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China’s Saudi-Iran deal could serve regional interests

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China has apparently achieved a diplomatic breakthrough in the Middle East as Beijing was able to broker a deal and resurrect diplomatic relations between the two rival states “Saudi Arabia and Iran”.

In the past, China has seemed rare to broker any deal unless Joe Biden administration. China was also able to earn support from the regional countries in bringing Riyadh and Tehran close which helps improve peace and economic development. On the international surface, especially in the western countries, restoration of ties between the two gulf neighbors could be seen as a setback for the US influence and status in the Middle East.

In the bigger picture, this deal could definitely damage some of the US’s interests in the region, and it could be on both long-and-short terms. Between that, the US also saw its role becoming weak if the deal succeeded.

At the same time, Washington had already received a clear message by China’s broker deal between longtime gulf rivals that a broader sign of a changing global order is on the way.

China’s image as prompter of peace

In addition to bringing closer Saudi and Iran and giving them an opportunity to work together to improve their ties, China has seemingly boosted its image as a promoter of peace and stability in the Middle East.

Since China-US relations are competitive and confrontational, a win for Beijing can be considered as a big loss to the US in the region.

The deal also gives an indication that China is a rising power while the US is a declining one. Moreover, by this deal, China bolsters its role as the leader of global authoritarianism in a world where liberal democracy and capitalism is fading away and no longer a reliable solution to resolve high stakes across the globe.

Meanwhile, the Kingdom’s engagement with Iran and China reflect change in the country’s foreign relations with more eagerness to work with the regional partners. The China-brokered deal is such an example of those changes.

Being a close ally into US-led regional security networks in the Persian Gulf, the kingdom with the diplomatic deal with Iran, the US’s enemy, has increasingly become a hot potato in domestic and foreign media in which experts see the deal as a strategic development between them.

China-Iran growing ties

Having signed a 25-year comprehensive strategic partnership agreement with Iran almost two years ago, China had in recent weeks signed several important bilateral agreements.

Iran-China relations have seen several progresses in the last few months, and Iran’s President Raisi also visited China and signed continued economic agreements. Tehran also agreed to restore ties with Saudi Arabia as it was facilitated by China. Iran can’t find a good partner like China in the region because both have several issues with the US.

China and Iran must have a stable and strong relationship based on the foundation of a common goal in the Middle East which is peace, economic development and to prevent further influence of the US. Honestly, Iran needs more Chinese support to improve all of its infrastructures, especially at a time when it faces years of global sanctions. Iran is also more dependent on China for security cooperation. It is also a fact that sanctions have undermined China-Iran economic relations and makes it a bit difficult to implement the recent series of agreements between them.

At the beginning of this year, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi visited China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping, and the outcome was reported “significant” and “productive”.

It seems that several signs of better relations exist between the two countries as the first shipping line linking China to Iran’s Chabahar Port has just been inaugurated.

China-Saudi affairs

Chinese President Xi Jinping had visited Saudi Arabia in early 2023 and attended a series of meetings with the kingdom’s leadership. Many believe that Xi’s visit, besides economic perspective, also had a security agenda as he is trying to put all out efforts in the form of a security framework to stabilize the region.

During the summit meeting with Gulf Cooperation Council states, Xi has discussed several issues where later Beijing released a statement where they affirmed their support for all peace efforts in the Middle East and the region.

Here, again Saudi like Iran, has more dependency on China taking into account the kingdom’s pragmatic acknowledgment of its own vulnerabilities to regional and global tensions.

Understanding the fact that the US is not a good partner after the Ukraine war that caused grain shortages and fuel crisis, Saudi began to broaden its relationships in particular with China.

At the same time, officials across the Gulf believe that China could replace the US as the dominant economic and energy superpower and Xi’s visit to Saudi and signing agreements in 34 sectors, including green energy, information technology and logistic, are the clear indignation of them.

This is not the stop point as reported suggests that Xi also convinced Saudi’s King Salman to invite Iranian President Raisi to the kingdom in order to remove their political differences and move their relations from “argument” to “cooperation.”

It is newsworthy that Chinese Vice-Premier Hu Chunhua had visited the UAE and Iran soon after Xi’s visit to Saudi Arabia, where in Tehran, Hu discussed ways to enhance the 25-year comprehensive strategic partnership.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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