America
Trump and ‘Liberation Day’: Beyond tariffs
US President Donald Trump has challenged the global trade order by imposing tariffs on goods imported into the US.
Trump said on Wednesday that a 10% tariff would be imposed on nearly all imports entering the US starting April 5, describing these measures as a way to “liberate” the US economy.
The White House also unveiled sweeping “reciprocal” tariffs on goods from the US’s largest trading partners, targeting a global trading system that, according to Trump, has “ripped off” the United States for decades.
Historically, the term “reciprocal” in trade refers to measures taken by both sides to ensure fairness in bilateral agreements. For much of the past 90 years, this typically involved reducing trade barriers. In the US, the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 signaled the end of an era of US protectionism, enabling the US and partner countries to negotiate lower tariffs on each other’s goods.
Under the new plan, tariffs on goods from China, the world’s largest exporter, will rise to 54%, reflecting an additional 34% tariff imposed by Trump on top of the existing 20% levied earlier this year.
The EU faces tariffs totaling up to 20%, while imports from Japan, a close Washington ally, will be subject to 24% tariffs. UK exports will incur a 10% tariff.
Tough measures on Asian countries
A 10% base tariff applies to imports from all countries. Beyond this, “individualized reciprocal higher tariffs” are planned for the 60 countries identified by the US as the “worst offending” due to their large trade deficits with the US. These reciprocal tariffs will range from 10% to 50%.
The specific tariff rate is calculated based on the White House Council of Economic Advisers’ assessment of the combined tariffs and non-tariff barriers imposed on US goods by a given country. Half of this assessed level will be applied as the reciprocal tariff rate for imports from the 60 designated “worst offending” countries.
Several Southeast Asian export hubs face tariffs approaching 50%. Cambodia is assigned a rate of 49%, Laos 48%, and Vietnam 46%.
Other countries facing tariffs above 40% include Sri Lanka (44%), Madagascar (47%), and Myanmar (44%). Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a small French territory off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, is subject to a 50% tariff.
The high tariffs targeting several Asian countries are partly attributed to China shifting production to these nations, which then serve as conduits for exporting goods to the US.
Mexico and Canada, despite being frequent targets of Trump’s criticism, will be exempt from these new reciprocal tariffs. However, the existing 25% tariff on goods non-compliant with their 2020 trade agreement with the US remains effective.
The White House stated that cars and auto parts subject to the 25% tariffs announced last week will be exempt from the new reciprocal tariffs.
Bullion, energy resources, and minerals not domestically available in the US are also exempt from reciprocal tariffs. Additionally, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, copper, and lumber will not be subject to these specific tariffs.
However, this exemption contrasts with previous actions and statements by Trump, who had already announced tariffs on copper and lumber and indicated potential tariffs on pharmaceuticals and computer chips.
Trump declares national emergency
The US President invoked emergency powers to implement the new tariffs. The administration declared a national emergency, citing “national security and economic security concerns arising from conditions reflected by large and persistent annual US goods trade deficits”.
US officials announced that the initial tariffs will take effect shortly. The basic 10% tariff is scheduled to begin at 00:01 on Saturday, April 5, with the higher reciprocal tariffs following at 00:01 on Thursday, April 9.
Negotiating exemptions or reductions might be possible, contingent on Trump’s discretion. The decree announcing the tariffs states that the president “may reduce or limit the scope” of the duties if “any trading partner takes significant steps to correct non-reciprocal trade arrangements and adequately align with the United States on economic and national security matters.”
However, US officials indicated a current focus solely on implementation. A senior White House official told the FT, “Of course countries want to see what they can do for more reciprocal trade. Right now, we’re focused on enacting the tariff regime.”
What is the purpose of tariffs?
Reducing the US trade deficit is a long-standing goal for Trump. In his Rose Garden speech, the president stated that he has advocated for this for over 40 years.
Administration officials attribute the erosion of manufacturing capabilities, wage depression, and the “transferring assets into foreign hands” to the US’s “massive” and “chronic” trade deficits.
Another objective is to compel companies to relocate production to the US. Trump anticipates that businesses will establish plants domestically to circumvent tariffs, thereby creating more jobs.
A US official said, “The goal is to restore American greatness and prosperity for everyday American workers in their communities.”
Correcting “unfair trade practices” is also cited as a goal. White House officials stated that Trump “has been clear for decades about his commitment to correct unfair trade practices by foreign trading partners, both friendly and hostile.”
While not explicitly cited by US officials as a primary justification, the tariffs are expected to generate significant revenue. Officials estimate the duties could bring in “hundreds of billions of dollars in any given year” or “trillions over a 10-year period,” potentially offsetting steep tax cuts.
Tariffs and beyond: A systemic shift
While Trump’s speech centered on tariffs and the potential for trade wars, it signifies the strengthening of a trend originating in his first term and partially maintained under President Joe Biden.
Essentially, Trump’s “protectionist” economic policies stem from the belief that the era of free markets and globalization—often termed the “Washington Consensus”—now disadvantages the US.
Trump said in his speech, “Foreign trade and economic practices have created a national emergency,” arguing that the US has now achieved “economic independence” and that his goal is to bolster the US’s international economic standing and protect its workers.
Trump’s executive order contends that the US’s large, persistent annual trade deficits have hollowed out the manufacturing sector, disincentivized the expansion of advanced domestic manufacturing capacity, weakened critical supply chains, and increased the defense industry’s reliance on foreign adversaries.
Trump emphasized that the trade imbalance has fueled a large and persistent deficit in both industrial and agricultural goods, shifted production overseas, “empowered non-market economies” like China, and ultimately harmed the American middle class and small towns.
The order stated, “These tariffs are intended to address inequities in global trade, bring manufacturing back home and spur economic growth for the American people.”
Trump highlighted the decline in the US share of global manufacturing output, noting it fell to 17.4% in 2023 from 28.4% in 2001. He said, “The decline in manufacturing output has reduced US manufacturing capacity. The need to maintain a robust domestic manufacturing capacity is particularly acute in advanced sectors such as automobiles, shipbuilding, pharmaceuticals, transportation equipment, technology products, machine tools, and basic and fabricated metals, where the loss of capacity could permanently weaken US competitiveness.”
In this context, the presidential order lists the “Golden Rules of the Golden Age” as follows:
— Access to the US market is a privilege, not a right.
— The US will no longer put itself last in international trade matters in exchange for empty promises.
— Reciprocal tariffs were one of the main reasons why Americans voted for President Trump; they were a cornerstone of his campaign from the start.
— Everyone knew that he would push for it as soon as he took office; it was exactly what he promised and it was one of the main reasons why he won the election.
— These tariffs are at the center of President Trump’s plan to reverse the economic damage left by President Biden and put America on the path to a new golden age.
— This plan is part of a broader economic agenda focused on energy competitiveness, tax cuts (including eliminating taxes on tips and Social Security benefits), and deregulation aimed at increasing US prosperity.
Declaration of the bankruptcy of the post-World War II order
He said, “For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped and plundered by friend and foe alike, by nations near and far. Foreign crooks have looted our factories and foreign scavengers have torn apart our once beautiful American dream.”
He also saluted the American steelworkers, autoworkers, farmers and artisans in the audience.
Trump said, “I think this is one of the most important days in American history. This is our declaration of economic independence.” He argued that for years, “hard-working Americans” were sidelined while other nations prospered, but now it was the US’s turn. “Today we stand up for the American worker and finally put America first,” he added.
The President declared in a speech infused with American dream rhetoric, “April 2, 2025 will forever be remembered as the day American industry was reborn, America’s destiny was reclaimed, and we began to make America rich again.”
US embassies issue ultimatums to European companies
Even before the tariff announcement, the Trump administration took steps impacting US trade relations, extending beyond typical commercial diplomacy.
Last week, the Trump administration reportedly attempted to compel European companies to adhere to specific US domestic policies, an action highlighted by a letter sent from the US embassy in France to French businesses.
The letter, sent by the US Embassy in Paris to dozens of major French companies operating in the US, was first reported on Friday by the French business daily Les Echos.
According to reports, the letter stated that Executive Order 14.173, aimed at ending “unlawful discrimination” and restoring “merit” in business, is “equally binding on all suppliers and service providers to the US government,” including French companies, irrespective of their nationality or location of work.
The term “unlawful discrimination,” in the context of the Trump administration’s policy, refers to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs, which the administration has moved to dismantle within the US and is now reportedly pressuring foreign companies to abandon.
The letter included a form requesting that affected companies detail their plans for implementing the executive order.
The Financial Times (FT) reported on Friday that US embassies in Belgium and several Eastern European countries sent similar letters to companies in those nations.
The US initiative provoked strong reactions. The French Trade Ministry said in a statement late last week, “US interference in the inclusion policies of French companies is unacceptable.” The ministry asserted that French law, including regulations on inclusion, continues to apply within France.
On Monday morning, French Trade Minister Laurent Saint-Martin expressed his “deep shock” and cautioned against violating French laws and “values.”
Patrick Martin, President of the French business association Medef (Mouvement des entreprises de France), previously stated that abandoning existing inclusion rules was “out of the question.”
Amir Reza-Tofighi, President of the CPME (Confédération des petites et moyennes entreprises), described the move as an “attack on the sovereignty” of France and urged relevant parties to “stand up together” against this US pressure.
The action also drew protests in Belgium. Minister Maxime Prévot called the stance in the US letter “deeply regrettable” and declared that Belgium “will not back down an inch” regarding the principle of social diversity.
Washington’s attempts to compel European nations to adopt specific US regulations are not entirely unprecedented. For years, the US has employed extraterritorial sanctions—coercive measures requiring compliance from companies in third countries to avoid penalties.
What distinguishes this instance, however, is the administration’s attempt to impose domestic regulations—specifically those concerning DEI, which are contentious within the US itself and potentially divisive in Europe—onto European companies.
America
Israel looks to Latin America as Isaac Accords seek to expand regional partnerships
As ties between Israel and Latin American countries continue to deepen, the newly launched Isaac Accords are emerging as a framework for expanding cooperation across the region.
The initiative formed the backdrop to a panel discussion on opportunities for Israel in the Western Hemisphere at the 2026 JNS International Policy Summit in Jerusalem on Monday.
The panel, titled “The Coming Isaac Accords: Israel and Latin America,” brought together diplomats and regional experts to discuss developments that could encourage participation in the Isaac Accords, the strategic framework announced in April by Argentine President Javier Milei and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during Milei’s visit to Israel.
Moderated by JNS correspondent Etgar Lefkovits, the discussion featured Panama’s Ambassador to Israel Ezra Cohen, former US Ambassador to Costa Rica Fitzgerald Haney, and Leah Soibel, founder and CEO of Fuente Latina, which provides Middle East news coverage to Spanish-language media outlets.
Soibel said:
“What we need to understand is that the Isaac Accords have an impact that extends far beyond diplomacy. Twenty percent of the US population is Hispanic. By 2050, that figure is expected to reach 30% of the population. This is the demographic group with the lowest levels of antisemitic sentiment.”
The panel also celebrated the victory of pro-US and pro-Israel candidate Abelardo De La Espriella, who defeated his left-wing rival in Colombia’s presidential election on Sunday.
De La Espriella had made the restoration of relations with Israel and the relocation of his country’s embassy to Jerusalem central elements of his campaign platform.
Cohen said that when he looks at a map of Latin America, only four countries are currently governed by left-wing, anti-Israel administrations.
Referring to an earlier panel discussing what participants described as a bleak future for Jews in Europe, Cohen remarked: “When one window closes, another opens. Come to Latin America.”
Haney argued that “Israel’s friends keep winning” and predicted that “we are going to see a lot more positive developments coming out of Latin America.”
He said a colleague in Colombia had sent him a text message promising: “On August 7 at 5 p.m., we will restore relations with Israel.”
Haney noted that this was the date and time when Colombia’s new president is scheduled to take office and predicted that another announcement regarding the relocation of Colombia’s embassy to Jerusalem would follow.
He described Colombia as the latest in a series of Latin American countries turning toward Israel in pursuit of “shared values, shared prosperity and shared security.”
Haney also said that the Israel Allies Foundation, a pro-Israel advocacy group that works with lawmakers, would bring together representatives from 11 legislative bodies across Latin America in Buenos Aires over the weekend to sign a joint declaration of principles.
He noted that the organisation had successfully worked with Brazil’s legislature despite the position of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, whom he described as anti-Israel.
According to Haney, Brazil’s legislature has developed a plan to deepen relations with Israel over the next nine months.
Soibel said that 12 Latin American countries had renewed or strengthened their friendships with Israel and that interest in Israel among Spanish-language content creators, influencers and journalists continues to grow. Her organisation has brought 300 non-Jewish Hispanic journalists to Israel.
The panel also highlighted the launch of a Panama-based Spanish-language edition of JNS. Soibel said the work of pro-Israel organisations remains vital because so few such groups operate in the region, while, in her words, “Iran, Qatar and Hezbollah are conducting propaganda campaigns in Spanish throughout Latin America.”
She continued:
“You could probably count on one hand, perhaps two, the number of organisations and leaders operating across the Spanish-speaking world. That makes this work extraordinarily strategic. Its impact is enormous. Israel and the Jewish people should invest more. There is a large Hispanic-Israeli population in Israel, and many of them were victims of the October 7 attacks. We have stories to tell. What we need now is investment and distribution channels to spread those messages and information.”
The panel concluded on an optimistic note, with participants expressing confidence that Latin America will become an increasingly important pillar of Israel’s global diplomatic strategy in the years ahead.
Milei and Netanyahu launch new accord
Argentine President Javier Milei and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced the launch of the Isaac Accords last Saturday.
The initiative establishes a new strategic framework aimed at strengthening cooperation among Argentina, Israel and like-minded partners across the Western Hemisphere, described as “the descendants of Isaac and nations rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition,” in defence of freedom and democracy and in the fight against terrorism, antisemitism and drug trafficking.
Participating countries will seek to strengthen coordination against what the agreement describes as terrorist organisations, with particular emphasis on “Iran’s efforts to expand terrorist networks and operational presence throughout the Western Hemisphere.”
The initiative also seeks to promote coordination and alignment in international forums while creating a framework for expanded cooperation in innovation, technology, trade and economic openness.
Speaking alongside Netanyahu at a joint press conference, Milei said:
“We expressed our unwavering support for the United States and Israel in their struggle against terrorism and the Iranian regime, not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because our countries are united through shared suffering.”
Milei referred to the 1992 bombing of the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires and the 1994 attack on the AMIA Jewish community centre.
Although Argentine courts have attributed both attacks to Iran, Tehran has consistently denied any involvement.
Netanyahu praised the Argentine leader for demonstrating what he called “moral clarity” by standing with Israel and said he hoped other Latin American governments would join the Isaac Accords, which both leaders described as being inspired by the Abraham Accords.
The Abraham Accords, brokered by Washington in 2020, triggered a wave of normalisation in Arab-Israeli diplomatic relations.
US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee attended the signing ceremony and described Milei and Netanyahu as “President Trump’s two closest friends.”
Huckabee added: “I do not think there are two other world leaders whom our president respects as much and with whom he has such a personal relationship.”
During the visit, the two sides also announced the launch of the first direct commercial flights between Buenos Aires and Tel Aviv, scheduled to begin in November.
Milei said the new route would create an “unbreakable bond” between the two countries and reiterated his intention to relocate Argentina’s embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
“As soon as circumstances permit, we once again reaffirm our commitment to moving the Argentine embassy to Jerusalem,” he said.
America
Iran team leaves thank-you message in Los Angeles locker room after World Cup draw
Iran’s national football team left a message in its locker room at SoFi Stadium, thanking Los Angeles for its hospitality during the World Cup.
The players said they were leaving the city with honor after keeping their hopes of reaching the knockout stage alive with a 0-0 draw against Belgium.
In the handwritten note, published by the Iran Football Federation, the team wrote:
“From the ancient land of Persia thousands of years ago to the civilized Iran of today, the spirit of Iran remains alive and unshaken. Los Angeles, thank you for your hospitality. We arrived in Los Angeles with pride, competed with honor and leave with dignity.”
The note also thanked Iranian supporters who gave their “hearts, voices and souls” to the team throughout its two matches and concluded with a call for peace, respect and friendship among all nations.
Los Angeles hosted both of Iran’s Group G matches, while the team returned to its training base in Tijuana between games.
Iran has been based in Tijuana throughout the tournament and has had to travel back and forth to the United States for matches because of restrictions related to its stay in the country. Entry bans were also imposed on some members of the national team’s coaching staff and officials.
US authorities said the team’s travel arrangements remain under review, while discussions continue over the possible easing of some restrictions.
Iran head coach Emir Ghalenoei has repeatedly criticized the travel restrictions, saying his squad has faced challenges that no other team in the tournament has been required to endure.
After drawing 2-2 with New Zealand in its opening match at SoFi Stadium, Iran will play its final Group G match against Egypt in Seattle.
America
Colombia’s de la Espriella claims narrow presidential victory in runoff election
The first results from Colombia’s presidential runoff election showed that right-wing candidate Abelardo de la Espriella, backed by Donald Trump, had narrowly won the vote.
The victory of de la Espriella, who has no prior political experience, signals a fundamental shift in the government’s approach to tackling the country’s long-running internal armed conflict and rising violence.
Throughout the campaign, de la Espriella pledged to intensify military pressure on illegal armed groups, drug trafficking networks and criminal organizations. He succeeded in defeating left-wing candidate Iván Cepeda, a close ally of incumbent President Gustavo Petro.
Speaking after the initial results were released, de la Espriella said: “Today marks the beginning of a new era for our country. This era is built on the free and democratic will of millions of citizens who chose to believe in a great, secure, prosperous Colombia full of opportunities.”
Cepeda says he will await official results
According to the preliminary count, with more than 99% of ballots tallied in the runoff election, de la Espriella secured approximately 49.7% of the vote, while Cepeda received 48.7%.
Cepeda, who has not yet conceded defeat, said the preliminary results were neither official nor binding.
“When the official count is completed, the final results are known and the necessary verification procedures are finished, we will recognize the official outcome produced by that process,” Cepeda said.
Reuters reported that the verification process showed very little variation from the preliminary counts recorded during the first round of voting on May 31.
De la Espriella, who grew up in Colombia’s Caribbean region, drew particularly strong support from that part of the country. Addressing a large crowd gathered in the coastal city of Barranquilla after the first results emerged, de la Espriella, who has adopted the nickname “El Tigre” (The Tiger), declared: “Tonight is the beginning of a new story for the nation. Tonight a new era begins, a change of order begins.”
He said he would govern for all Colombians, including those who voted for his opponent, and pledged loyalty to and protection of Colombia’s 1991 constitution.
At celebrations in Barranquilla, supporters wore Colombia’s yellow national football jersey and waved Colombian flags.
With images of de la Espriella projected behind the stage, supporters chanted “Stand firm for the homeland” and “Petro out!” as fireworks lit the sky. Some supporters wore hats bearing the slogan “Make Colombia Great Again,” echoing those worn by supporters of US President Donald Trump.
Trump reacted to the results in a Truth Social post, writing: “BIG won!”
One supporter, Patricia, told reporters: “We are tired of the murders in this country and of this government’s bureaucracy. Now we finally have a president from the coastal region.”
Another supporter said: “We are proud of the Tiger. We hope he transforms the country and, above all, creates a new nation where we will have jobs and greater security.”
Supporters of Cepeda, who narrowly lost the election, also voiced concerns on the streets of Barranquilla.
Catalina La Grande, a student and activist who supports Cepeda, told the BBC: “There is a visible sense of unease in the air. Such a narrow margin worries us because it reflects how divided the country is and the enormous challenges we face in defending democracy, peace and human rights.”
Another young voter backing Cepeda, Maria, said the results showed a divided country but noted that the public had remained peaceful.
“Given the level of polarization we are experiencing, the absence of violence in the streets is a positive development,” she said.
The sharp divisions between the candidates have fueled concerns that unrest could emerge if some opposition groups refuse to accept the outcome.
Late on Sunday night, clashes were reported between protesters and police in Cali, Colombia’s third-largest city. Demonstrators reportedly burned US flags, while police used tear gas to disperse large crowds angered by de la Espriella’s victory.
President Gustavo Petro is also reported to be considering challenging the result. In a post on X, Petro said that based on the preliminary count, “no one can be declared president” and alleged that the security of some polling stations had been compromised. He called for an audit of the voting software but provided no evidence to support the claims.
Who is Abelardo de la Espriella?
De la Espriella, who has no political background, is a lawyer and businessman. During his legal career, he represented clients including Alex Saab, an ally of former Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro who has faced money laundering charges in the US, and David Murcia Guzman, one of Colombia’s most notorious fraudsters.
De la Espriella says he handled those cases in his capacity as a defense attorney.
Often compared to El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele because of his security policies and distinctive beard, de la Espriella and his supporters frequently wear Colombia’s national football jersey at rallies and on social media. Critics accuse him of politicizing the national team shirt.
He is also known for regularly addressing campaign crowds from behind bulletproof glass panels.
Colombia’s internal armed conflict has persisted for decades, but violence has intensified in recent years. Armed groups and criminal organizations, including dissident factions of the FARC, the ELN and the Clan del Golfo, have doubled their membership over the past five years.
Competition for control of lucrative cocaine trafficking routes and illegal mining operations has further escalated the violence. Fighting along the Colombia-Venezuela border last year displaced tens of thousands of people. Cocaine production in the world’s largest cocaine-producing country has reached record levels.
Critics of President Petro argue that his “total peace” strategy, which prioritizes negotiations with armed groups, has failed, claiming that such groups have used ceasefire arrangements to expand their territorial control and influence.
De la Espriella has pledged to cancel all negotiations with illegal armed groups and increase military pressure to restore order.
As part of that agenda, he has promised closer cooperation with the US, the construction of massive prisons in Colombia’s forests, a smaller state apparatus and reforms to the healthcare system.
Having lived and worked in Miami for many years, de la Espriella has held US citizenship since 2023. During the election campaign, he received support from Donald Trump, who said de la Espriella would “stop illegal migration, fight crime and drugs, and restore law and order.”
Before the election, Trump also said de la Espriella would feel “the full support and strength of the United States” behind him.
Although Colombia has historically been one of Washington’s closest allies in the region, relations have become strained in recent years due to sharp disagreements between President Trump and President Petro over migration policy, tariffs and military intervention in Latin America.
De la Espriella’s election also aligns with a broader trend across Latin America, where security concerns have pushed politics to the right. His victory was welcomed by other conservative leaders across the region.
Argentine President Javier Milei said Colombians had “chosen the path of economic freedom, prosperity and uncompromising security” and had declared that enough was enough to transnational organized crime and drug trafficking.
Chile’s José Antonio Kast said: “A new era of freedom is beginning for Colombia, one that will allow the country to regain security and prosperity.”
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