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Is Germany preparing for war by reinstating conscription?

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The German army has been trying to increase its personnel in recent years amid rhetoric of war with Russia. Although the goal is to soon raise the current number of 180,000 soldiers to 200,000, even this figure is insufficient to meet NATO’s growing defense demands.

According to Defense Minister Boris Pistorius, the actual number needed is 260,000. To reach this target, he has proposed a new military service model primarily based on volunteerism.

He aims to attract young people to the army with financial incentives, better working conditions, and modern advertising campaigns. But will this be enough? If not, the reinstatement of compulsory military service, suspended in 2011, could be on the table.

Polls show that a majority of Germans are receptive to this idea. However, the issue is far more complex than it appears.

A race against time: Will the hybrid model be enough?

The new model proposed by Pistorius has a hybrid structure. While volunteerism is prioritized, the door to compulsory service is left ajar in case the targets are not met.

Although this seems like a logical step at first glance, the main criticism concerns timing. The time required to see and evaluate whether the volunteer system works could be one to two years, or even more.

However, neither Germany nor other NATO countries have that much time to wait.

Germany’s massive personnel needs in numbers

So, how many soldiers does Germany actually need? According to NATO’s current war plans, Germany is expected to have a force of 260,000 active-duty soldiers and approximately 200,000 reservists by 2035.

Considering the current 181,000 active-duty soldiers and an estimated reservist count of around 60,000 at best, the magnitude of the target is clear.

The admission by former Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer of the Green Party that abolishing compulsory military service was a mistake, and the fact that three-quarters of the public supports its reintroduction in polls, raises questions about why politicians are so hesitant.

The impasse created by constitutional hurdles and generational differences

This is rooted in both legal and political obstacles. A simple majority in parliament is sufficient to reactivate the old, suspended law. However, that law only applied to men.

How fair would a compulsory military service be under today’s conditions if it excluded women? If women are to be included, it would require a constitutional amendment, and achieving this with the current parliamentary arithmetic is nearly impossible.

Furthermore, the reliability of the poll results is debatable. Yes, there appears to be general support, but when broken down by age groups, it becomes clear that those who support conscription are mostly older individuals who would not be affected. The younger generations are much more divided on the issue.

Will women also be conscripted?

Who should a potential compulsory military service cover? The idea that women should also share this responsibility in 2025 is gaining increasing acceptance. Pistorius’s proposal takes a tentative step in this direction by stipulating that women can also answer the distributed questionnaires “on a voluntary basis.”

However, the fact that it is not mandatory for women to respond fuels the debate on equality.

On the other hand, while it is logical for this service to primarily target young people, it seems inevitable that older age groups will also have to be part of the equation, especially considering the need for reserve personnel.

Germany’s ability to meet these personnel targets will directly affect its position within NATO. While the procurement of equipment and materials has been discussed for years, the importance of the personnel who will use this equipment was long overlooked in the Zeitenwende, or “turning point,” discussions.

The math doesn’t lie: Volunteerism alone is insufficient

However, it seems mathematically unlikely that a system based on volunteerism can reach the target of 260,000 soldiers.

Although the proposal includes a minor compulsory element, such as the requirement for men to respond to the questionnaires, the system is fundamentally based on volunteerism.

Therefore, it is anticipated that politicians will eventually have to introduce stronger compulsory elements.

What can be done to make the German army more attractive in the meantime? Steps like social media campaigns and raising salaries to around 2,000 euros are important.

But one of the most critical issues is infrastructure. The poor conditions in the barracks, which have been highlighted in reports for years, need urgent improvement. Without modern and livable barracks, attracting young people to the army will be very difficult.

Starting from scratch: The infrastructure problem with conscription

If compulsory military service is reinstated, one of the biggest challenges will again be infrastructure. There are not enough barracks, trainers, or recruitment offices to house, train, and direct the thousands of new soldiers. These systems need to be built from scratch or modernized.

Sweden is often cited as an example in this context. However, the Swedish model is often misunderstood in Germany. Sweden has compulsory military service, but because the number of people willing to serve voluntarily meets the demand, very few individuals are conscripted each year. Germany’s current plan does not fully align with this model.

Finally, alongside all these military preparations, an important question is how prepared the civilian population is for a crisis or war. Germany is still at the beginning of this journey.

Defense Minister Pistorius had stated, “We must be ready for war by 2029.” Although this date is based on intelligence assessments, it is uncertain whether this goal can be achieved, given the shortfalls in both personnel and equipment.

While the return of compulsory military service in the near future seems like a logical necessity, how quickly the political will to take this step will materialize remains a major question.

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Mutual accusations of blackmail and assault overshadow AfD state election congress in Germany

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The Alternative for Germany (AfD) state congress in North Rhine-Westphalia ended in chaos on Sunday.

During the selection of the 22nd position on the candidate list for next year’s state elections, delegates aligned with the far-right Bundestag member Matthias Helferich proposed more than 100 candidates. This move was reportedly designed to block the vote in the town of Marl, halting progress on the list to force negotiations for subsequent positions.

Earlier in the candidate selection process, supporters of State Co-Chairman and lead candidate Martin Vincentz, who represents the moderate wing of the party, had prevailed. The defeat of Zacharias Schalley—a figure close to Helferich—by a candidate from the Vincentz camp triggered significant discontent within the radical wing of the party. Representing approximately 40% of the delegates, Helferich’s supporters reportedly demanded strong representation in the next state parliamentary group.

During the congress, Helferich claimed that Bundestag member Knuth Meyer-Soltau, a member of the Vincentz camp, physically assaulted him. Speaking to the newspaper WELT on Sunday, the 37-year-old Helferich described the incident:

“Meyer-Soltau was passing by the row where I was sitting. He was arguing with another member. When he turned back, while I was sitting in my chair, he shouldered me and shouted, ‘Shut up, you idiot!'”

Helferich added: “I do not know if he wanted to knock me out of my chair. However, because he insulted me in anger, I cannot rule out the possibility that this was a deliberate attack.”

An email exchange sent to the federal executive board and state management revealed that Helferich filed a criminal complaint on Monday.

“Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my body, either intentionally or through negligence”

In the complaint filed by Helferich, he stated: “Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my upper body hard, either intentionally or through negligence; I was only able to avoid falling by holding onto the edge of the table.” The complaint also named two witnesses.

In his letter to the party leadership, Helferich wrote: “Since numerous similar incidents of electoral law significance occurred at the state election congress, I believe the duty to maintain party order falls to the Federal Executive Board.”

Meyer-Soltau, a 61-year-old lawyer like Helferich, denied the allegations. Speaking to WELT on Sunday, the lawmaker said: “I reject the accusation being made.”

Meyer-Soltau suggested that Helferich viewed him as a powerful opponent because he had previously acted as the negotiator for the state executive board in the party’s expulsion proceedings against Helferich before the Federal Arbitration Court. The party court recently rejected the expulsion request.

“It is clear that this situation has not had a positive impact on our relationship,” Meyer-Soltau said. “Mr. Helferich, having suffered a heavy defeat at the nomination meeting, is clearly seeking satisfaction through other means. I will hand the matter over to my lawyer and take legal action.”

A letter sent to Helferich by Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer, which was leaked to the press, stated: “My client has never insulted you or physically assaulted you.” The letter demanded that Helferich cease repeating the claim and sign a cease-and-desist declaration carrying a contractual penalty.

Additionally, Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer filed a criminal complaint with the Dortmund Prosecutor’s Office for defamation. The petition submitted to the prosecutor’s office stated: “The accusation of physical assault is highly defamatory, calculated to permanently damage my client’s public reputation, and socially discredit him.”

Allegations of blackmail made against delegates at the congress

Allegations of threats against delegates also emerged at the state congress in Marl. Helferich ran against Klaus Esser, a close associate of Vincentz, for the 13th position on the candidate list. Esser, who needed just one vote to be elected in the first round, only secured a majority in the second round of voting.

Following the announcement of the results, a delegate took the stage to claim that before the second round, a state executive board member from the Vincentz camp went to the rows of the Wuppertal district association and threatened that a state lawmaker from Wuppertal would be expelled from the parliamentary group if the necessary votes for Esser were not delivered. The delegate announced that a complaint would be filed regarding the matter.

A spokesperson for AfD Co-Leader Alice Weidel told the media outlet “The Pioneer”: “Weidel does not approve of this situation. Such things must not happen.”

Other allegations of threats were voiced through the hall microphones during the congress. One delegate claimed that a candidate had been threatened by a district councilor and a district chairman.

“He was told that if he did not withdraw his candidacy, he would have no future in this party. There are numerous witnesses who can confirm this,” the delegate asserted.

Another delegate reported that a young woman was pressured by a district chairman who asked whether she would “lend herself to this game and submit to blackmail,” warning her that the situation would have “consequences for her in the district association.”

Marco Vogt, the Deputy Chairman of the Düsseldorf AfD and an ally of Helferich, said during his candidacy speech that young members who participated in the list disruptions had been threatened by their employers present in the hall.

Another candidate, a municipal councilor from Würselen, stated that a district administrator from the Aachen region had issued an implicit threat, telling him he would make many enemies in his own association if he did not withdraw his candidacy.

Candidate Leon Biallawons directly targeted lawmaker Knuth Meyer-Soltau, saying: “I tell you clearly, dear Knuth, I will not allow myself to be threatened by you. Because, dear Knuth, it is not you but the grassroots who will decide who succeeds in this party, and the grassroots will assert their will in the long term.”

Meyer-Soltau declined to comment on these allegations, stating: “I do not wish to comment on such baseless claims.”

Other tactics were used to slow down the proceedings at Sunday’s congress. One delegate requested a 30-minute recess because “there is an ice cream truck outside,” though this request was rejected. The convention manager, Julian Flak, was heard calling out to a delegate: “Take that garden furniture outside immediately!”

A message shared on Saturday in a chat group close to Vincentz stated that the “self-proclaimed patriotic group” had threatened to completely block the congress. It was alleged that the core group led by Helferich planned to deliberately disrupt the flow of the congress to force their opponents to the negotiating table.

Weidel accused of undermining efforts in chat group

On Sunday, in the same chat group, it was written that the sabotage action was being coordinated by Federal Deputy Chairman Sven Tritschler and Helferich. The message claimed that Tritschler had discussed the move with “his boss Alice Merkel”—a reference to AfD leader Alice Weidel. “This is a clear operation of attrition. We will not bow to an Alice Merkel,” the message read.

By Monday night, the ballot for the 22nd list position contained the names of 81 candidates. Some individuals who announced their candidacies withdrew before speaking. The results are expected to be announced next weekend.

The North Rhine-Westphalia AfD association has allocated a total of four weekends for candidate selection meetings. With the party projected by public opinion polls to win between 30 and 40 seats in the state parliament, competition for the top spots on the list remains intense.

An article titled “AfD-NRW Grassroots Resist Cartel Partyization,” published Monday on a Telegram channel close to Helferich, described the events as a “heroic act” and an “impressive reaction of an alert, idealistic grassroots.” The mass candidacy process was characterized as a “combination of Carl Schmitt’s partisan theory with a democratic liberation move unprecedented in AfD history.”

The article argued that if lead candidate Vincentz wants to translate polling success into a strong election result, he must unify the party by granting Helferich’s supporters viable, electable positions on the list.

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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