Europe
New German government’s program: Key policies and controversies
The parties likely to lead Germany’s next government are starting coalition talks, with a series of policies expected to come to the fore, including the systematic turning away of asylum seekers at the border.
The center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), its Bavarian allies CSU, and likely coalition partners, the Social Democrats (SPD), announced on Saturday that they would begin formal coalition talks.
Friedrich Merz, the likely next chancellor, stated on Saturday that in the informal exploratory talks, party leaders had identified a series of policy compromises as the basis for formal negotiations, which were the result of “very, very intensive” discussions.
“This was no easy task,” added the CDU leader.
According to the preliminary policy agreement (Sondierungspapier) of the coalition partners, seen by Euractiv, compromises that are “painful” for both sides are on the table, starting with government financing.
Last week, leaders presented plans for a debt-financed, pioneering investment package, which was not well-received by some in the fiscally conservative CDU.
In addition, the most controversial issues related to immigration, economy, and labor policy have been decided.
Here are the key policies agreed upon so far:
Border controls to be increased
– Border rejections: The parties promised to turn people away from the German border, even if they apply for asylum, one of the CDU’s most controversial promises, which the SPD had previously criticized for violating EU laws. As a compromise, it is stated that such rejections will be carried out “in coordination with European neighbors,” but no details are provided.
– More border controls: Merz promised to “significantly expand” existing controls at all German borders, which are exempt from the rules of Schengen, Europe’s passport-free travel area.
– Dual citizenship will continue: The parties will not withdraw legislation that facilitates obtaining German citizenship and dual citizenship, despite it being one of the CDU’s key promises. On the other hand, “supporters of terror, antisemites, and extremists” with dual citizenship may be stripped of their German citizenship.
Economic growth targets
– Commitment to growth: The leaders set a goal of returning the German economy, which has been in recession for two years, to a growth potential of over 1%.
– Protection of industry: Germany’s flagship industry will be supported by limiting energy prices, reducing bureaucracy, and a state agency that will help employ skilled labor abroad. The coalition will “avoid” penalties for the automotive industry that violate European CO2 targets, but there is no mention of reversing the controversial ban on the sale of new gasoline cars from 2035.
– Tax cuts: The tax burden for businesses and the “middle class” will be reduced through tax law reforms.
– Higher minimum wage: The parties find it “achievable” to increase the minimum wage by 17% next year, from €12.82 to €15, a key promise of the SPD.
– Trade agreement with America: In addition to its known support for the EU’s free trade agreement with the Latin American Mercosur bloc, the parties want to revive free trade negotiations with the US.
– Restriction of social benefits: As a promise of the CDU, the generous but controversial unemployment benefits introduced by the previous government will be reorganized, including total benefit cuts for those who refuse to work.
Green deal in danger
However, among the critics of the agreement are the Greens, whose support is needed for the two-thirds majority required to pass the financing package.
Green co-chair Felix Banaszak said the document “further distanced” the party from support and criticized the fact that “climate protection financing plays no role” in the document.
Anton Hofreiter, the Green Chairman of the European Affairs Committee of the Federal Parliament, said, “There is very little about fundamental improvements in our security policy.”
Aside from the financing plans, the document only confirms Germany’s responsibility for Europe’s security and its continued support for Ukraine.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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