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Afghanistan infrastructure and agriculture

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Over the course of the US occupation of Afghanistan, which began 20 years ago till August 2021, the US has invested billions of dollars in major infrastructure projects, schools, hospitals, water and energy facilities as well as construction of thousands of miles of roads.

Indeed now Afghanistan has miles of asphalt roads, but not across Afghanistan, Afghans in provinces and rural areas still travel on poor roads. The same applies in schools, the Afghans were lacking schools, even in Kabul the capital city and regards to hospitals, there were several reports that US forces targeted hospitals and killed patients. After the incident the US forces called it a mistaken operation. Several hospitals were built but there were no treatment facilities, and no beds. Regarding water and energy, the Afghans are still scrambling with the lack of potable water.

Water and electricity shortages

On 8 of September, the residents of Kabul city said they are facing shortages of drinking water. One of the residents, Ahmad said that he walks everyday for about 30 minutes to bring drinking water home. Taliban said they have a plan to bring water to Kabul from Panjshir province and the project costs between $120 to $150 million to annually transfer 120 million cubic meters of water to Kabul. And in regards to energy, Afghanistan is still facing a huge difficulty in terms of electricity. Afghanistan imports 78% of its electricity from abroad. Afghanistan’s state power company Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS) in October of 2021, appealed for $90 million to settle nearly three months of unpaid electricity bills. DABAS said that the neighboring states have the right to cut the power because they did not pay money to them but we convinced them that they pay them. Afghanistan usually pays $20-$25 million a month to Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran for electricity.

US against hydroelectric dams in Afghanistan

Once there was a report that a top US official said that they don’t have a plan to build hydroelectric dams to produce energy, and told the Afghan officials to use imported electricity and generators to produce electricity. Afghanistan has several dams and the money that was spent on buying electricity from neighboring countries, was better spent on operationalizing these dams. Reportedly the US official was Robert Gates, the former US defense secretary who opposed the idea of building dams in Afghanistan.

Dahla Dam in southern Afghanistan

The US also did not help to improve the agriculture sector in Afghanistan as well, despite knowing the fact that Afghanistan is an agricultural land and over 40% of the population engaged in agricultural activities and 77% percent of Afghans in rural areas were engaged in farming. There was some work, but not a fundamental one. Irrigation system was also very poor and many farmers were complaining about the lack of water.

US spent $145 billion dollars in Afghanistan reconstruction

According to the SIGAR report, the US has spent 145 billion dollars in the reconstruction of Afghanistan over the past twenty years, which is considerably more than the Marshall Plan’s budget for the reconstruction of sixteen European nations. But the ground reality is speaking today of a fact that these money were either ended up in the pocket of corrupt US and Afghan officials or transformed back to US through various ghost projects.

Indeed, After September 11, 2001, Afghanistan’s economy did grow, but fundamental work in this sector was not done. The World Bank report shows Afghanistan’s GDP from 2002 to 2014; the graph increases and reaches from 4 billion to 20 billion dollars, but then it declines once again.

Afghanistan’s GDP per year according to the World Bank’s report

  • 4 billion dollars in 2002
  • 4.5 billion dollars in 2003
  • 5.23 billion dollars in 2004
  • 6.21 billion dollars in 2005
  • 6.97 billion dollars in 2006
  • 9.75 billion dollars in 2007
  • 10.11 billion dollars in 2008
  • 12.42 billion dollars in 2009
  • 15.86 billion dollars in 2010
  • 17.81 billion dollars in 2011
  • 19.91 billion dollars in 2012
  • 20.15 billion dollars in 2013
  • 20.5 billion dollars in 2014
  • 19.13 billion dollars in 2015
  • 18.12 billion dollars in 2016
  • 18.75 billion dollars in 2017
  • 18.5 billion dollars in 2018
  • 18.8 billion dollars in 2019
  • 20.12 billion dollars in 2020
  • 15 billion dollars in 2021

Afghans fragile economy

However, with the withdrawal of US forces and the collapse of the republic administration, Afghanistan’s economy was abruptly on the brink of collapse and especially after seizing $9b in Afghan assets by the US, several infrastructure projects that had been started with government funds were not finished. The US has never supported fundamental projects, even the work of large regional projects such as CASA-1000, TAP and TAPI started over six years ago, have not been completed so far.

The TAPI project, which was launched by the leaders of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, and India in December 2015, was supposed to be operationalized by the end of 2019, but is yet to finish. Currently the practical work on this project has been halted and it is unclear when the gas pipeline will pass through Afghanistan to provide the country with gas, and also help Pakistan and India in transforming gas through a pipeline.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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