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EU-Mercosur free trade agreement signed

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen took a significant step last Friday by signing a landmark trade agreement with the South American bloc Mercosur.

“Today is truly a historic milestone,” von der Leyen stated after summit talks with the leaders of Mercosur in Montevideo, Uruguay.

The agreement focuses on reducing trade barriers. Tariffs on 91% of products traded between the EU and Mercosur will be gradually eliminated. According to European Commission calculations, this will result in annual savings of approximately €4 billion for European exporters.

South America has a competitive edge in agricultural raw materials and resources critical for climate transformation, while Europe specializes in supplying cars, machinery, and chemical products.

The EU is Mercosur’s second-largest trading partner after China, accounting for 15% of the bloc’s trade volume, compared to China’s 24% share.

Recently, trade volume for goods between the EU and Mercosur reached approximately €110 billion, representing about 2% of the EU’s total foreign trade.

The agreement, negotiated over 25 years, would establish a free trade zone encompassing more than 750 million people. However, it faces strong opposition from France, which fears cheap poultry and beef imports could harm its farmers.

Mercosur imposes some of the world’s highest external tariffs 35% on cars, 14-18% on car parts, 14-20% on machinery, and 18% on chemicals.

Under the agreement, 91% of these tariffs will be abolished, while the EU will eliminate 92% of its own import duties.

The EU also anticipates significant benefits from enhanced access to state infrastructure tenders and expanded market access in sectors like postal and logistics services, telecommunications, and finance.

In contrast to France, Germany has welcomed the deal. The Federation of German Industries (BDI) President Siegfried Russwurm hailed the agreement as a much-needed boost for German and European economies.

As of 2023, German exports to Mercosur totaled approximately $16 billion, leading EU countries. Germany’s exports are followed by those of Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Customs reductions could save German companies €400-500 million annually. According to the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (DIHK), 12,500 German companies export to Mercosur, with 72% being small and medium-sized enterprises. These exports support 244,000 jobs in Germany.

This agreement, which von der Leyen failed to secure during her first term, represents a major geopolitical victory as she embarks on her second term.

The deal aims to deepen ties between the EU and Mercosur members Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and new member Bolivia, amid rising global trade tensions.

At a joint press conference, von der Leyen emphasized: “We are sending a clear and strong message. We are showing that democracies can trust each other in an increasingly confrontational world. This agreement is not only an economic opportunity; it is also a political necessity.”

The visit of von der Leyen and EU trade chief Maroš Šefčovič to Uruguay to finalize the deal sparked unrest in France, where the government had fallen just hours earlier.

France is expected to intensify its opposition but will need to expand its coalition, which already includes Poland, Austria, and Ireland, to block the deal’s ratification.

French Trade Minister Sophie Primas stated: “France’s voice remains strong in Europe. We are not alone in opposing Mercosur in its current form. We can achieve a blocking minority.”

Paraguayan President Santiago Peña plans to visit France to convince President Emmanuel Macron to support the agreement. Meanwhile, Italy’s stance remains undecided, with Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni signaling conditional approval based on guarantees and compensation for the agricultural sector in the event of market imbalances.

As a major EU member, Italy’s decision could significantly impact the agreement’s fate.

The conclusion of political negotiations marks an important milestone for the EU-Mercosur agreement. However, the process is far from complete.

The finalized text will be published next week, allowing EU member states to express their views. It must undergo legal scrutiny and translation, which could take months.

To expedite the process, Brussels may separate the trade chapter from the political and cooperation pillar. This approach, if adopted, would require approval only from the EU Council and Parliament, bypassing the need for unanimity among member states.

Alternatively, full ratification of the agreement would require a qualified majority in the Council of Ministers (at least 15 countries representing 65% of the EU population). The political and cooperation pillar would require ratification by all national parliaments, potentially delaying implementation for years.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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