European Council meeting in Dublin this week,” the spokesperson said, adding that funding for Ukraine would be addressed at a dedicated summit on the EU budget scheduled for 26-27 November.

Continue Reading

Europe

EU expects next Israeli government to adopt less aggressive posture

Published

on

The EU expects the next Israeli government to mend its “difficult relationship” with Brussels and adopt a more constructive approach toward Gaza and illegal settlements.

Israeli President Isaac Herzog tasked Gadi Eisenkot, the leader of the anti-Netanyahu bloc, on Sunday with forming a government.

Eisenkot stated that the country faces a “catastrophic diplomatic crisis” as traditional allies begin to reassess their relations with Israel.

Speaking to Rapporteur, several European diplomats stationed in Tel Aviv said they expect ties to get back on track.

“Whatever government comes in, we can try to revitalize relations because Israel is clearly a very important partner,” one European diplomat said, adding that Brussels expects the next administration to be “less aggressive”.

The diplomat noted that relations with Europe are currently “not very good”.

Israel cut off communication with Kaja Kallas, the EU high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, after Rapporteur revealed in June that she had compared Israel to apartheid-era South Africa during a visit to Mexico.

The diplomat stated that this decision, taken ahead of elections, was political in nature. A second European diplomat based in Brussels explained that the announcement came only a few days before an official visit by Dubravka Šuica, the European commissioner for the Mediterranean.

“This could have been interpreted as a tactic to divide Europe, but Israel had asked Kallas to deny the report; she did not do so,” the second diplomat said.

Brussels has repeatedly voiced its frustration with Israel over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and the expansion of West Bank settlements.

However, EU governments blocked almost all sanctions proposed by the European Commission.

A third diplomat said opposition parties would “almost certainly take the issue more seriously” when it comes to tackling violence by West Bank settlers:

“We see Palestinians being expelled from their homes and new illegal settlements being built in the West Bank. There is a reluctance on the part of the current government to address this issue, which causes problems in our relations.”

The new government is expected to ease pressure on Palestinians and halt construction of the E1 settlement project, a controversial plan to build settler housing in the West Bank east of Jerusalem.

“They will probably try to deal with the problem of extremist settlers in the West Bank,” the diplomat added.

On Gaza, the diplomat described the situation as “a complete nightmare”, with two million Palestinians crowded into an area that accounts for roughly 35% of the territory.

“There are not enough tents for the winter, and not enough vaccines are reaching the area despite an increase in diseases,” the diplomat said.

The European official argued that Donald Trump’s peace plan met all the conditions for Europe. Although the EU had much to offer, neither the US nor Israel appeared interested in EU involvement in the process.

“We are currently training Palestinian police in the West Bank, and if permitted, we could do the same in Gaza,” the diplomat said.

The diplomat disclosed that Israel had agreed with Šuica that Europe would finance two projects aimed at improving sewage and water infrastructure in Gaza, continuing:

“However, none of these projects has started yet because there is a serious problem with dual-use goods. Getting materials into Gaza is very difficult because the Israelis say they could be misused if they fall into the wrong hands of Hamas.”

Israel insists that Hamas must be disarmed before subsequent phases of Trump’s plan can proceed.

With disarmament unlikely to happen in the near term, the EU argues that certain measures can be carried out in parallel.

“We can begin rebuilding sanitation systems in Gaza. We can start building desalination plants. We can begin providing energy and water to Gaza,” one diplomat said.

While Brussels hopes for progress on Gaza and the West Bank, it maintains that expectations regarding the establishment of a Palestinian state need to be “managed”.

The EU continues to advocate a two-state solution, yet most leading Jewish parties oppose the creation of a Palestinian state.

The diplomat noted that the next Israeli government will likely have “a very slim majority and not much room for manoeuvre”.

There is also a “major misunderstanding” between the EU and Israel that must be addressed. According to the diplomat, Europeans fail to recognize the “psychological impact” of 7 October on Israelis.

“This event changed the country and made the two-state solution even more distant than before,” the diplomat said.

In return, some Israeli politicians believe Europe has betrayed Israel despite what they view as a fight against “Islamist terrorism”.

“Their argument is that European politicians are somewhat afraid of the Muslim population in Europe,” the European diplomat said.

Europe strongly opposes Iran and the possibility of Tehran acquiring nuclear weapons, imposing sanctions in response.

However, the diplomat argued that the EU would not participate in a war because it lacks a common army:

“We are a diplomatic and economic power, which is why we resort to sanctions and diplomacy. The expectation that we would take part in a military operation is unrealistic.”

Continue Reading

Europe

Germany threatens EU budget veto over long-term Ukraine aid

Published

on

Germany has threatened to veto the European Union’s joint budget for the 2028-2034 period, which is currently under negotiation, unless every member state commits to providing financial support to Ukraine in 2027 and subsequent years, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz warned.

According to a report by the Financial Times (FT), Chancellor Merz set out Berlin’s condition for the budget talks in a letter addressed to European Council President António Costa.

In his letter, Merz wrote: “A collective commitment that every single one of us, without exception, will make a fair contribution to closing Ukraine’s budget deficit is an indispensable prerequisite for resolving this budget issue and, in particular, for addressing subsequent matters that carry financial implications.”

The German Chancellor stressed that a formula backed by all member states must be established to provide Ukraine with a reliable, multi-year financial perspective starting from 2028.

Merz also insisted that any agreed solution must cover the interest payments on debts incurred to finance the assistance provided to Kyiv.

Conversely, several countries within the bloc have cut financial aid to Ukraine, and the number of capitals adopting this stance is projected to rise next year.

In December 2025, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic approved the EU’s 90 billion euro loan package for Kyiv only on the condition that they would not contribute to its costs themselves.

Alongside these three countries, Bulgaria has also stated that it does not plan to participate in subsequent financial assistance packages for Ukraine.

In France, far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who could potentially win the presidential election scheduled for spring 2027, recently told the FT that Paris has run out of funds.

Le Pen assessed: “The honest approach is to tell Mr Zelensky clearly, and even warn him: ‘Look, we cannot do more. We have already allocated the 90 billion euro EU loan, in which France’s share amounts to 18 billion euros. 18 billion euros is genuinely a huge amount of money.'”

The EU’s 90 billion euro loan, covering the 2026-2027 period, aims to meet two-thirds of Ukraine’s financing requirements.

Brussels expects the remaining 45 billion euros to be covered by other partners, including Canada, the UK, Norway, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.

Germany remains the largest net contributor to the EU budget.

In contrast, the four Eastern European countries seeking to avoid financing Ukraine rank among the largest net beneficiaries of the bloc’s budget.

Leveraging this balance, Chancellor Merz aims to use his influence in the EU budget negotiations to secure uninterrupted support for Kyiv in 2027 and the years beyond.

According to the FT, Berlin is also demanding that future aid packages be decided by qualified majority voting rather than unanimity, which is required under the current system.

A German government spokesperson told the newspaper:

“The issue of Ukraine’s financial needs must be resolved within the framework of the next EU budget. Financial support for Ukraine from all EU members is decisive for the successful conclusion of the budget talks.”

Continue Reading

MOST READ

Turkey