Handelsblatt, one of Germany’s leading business newspapers, recently surveyed business leaders and readers on their views regarding a potential AfD-CDU coalition.

The discussion gained momentum after Christian Reber, a prominent start-up entrepreneur, publicly urged the CDU to consider a coalition with the AfD “under certain conditions.”

“Be open to a coalition with the AfD, provided that no explicitly right-wing extremist party member holds political responsibility,” Reber wrote in a post to CDU leader Friedrich Merz on X (formerly Twitter) two weeks ago. Reber further emphasized the need for a “German, citizen-oriented, and European policy” through cooperation with the AfD.

Reber, who sold his online start-up Wunderlist to Microsoft for a significant sum in 2015, sparked wider debate among German entrepreneurs and political observers.

Christian Miele, a member of the renowned Gütersloh-based Miele family and former chairman of a business start-up association, also criticized the CDU’s “firewall” against the AfD.

“The AfD is my opponent and must not be allowed to assume government responsibility,” Miele told the Süddeutsche Zeitung. He added that he strongly opposes the party but believes the phenomenon warrants more open discussion.

Miele warned of another “four years of lazy compromises” if the status quo persists, suggesting that the AfD could emerge as Germany’s leading party in the 2029 elections.

Frank Thelen, an investor widely recognized from the TV start-up show Die Höhle der Löwen, echoed these concerns, stating, “Nobody wants a strong AfD, but at the moment, the electorate may leave us no choice but to bring their democratic voices together in a functioning government.”

Readers weigh in: Mixed reactions to an AfD-CDU coalition

Handelsblatt readers offered a range of opinions on the matter, with many voicing cautious support for collaboration.

One reader remarked that the AfD is a “democratically elected party” and that ignoring the will of approximately 20% of German voters is inherently undemocratic. Another commented, “In a democracy, the voice of the citizens must be heard. Democracy must withstand different currents.”

“The CDU’s firewall against the AfD defeats the purpose of democracy,” a reader asserted, summarizing a sentiment shared by others.

Some readers suggested that an AfD-CDU coalition could serve as a litmus test. “A coalition in Brandenburg would have shown whether fears about the AfD as a governing partner were justified or unfounded,” noted one commentator.

However, others expressed strong opposition. Referring to Germany’s history, one reader warned against collaboration with a party that “sympathizes with the dictatorships of this world.” Another dismissed the idea on principle, stating that a coalition with an “unpredictable party” like the AfD would be “a risky balancing act,” particularly in the wake of uncertainty caused by the current traffic light coalition.

Authorities in Germany are preparing to convert underground stations and other public buildings into bomb shelters, citing the growing risk of war with Russia.

According to Bild newspaper, the Federal Office for Civil Protection is actively researching public spaces that could be repurposed as shelters. The agency also plans to launch an app to help residents locate nearby shelters during emergencies.

The German public will be encouraged to build private shelters in their homes, particularly in basements. This shift comes after Germany reduced its public shelter network in 2007, when authorities deemed it unnecessary.

Currently, Germany—a country with a population of 84.4 million people—has only 579 public shelters, capable of accommodating just 500,000 individuals.

Ralph Tiesler, head of the Federal Office for Civil Protection, emphasized the urgency of the situation, warning that it could take years to rebuild a robust network of shelters. He called for faster solutions to address potential threats.

To expedite preparations, authorities have begun compiling a comprehensive list of potential shelter sites, including underground stations, offices, and other public buildings. In addition, they are developing a civil protection app with a live map showing the nearest available shelters. A public awareness campaign is also being planned to educate citizens on self-protection measures.

The opposition Christian Democrats (CDU) criticized the government’s preparedness for Russian air strikes, urging an immediate increase in shelter capacity. CDU MP Andrea Lindholz stated, “Although we hope that such a situation will not arise, we must be prepared to protect the population in an emergency. We need to significantly increase shelter capacity in Germany.”

Lindholz pointed to Poland as a proactive example. Starting in 2026, Poland will require all new buildings to include access to emergency shelters. The country has also identified temporary shelters such as underground stations and tunnels to protect its entire population.

For comparison, the British research organization Subterranea Britannica reports that the United Kingdom has 276 bunkers designed to safeguard the population during a nuclear attack.

Eurozone business activity fell sharply in November, raising the likelihood of a half-percentage-point interest rate cut by the European Central Bank (ECB) in December.

The Eurozone Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), a widely watched economic indicator, unexpectedly dropped to 48.1 points, a 10-month low, according to estimates released on Friday by Hamburger Handelsbank. This reading is below the critical 50-point threshold that separates growth from contraction. Analysts had anticipated no change from last month’s neutral reading of 50.

“In the medium term, the outlook is gloomy, particularly due to the potential impact of [US President-elect Donald] Trump’s tariff policy on European growth,” said Christophe Boucher, chief investment officer at ABN AMRO Investment Solutions, in a note to clients quoted by the Financial Times (FT).

Rate cut already priced in

Investors reacted swiftly, with markets increasingly pricing in the possibility of a larger rate cut at the ECB’s 12 December meeting. The probability of a half-point cut nearly doubled to 55%, as implied by swap markets.

The weaker-than-expected business activity data also impacted the euro, which fell more than 1% to $1.033, marking its lowest level against the dollar since the energy supply crisis of late 2022.

Both the manufacturing sector and the services sector contracted in November, with the latter posting its lowest activity levels in 10 months.

“The eurozone manufacturing sector is sinking deeper into recession, and now the services sector is starting to struggle after two months of marginal growth,” said Cyrus de la Rubia, chief economist at HCOB, which publishes the index with S&P Global.

Recession likely to extend into early 2025

The PMI survey, regarded as one of the most reliable leading indicators of economic activity in the euro area, is closely monitored by monetary policymakers. Recent months have seen growing concerns within the ECB about sluggish growth and a faster-than-expected decline in inflation.

In the third quarter of 2024, the euro area’s economy grew by just 0.4% quarter-on-quarter. The ECB responded in October with its second consecutive quarter-point rate cut, bringing interest rates down to 3.25%.

So far, markets have broadly expected policymakers to implement additional quarter-point rate cuts over the next four meetings. However, November’s poor data has heightened fears of a recession, particularly for the last quarter of 2024 and the first quarter of 2025.

Commerzbank economist Ralph Solveen described the latest PMI figures as a “palpable setback” for hopes of a near-term recovery, adding that a recession now seems inevitable.

German exports continue to decline

Germany, the eurozone’s largest economy, has faced even worse-than-expected economic challenges. On Friday, Destatis, the German federal statistical office, halved its forecast for real GDP growth in the third quarter to 0.1%, following a 0.3% contraction in the second quarter.

Weak foreign trade played a significant role, with exports declining by 1.9% quarter-on-quarter, while imports rose marginally by 0.2%. The trend persisted in October, with exports to non-EU countries plummeting by 6.9%, according to a separate statement from Destatis.

“Germany has entered a protracted recessionary phase in a roundabout way,” said Andreas Scheuerle, an economist at Deka Bank in Frankfurt. He noted that a combination of cyclical and structural problems is weighing heavily on the EU’s largest economy, describing the situation as “poisonous.”