Europe
Dollar-pegged stablecoins threaten the euro’s global ambitions, ECB warns
The rise of dollar-pegged stablecoins threatens the EU’s efforts to elevate the euro’s global position, raising concerns that it could ultimately weaken the European Central Bank’s (ECB) control over the economy.
These remarks from three ECB officials, who spoke to POLITICO, followed a seminar on stablecoins—cryptocurrencies pegged to the value of official currencies—held concurrently with the bank’s regular policy meeting in July.
Policymakers have begun to scrutinize these fast-growing digital assets more closely, as their market value has surged from $125 billion to approximately $255 billion in two years. About 99% of this value is pegged to the US dollar.
Officials fear that the increasing adoption of stablecoins will reinforce the dollar’s dominance in the global financial system, dashing hopes that the euro could become a serious competitor to the US currency.
“This trend undermines efforts to strengthen the international role of the euro and the geopolitical influence that comes with it,” said a Governing Council member who spoke on the condition of anonymity.
The recent US-EU trade agreement once again highlighted how the US’s dominance over the global financial system affects the transatlantic power balance.
Aware of Europe’s subordinate position, ECB President Christine Lagarde had previously urged European leaders to seize the “euro opportunity” presented by shifts in the global order to strengthen the single currency’s role.
While the US administration undermines international confidence with uncontrolled budget deficits, erratic trade policy, and political interference in the reporting of economic data and monetary policy, it supports the development of dollar-linked stablecoins to bolster the dollar.
Most current stablecoin activity is concentrated in emerging markets, prompting ECB board member Piero Cipollone to warn of the “destabilizing effects” of “digital dollarization,” particularly on emerging markets and less developed economies.
However, ECB officials warn that if European consumers turn overwhelmingly to dollar-backed digital assets, it could pose a significant risk to the control of the money supply in the Eurozone.
“If US dollar stablecoins become widely used for payments, savings, or settlement in the Eurozone, the ECB’s control over monetary policy could be weakened,” warned Jürgen Schaaf, a long-time digital euro advisor in the ECB’s Market Infrastructure and Payments department, in a blog post last week. “Without a strategic response, Europe’s monetary sovereignty and financial stability could be undermined.”
For years, ECB officials have described the launch of a digital euro as Europe’s most effective response to the threat posed by foreign digital currencies.
The goal is to offer a reliable, euro-denominated alternative that would make it safer and easier for citizens and businesses to remain within the Eurozone’s monetary framework. A digital euro would offer the advantages of digital currencies without the risk of currency substitution.
Lagarde has intensified her efforts to advance the project, urging lawmakers to act quickly. In a speech to the European Parliament in June, she stated the “strategic priority” of addressing the risks posed by stablecoins, emphasizing the need to “swiftly establish a legal framework that will pave the way for the potential launch of a digital euro.”
According to one member, the Governing Council remains skeptical of stablecoins, echoing the Bank for International Settlements’ concerns that they do not meet the standards of “sound money” and are subject to inadequate regulation.
However, another colleague acknowledged that euro-pegged stablecoins could play a limited role in bridging the two systems until the digital euro is launched.
The launch of the digital euro could take several years. Similarly, Schaaf noted that stablecoins “can meet legitimate market needs” and “could strengthen the international role of the euro.”
There is generally a broad division between politically left- and right-leaning economists, with the latter being more open to supporting a technology largely developed by the private sector.
Economists Jens van’t Klooster, Edoardo Martino, and Eric Monnet believe that imitating the US stablecoin model would be a strategic mistake.
“Given the dollar’s current advantage, this is neither realistic nor is the euroization of third countries via risky stablecoins a good thing for the EU,” they wrote in their recent article for the Centre for Economic Policy Research.
Instead, they urged Brussels to focus on positioning the euro as a globally trusted and secure asset, supported by robust institutions and regulations.
“Third countries could use the euro to offset the risk of stablecoin-induced dollarization, which would in turn increase long-term demand for the single currency,” the authors argued, advocating for the EU to continue promoting the internationalization of the euro as a safe asset that can be held without restriction.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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