Europe
EU neighbors eye German state aid bonanza
As Germany prepares for major investment plans, its neighbors are warming to a long-term relaxation of EU state subsidy rules, believing their national industries stand to gain from Berlin’s significant spending plans.
Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, and the Netherlands have typically approached the EU subsidy race cautiously, fearing they would be overwhelmed by the budgets of larger and more financially powerful countries.
But four EU diplomats told the Financial Times that this stance is beginning to change, as EU member states anticipate a cross-border “potential windfall” from the new German government’s €1 trillion spending plans for defense and infrastructure.
“We are not going to complain because the German locomotive is moving again,” one EU diplomat said.
EU rules on state aid, also known as subsidies, are intended to prevent government spending from giving unfair advantages to favored companies or protecting struggling sectors from competition.
Brussels softened its approach to overseeing state subsidies following the war in Ukraine and now wants to extend this until 2030, making it easier for member states to channel money into clean technology and strategic infrastructure projects.
Although some defense projects have long been exempt from state aid restrictions, the relaxed regime will make it much easier for the Friedrich Merz government to quickly allocate public funds to a wide range of infrastructure projects.
EU member states are expected to adopt a softer approach in June. Sander Tordoir, an economist at the Centre for European Reform, said that Germany’s support for its own industry would create “downstream demand” for suppliers in other European countries, which are being shaken by Chinese competition and the threat of US tariffs. He added that smaller countries could ask Germany to encourage its industry to set up factories in other parts of Europe.
Bernd Weber, managing director of the think tank EPICO KlimaInnovation, also argued that although the fund would be directed towards German industry, it should benefit others “because supply chains are very interconnected.”
Smaller member states benefit more from German state subsidies compared to France, which often focuses on protecting or attracting investment within its own borders. France’s strained public finances limit its ability to increase incentives like Germany.
Recent figures from the European Commission show that the use of state aid as a % of GDP is higher in some of the EU’s smaller member states. Hungary, Croatia, and Malta rank in the top three respectively when it comes to % of GDP. These countries are followed by Poland, Slovenia, and Denmark.
Some EU capitals are wary of Europe’s shift towards public aid. According to three officials briefed on the meeting, Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever criticized German and French leaders at an EU summit last month for channeling so much state aid into their economies.
A spokesperson for the Belgian business federation also said that fair competition must be guaranteed and that they regretted the potential extension of relaxed EU state aid rules.
Victor Van Hoorn, EU director at Cleantech for Europe, said that Germany’s spending spree was a “promising signal” for clean technology startups.
On the other hand, Hoorn added that Brussels should focus on simplifying state aid rules, as they are often “very complex” and difficult for companies to navigate the system.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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