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EU faces rapid depletion of gas reserves amid cold winter and reduced LNG imports

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Increased demand due to cold weather and reduced liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports by sea are causing the European Union (EU) to deplete its gas storage reserves at the fastest rate since the energy crisis three years ago.

The Financial Times (FT) cites data from Gas Infrastructure Europe, indicating that gas volumes in the bloc’s storage fields have dropped by approximately 19% between late September and mid-December, the traditional end of the filling season in gas markets. In contrast, the previous two years saw single-digit declines during the same period, supported by milder-than-average winters and reduced industrial demand due to elevated prices.

“Europe has had to rely much more heavily on underground storage this winter than in the past two years to compensate for the decline in liquefied natural gas imports and meet stronger demand,” explained Natasha Fielding, head of European gas pricing at Argus Media.

Europe’s reliance on stored gas reserves is further intensified by increased competition for LNG imports from Asia, where lower prices have attracted buyers. This shift has reduced European imports and necessitated greater use of existing reserves.

Currently, the EU’s gas storage levels stand at 75%, which is slightly above the 10-year average before efforts to reduce dependence on Russian imports. A year ago, storage levels were close to 90% in mid-December.

European gas prices have plummeted by approximately 90% compared to the peak prices of over €300 per megawatt hour during the summer of 2022 energy crisis. However, the rapid depletion of storage this winter raises concerns about the challenges and costs of refilling reserves for the next heating season.

Market dynamics reflect these challenges: traders are already pricing gas for summer delivery at higher rates than for the following winter, signaling rising replenishment costs.

The European Commission mandates that EU countries fill their gas storage facilities to 90% capacity by early November. However, some member states have lower targets, further complicating regional supply strategies.

A substantial portion of Europe’s gas now comes as LNG, which is increasingly influenced by geopolitics. The United States, the EU’s largest LNG supplier, has demanded long-term commitments to purchase U.S. gas or face potential tariffs. Qatar, the third-largest supplier, has threatened to halt shipments if the EU enforces new regulations penalizing companies that fail to meet environmental, human rights, and labor standards.

Additionally, colder weather conditions and the Dunkelflaute—periods when renewable energy generation is minimal—have driven up gas demand for power generation. Anne-Sophie Corbeau, a global energy researcher at Columbia University, reported that industrial gas demand in nine northwest European countries rebounded by 6% year-on-year from January to November 2023.

The rate of gas depletion varies across member states. The Netherlands has seen a 33% drop in stored gas levels since winter began, while France has experienced a 28% decline.

Looking ahead, Russian gas supplies via Ukraine—currently accounting for around 5% of EU imports—are expected to cease at the end of 2024 when the transit agreement expires. While Andreas Guth, secretary-general of Eurogas, suggests there is no immediate concern about this supply interruption, he acknowledges that every marginal volume of gas will impact storage replenishment efforts.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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