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Germany’s economy shrank more than expected due to weak industry

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The German economy has shrunk again, with its gross domestic product (GDP) contracting more than anticipated. The primary reason for this downturn was weak industrial production.

The Federal Statistical Office announced today (August 22) that gross domestic product fell by 0.3% in the April-to-June period compared to the previous quarter.

Initial estimates had projected a decline of only 0.1%.

The revision was explained by the fact that “industrial production, in particular, developed worse than initially estimated.”

In the first three months of the year, growth had reached 0.3%.

Meanwhile, the German government’s financial situation has improved: according to preliminary data from the Federal Statistical Office, the treasury spent 28.9 billion euros more than it received in revenue during the first six months of this year.

However, the government deficit saw a significant year-over-year reduction of 19.4 billion euros, as social security contributions and tax revenues grew faster than government spending.

Relative to total economic output, the combined deficit of the federal government, states, municipalities, and social security funds was 1.3% in the first half of 2024.

The Bundesbank does not expect growth in this summer quarter either. According to its latest monthly report, Europe’s largest economy will stagnate.

“The bleak outlook for global trade, the still weak order situation, and low capacity utilization will continue to negatively affect corporate investment,” the report stated. No strong momentum is expected from the construction sector for the economy.

As reported by Handelsblatt, IMK Institute director Sebastian Dullien is more optimistic. Dullien said, “Early indicators such as company surveys, construction permits, and incoming orders suggest that economic growth will accelerate in the second half of the year. Announced public investments and improved depreciation conditions should stimulate private investment, and rising wages along with lower inflation are expected to lead to a recovery in private consumption.”

In addition, weak expectations in the labor market and a slowdown in wage growth have negatively impacted private consumption. Service providers also remained generally stagnant.

On the other hand, according to a survey of companies by financial services provider S&P Global, the private sector purchasing managers’ index, which includes industry and services, unexpectedly rose by 0.3 points to 50.9 points in August. This is the best figure since March.

Thus, the barometer remained above the 50-point mark, which indicates growth, for the third consecutive month.

Cyrus de la Rubia, Chief Economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank (HCOB), commented on this development: “We are only talking about moderate growth here, but we see this development as a sign of resilience. After all, there is no shortage of adverse conditions, such as US tariffs, geopolitical uncertainty, and relatively high long-term interest rates.”

According to the Federal Statistical Office’s revised calculations, German economic output contracted even more significantly in 2023 and 2024 than initially reported. The statistics show a 0.9% decline for 2023 (previously: 0.3%), while gross domestic product decreased by 0.5% (0.2%) in 2024.

According to the latest calculations from the Federal Statistical Office, the government deficit rose to 115.6 billion euros last year. Relative to total economic output, the deficit was 2.7% according to the latest figures, compared to 2.5% in 2023.

The European Stability and Growth Pact allows EU countries a budget deficit not exceeding 3% and total borrowing not exceeding 60% of nominal gross domestic product. In Germany, gross debt reached 62.5% of GDP in 2024.

In June, production in the manufacturing sector (industry, construction, and energy production) fell by 1.9%.

The production index fell to its lowest level since May 2020, shortly after the outbreak of the pandemic and the subsequent lockdown measures.

Furthermore, existing orders do not offer hope that this weak period will end soon.

According to the Bundesbank, more than three-quarters of the loss in market share is due to a significant deterioration in the competitiveness of German exporters.

A few days ago, the Ifo Institute also confirmed this view: a quarter of German industrial companies report that their competitiveness against companies in non-EU countries has decreased.

Compared to their competitors within the EU, one in eight companies believes its competitiveness has diminished.

The Ifo Institute states that German industry is grappling with structural disadvantages. The result: many companies are losing market share.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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