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Florida mandates anti-communism course for all middle and high school students starting 2026

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Starting in the fall of 2026, every middle and high school student in Florida will be required to complete a social studies course on the history of communism — a sweeping curricular mandate that has drawn both institutional backing from conservative organizations and sharp rebuke from educators and academic historians.

The curriculum has been endorsed by the Heritage Foundation, the Trump-aligned conservative think tank; the National Association of Scholars (NAS), a right-leaning nonprofit; and the Civics Alliance, an NAS affiliate.

The move builds on a 2022 Florida law that established a mandatory annual Victims of Communism Day, observed each November 7 — the date marking the onset of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. Under that law, schools are required to devote a minimum of 45 minutes each year to instruction on what the legislation describes as “the horrors of communism” and “the destructive nature of Marxism-Leninism.” The program is also expected to instill “respect for the founding principles of the American republic,” though those principles are left undefined in the statute.

The new curriculum formally extends that single-day observance into a full course requirement. It also deepens Florida’s alignment with the Phoenix Declaration: An American Vision for Education — a document developed by the Heritage Foundation and published in February 2025.

Florida Education Commissioner Anastasios Kamoutsas, who announced the Declaration’s formal state adoption at a press conference, described it as a reflection of the state’s “connection with the Heritage Foundation.” The Declaration explicitly restricts instruction on sexual orientation, gender identity, racial inequity, and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) — subjects the state has long characterized as pedagogically problematic.

In their place, the Declaration commits to curricula that purportedly cultivate “love of country” and teach children “to seek the good, the true, and the beautiful.” Florida remains the only state to have signed the Declaration. Kamoutsas and state education officials argue that the new History of Communism Standards will reinforce the Declaration’s principles and strengthen students’ “support for capitalism and free enterprise.”

The curriculum’s rationale, as articulated in official state materials, is unambiguous in its political framing:

“Young Americans’ open affection for socialism and communism is a result of never having been educated about the characteristic features of communism in practice: poverty, oppression, and mass murder. If students in New York had been taught the litany of horrific atrocities committed in the name of communism by Lenin and Stalin, Mao and Pol Pot, Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, it would be hard to believe that Zohran Mamdani, for example, would receive such enthusiastic support.”

The state Department of Education’s press release further praised the standards, stating that “Florida is leading the nation in equipping students with an accurate and thorough understanding of how communist ideologies suppressed individual freedoms, abused power, and caused widespread suffering.”

The curriculum enumerates a broad range of topics to be covered: how communist espionage undermined US national security and continues to threaten the United States and its allies; how communists infiltrated the civil rights movement; and the mechanics of communist indoctrination.

The standards cast Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee as “champions of anti-communism.” They condemn collective ownership models, and extol the virtues of private property and individual wealth accumulation. Cuba receives particularly pointed treatment, labeled — unfavorably — as a prominent exporter of “revolutionary internationalism.”

Andrew Spar, president of the Florida Education Association, has been among the most vocal critics of the new curriculum. In a statement to Truthout, he said:

“Florida’s code of ethics requires educators to teach state standards. That’s the difficulty. Teachers already feel handcuffed. If they want to use their own resources or add supplemental reading or film, those materials first have to be approved by the district. We know that students in public schools need and deserve more than just math and reading instruction. They need honest history instruction. A democratic society requires students to learn how to think, not what to think. Debate and deliberation encourage creativity and the development of problem-solving skills. But that’s not what’s being encouraged.”

Spar also reported that teachers are increasingly anxious about the boundaries of permissible instruction. “The state should let teachers teach,” he said. “It’s concerning that the right wing says it wants to take politics out of education, but this mandate does the exact opposite.”

Spar is not alone in his objections. Despite opposition from the union and from the broader civic community, teachers and administrators expect the curriculum to be implemented at the start of the 2026–2027 academic year. Opponents nonetheless express hope that its negative reception will discourage other states from adopting the model.

Yale historian Timothy Snyder, writing on Substack, criticized the curriculum for reducing the United States to a crude superlative — “the best country in the world” — and for asserting that the US “should be defined as free and democratic regardless of what Americans or legislatures actually do.” Snyder concluded that the curriculum prevents any meaningful examination of the nation’s own history and forecloses substantive thinking about how best to protect and expand equality, justice, and freedom.

Historian Ellen Schrecker, a leading authority on right-wing political repression and McCarthyism, told Truthout that the curriculum contains numerous factual distortions requiring direct correction:

“They are throwing out random facts about alleged communist attacks on American values. What students will be taught is a vision of a nonexistent communist threat. The portrayal of an out-of-control left — socialist and communist — constantly trying to undermine American security is simply false. We also need to look at what’s missing from the curriculum. For example, in the section on McCarthy, there is no mention that people lost their jobs and genuinely suffered as a result of his attacks.”

Like Snyder, Schrecker finds the curriculum’s depiction of the United States as a beacon to the world deeply problematic. “The curriculum presents the US as largely perfect, with its great, white, male, Christian leaders, while warning that the country can be threatened by external socialist or communist forces,” she said. “There is no mention of people within the US who were oppressed or had limited opportunities. There is also a vague ‘us versus them’ framing that focuses on individual rather than collective responses.”

John White, a professor of English and Adolescent Literacy at the University of North Florida, also expressed concern about the factual claims embedded in the History of Communism Standards:

“The right says teachers shouldn’t indoctrinate students, yet they’ve produced a curriculum that indoctrinates students into a particular point of view. The curriculum conflates communism and socialism as if they were a single ideology. It ignores the fact that Joseph McCarthy is widely recognized as a discredited demagogue. Worse still, the term ‘communism’ appears to function as a catch-all slogan for any idea the right finds objectionable.”

White noted that many of his students pursue social studies education because of a genuine love of history and politics. “They don’t want to view the world through a binary lens of good and evil, or to place racism, sexism, and homophobia in the ‘bad’ category while placing blind patriotism in the ‘good’ category,” he said. “Students don’t need everything handed to them pre-packaged. This curriculum is the antithesis of good teaching because it undermines critical thinking.”

None of these objections appear to have given the Florida Department of Education or Governor Ron DeSantis’s administration any pause. State officials view the History of Communism Standards as the natural successor to Americanism vs. Communism, a mandatory course taught to Florida middle and high school students between 1962 and 1983.

That earlier requirement was enacted in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in April 1961. Its stated purpose was to teach Florida’s children “the dangers of communism, the ways to fight communism, the evils of communism, the fallacies of communism, and the false doctrines of communism.”

Linda Camarasana, a retired professor of English at the State University of New York at Old Westbury, took that course in 1976 at a high school in North Miami Beach.

“We knew the purpose was to teach us the evils of communism and emphasize American superiority,” she told Truthout. “But at the time, North Miami had a very liberal population, and so did our teachers. We learned about the conditions that led to the Russian Revolution and caused the people to rise up.”

Camarasana said that despite the ideological intent of the course, she and her classmates came away with a balanced perspective — one that encouraged independent inquiry and research.

Both DeSantis and Kamoutsas are determined to ensure that the current History of Communism Standards afford neither students nor teachers any comparable flexibility to examine systems of government on their own terms.

As Kamoutsas declared at the 2025 press conference, halting “the resurgence of communist ideologies in the United States and around the world” is Florida’s stated educational priority. He and the state Department of Education have expressed confidence that the curriculum will soon be adopted by other states as well.

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Musk appointed co-director of Pentagon future warfare initiative

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The world’s richest man, Elon Musk, has assumed the co-directorship of a Pentagon initiative focused on the future of warfare, known as “Project Meridian”.

Musk’s new role was announced by US Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth.

Musk, who has long expressed his conviction that wars will ultimately be fought with autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, will advise the project as co-director alongside Palmer Luckey, founder of defence start-up Anduril, and former Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich.

In a memorandum issued at the Pentagon, Hegseth stated that the group would “examine the battlefields of the future” and “determine which weapons and technologies warfighters must employ to achieve dominance in these environments.”

During his “State of the Force” address at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Hegseth said:

“The best predictors of future conflict do not reside exclusively within the Pentagon. Obvious biases and risks arise when we task ourselves with both framing the questions and answering them.”

Hegseth stated that this initiative would commence immediately and that, following his address, he would convene with Musk, Luckey, and Gingrich at a secure location.

Project Meridian will have 120 days to “ruthlessly map the trajectory of wars, domains, and technologies”, a process that will culminate in the public disclosure of its findings alongside a classified annex.

Hegseth outlined an expansive mandate extending “from beneath the surface of the Earth to beyond the Moon.”

Rather than formulating new military strategies or policies, the panel will seek to identify “the domains we must seize and the capabilities we must master”, focusing on the effort to “discover, develop, and field” the weapons and systems that next-generation American troops may require.

The group is expected to submit a report containing recommendations to him by the end of January.

In 2024, Musk remarked: “Future wars will be entirely about drones and hypersonic missiles.” This was merely one of several similar statements he has made in recent years.

For Musk, whose oversight role at the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) ended in turmoil and escalated into a dispute with President Donald Trump over Trump’s spending bill, this appointment marks his formal return to government in an official capacity.

Musk and Trump ultimately reconciled, and Musk attended a meeting on artificial intelligence safety at the White House this week alongside other technology leaders.

Meridian forms part of a broader push announced by Hegseth to restructure the military around autonomous warfare and rapidly advancing technologies.

Hegseth announced the establishment of the Autonomous Warfare Command (AUTOWARCOM), a new four-star combatant command endowed with what he termed “service-like authorities” to scale autonomous and robotic capabilities across the joint force.

The Department of War will also begin phasing in new occupational frameworks across all military branches to establish specialised career tracks for what Hegseth described as “the next generation of autonomous warfighters.”

“We should have conceived an Autonomous Warfare Command a decade ago,” Hegseth said, explaining that Meridian aims to gaze far enough ahead to enable the military to anticipate the next technological shift rather than lag behind.

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Pentagon breach exposes personal records of three million people

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A cyberattack targeting the US Department of War’s personnel database has resulted in the leak of personal information belonging to approximately 3 million people.

Speaking to ABC News, a Pentagon official stated that the system accessed by unauthorised individuals contained the records of 2,760,000 living persons and 294,000 deceased individuals.

The Military Times portal, which first broke the news, had reported the number of affected individuals as approximately 4 million based on two sources. The Pentagon official subsequently conveyed different figures to ABC News.

The leak encompasses Social Security numbers and duty information belonging to military personnel and civilian employees. According to an official notification examined by Military Times, the compromised records may also include names, dates of birth, contact information, sex, race, and military occupational specialties.

The unauthorised access to the information system of the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) lasted for approximately nine months, between October 2025 and 16 July 2026.

ABC News reported that the access in question was obtained by a small number of third-party users. The vulnerability was closed after it was identified.

The DMDC is considered one of the Pentagon’s primary personnel records centres. More than 60 million records belonging to active-duty personnel, reservists, civilian staff, contractors, retirees, veterans, and military family members are stored at the centre.

The Pentagon has not detected any evidence that the leaked data has been misused. Military Times reported that affected individuals were offered identity restoration and credit history monitoring services.

A similar data breach previously occurred on the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) recruitment website, FBIJobs.gov. According to information obtained by ABC News from internal communications and sources, the FBI is considering the possibility that data belonging to its entire staff may have been stolen.

The New York Times (NYT) examined a portion of the stolen FBI records. Home addresses, telephone numbers, official email addresses, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, hiring dates, and emergency contact details for relatives were identified within these documents.

The database also contained unit designations, duty roles, and information regarding the supervisors of personnel. Some records revealed assignments within counterintelligence and counternarcotics units, as well as departments examining threats originating from Russia, China, and Iran.

Ciaran Martin, the former head of the UK National Cyber Security Centre, noted that this type of breach could directly affect the FBI’s operational capabilities.

The hacker group known as ShinyHunters had announced that it had seized medical data and security clearance records alongside files belonging to tens of thousands of active and former FBI employees.

Experts evaluating the matter for the NYT warned that this information could be used to track agents, threaten their families, or compile dossiers by foreign intelligence services.

The ShinyHunters group initially threatened to release the data unless the bureau withdrew an advisory it had published concerning the group’s attack methods.

The group later asserted that it had never intended to leak the information and characterised its action as an advertising campaign.

In a report published in May, Reuters noted that the personal data of US military personnel had been used in surveillance and attack preparations.

According to the agency, Washington’s adversaries gained the ability to pinpoint areas where troops were concentrated by exploiting commercially available location data. US lawmakers at the time criticised the Pentagon for failing to adequately protect the personal data of military personnel.

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Canada diversifies oil and gas exports away from US

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US President Donald Trump’s trade policy and the Washington administration’s push to increase Venezuelan oil imports are prompting Canada to diversify its energy exports.

According to a report by The Wall Street Journal, recent developments are accelerating Canada’s development of new oil and natural gas projects.

Steps taken by the Ottawa administration, which aspires to become an energy superpower, are seen as potentially strengthening the country’s position in global markets.

In Canada, the world’s fourth-largest oil producer and fifth-largest natural gas producer, the energy sector accounts for approximately one-fifth of total exports.

Almost all of the country’s natural gas exports and approximately 90% of its oil exports go to the US.

The newspaper writes that the trade war with Washington and the atmosphere of confrontation entered into with Iran have heightened Canada’s desire to turn to alternative markets outside the US.

Officials plan to increase shipments of oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) to European and Asian markets.

Accelerating infrastructure investments in line with this target, Canada is also shortening approval processes. The government is prioritising the construction of an oil pipeline extending specifically to the west coast.

According to the newspaper’s estimate, if major pipeline projects are implemented, Canada’s daily oil transport capacity could rise to 6.8 million barrels by 2034.

Routes heading to the west coast will make up approximately 30% of this capacity.

The Canadian administration is simultaneously advancing LNG export projects. According to the report, these investments could allow approximately 55% of Canadian natural gas exports to be directed to markets outside the US by the early or mid-2030s.

While the government expands tax incentives for the oil and natural gas sector, the province of Alberta also plans to overhaul its royalty system.

However, the newspaper notes that implementing the new projects requires heavy investment, and the process depends on the final decisions taken by producers as well as the completion of regulatory approval processes.

The expansion of pipeline and LNG infrastructure could gradually reduce Canada’s dependence on the US market while raising its share in the global energy market.

The Canadian Prime Minister’s demand to reduce reliance on the US market had also come to the fore in July.

According to Carney’s statement, the province of Alberta submitted a plan for a pipeline spanning more than 1,000 kilometres to the west coast of British Columbia.

Targeted for completion by September 2027, the line will reach the Pacific coast by following an existing corridor through the mountainous terrain.

This shift in energy comes at a time of strained relations with the US. Donald Trump said that if Canada obtains associate member status in the European Union, he could halt trade with Europe in certain sectors and impose high tariffs.

As reported by the Associated Press, Trump characterised such a rapprochement as a “potentially hostile act”.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen had proposed opening the path for Canada to become the EU’s first associate member. The terms of this associate membership status, which is not defined in EU treaties, are not yet clear and require the approval of member states to enter into force.

Canada, which does not seek full membership, aims for maximum rapprochement with the EU.

Following Trump’s return to the White House, relations between Washington and Ottawa deteriorated. The Trump administration, which repeatedly called on Canada to become the “51st state” of the US, introduced additional tariffs.

In July, the US began imposing 50% tariffs on certain Canadian-origin goods.

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