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EU fines Apple €500 million, Meta €200 million under DMA

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EU antitrust regulators have imposed the first penalties under landmark legislation aimed at curbing the power of Big Tech, with Apple fined €500 million and Meta €200 million on Wednesday.

The EU fines could escalate tensions with US President Donald Trump, who has threatened to impose tariffs against countries that penalize US companies. Indeed, the White House described the fines as “a new form of economic extortion” that the US would not tolerate.

The fines follow a year-long investigation by the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, into whether the companies comply with the Digital Markets Act (DMA), which aims to allow smaller rivals to enter markets dominated by the largest companies.

The penalties show the EU is determined to enforce the new rules, which came into effect in 2023. Trump had referenced the DMA in February when he vowed to “protect American companies and innovators from overseas blackmail.”

Google and Elon Musk’s X also face potential penalties from European regulators.

Commission sources say the EU will be emboldened by a US court ruling earlier this month that found Google illegally dominated two markets for its online advertising technology. That decision could pave the way for US antitrust prosecutors to break up Google’s ad products.

Apple said it would appeal the EU fine. In an emailed statement, the company said, “Today’s announcements are another example of the European Commission unfairly targeting Apple with a series of decisions that are bad for our users’ privacy and security, bad for products, and force us to give away our technology for free.”

Meta also criticized the EU decision. In an emailed statement, the company’s Director of Global Affairs, Joel Kaplan, claimed, “The European Commission is trying to hobble successful American businesses while allowing Chinese and European companies to operate under different standards.”

Meta suggested that this was not just a fine; the Commission was forcing Meta “to change its business model” and demanding it offer a lower-quality service.

The fines are modest compared to those imposed by the previous EU antitrust chief, Margrethe Vestager, during her tenure.

Sources who spoke to Reuters on condition of anonymity said this was because the violations were short-lived, the focus was on compliance rather than penalties, and there was a desire to avoid potential retaliation from Trump.

The EU competition authority said Apple must remove technical and commercial restrictions that prevent app developers from directing users to cheaper deals outside the App Store.

Meta’s “pay or consent” model, introduced in November 2023, is alleged to have violated the DMA during the period until November 2024, when it was modified to use less personal data for targeted advertising.

The model offers a free service financed by advertising revenue to Facebook and Instagram users who agree to be tracked. Alternatively, they can pay for an ad-free service.

Meta is discussing the new version, introduced in November last year, with the EU to see if it complies with the DMA. Companies have two months to comply with the orders or face daily fines.

Apple avoided a fine in a separate investigation into browser options on iPhones after making changes that allow users to switch more easily to a rival browser or search engine. Regulators said these were compliant with the DMA and closed the investigation on Wednesday.

The iPhone maker is still accused of violating DMA rules for preventing users from sideloading, a practice that involves downloading alternative app stores and apps from the web.

Regulators criticized Apple’s terms, which include a new fee called the Core Technology Fee, saying they are a deterrent for developers to use alternative app distribution channels on the iOS mobile operating system.

The EU regulatory body also canceled the designation of “Meta’s Marketplace” as a DMA gatekeeper because its user numbers fell below the required threshold.

EU antitrust chief Teresa Ribera said, “We have imposed strict but balanced penalties against both companies based on clear and predictable rules. All companies operating in the EU must comply with our laws and respect European values.”

EU lawmaker Andreas Schwab urged the Commission to pursue its investigations against Google’s profitable ad tech business and Elon Musk’s X and not to delay decisions.

“There can be no flexibility in enforcement, as it could also affect the overall importance of competition policy,” Schwab said, adding that a decision perceived as linked to trade policy issues was “dangerous for the entire European Union structure.”

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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