Europe
Former German general calls for new ‘Congress of Vienna’ following US strike on Venezuela
Following the US attack on Venezuela and the abduction of President Nicolás Maduro, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz characterized the legal classification of the American operation as “complex.”
However, former Brigadier General and Angela Merkel’s former military advisor Erich Vad argued in an interview with the Berliner Zeitung daily that the situation is clear. Vad emphasized that the operation is a blatant violation of the central principles of international law.
“This action violated a series of international law principles,” Vad said, drawing attention specifically to the prohibition on the use of force, the principle of non-intervention in internal affairs, the obligation to settle disputes peacefully, and respect for territorial integrity. The former general summarized his assessment with the words: “This was definitely contrary to international law.”
“The number one strategic area of interest for the US”
Vad warned that the strategic justifications of the US should not be ignored. Pointing out that Venezuela has significantly increased its military cooperation with Russia in recent years, Vad drew attention to arms shipments, the deployment of the S-300 air defense system, and the presence of Russian military advisors and technicians in the country within this scope.
Vad also stated that Venezuela is cooperating with Iran in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and that China is providing technical and logistical support to the Caracas administration.
Emphasizing Venezuela’s proximity to the Caribbean, which Vad described as “the number one strategic area of interest for the Americans,” the former advisor expressed that the world’s largest proven oil reserves in the region, as well as serious economic and security interests, also played a role.
Stating that these factors must be taken into account in the political assessment of the attack but do not alter the legal situation, Vad said, “For me, this situation continues to be extremely problematic.”
Answering a question regarding the political message of the attack, Vad referred to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which has come to the fore again in the current US national security strategy.
Noting that the fundamental message of this doctrine is the US claim to a shaping hegemony in the Western Hemisphere, Vad assessed that “the Trump administration is interpreting this very broadly.”
Arguing that the signaling effect in the international arena is dangerous, Vad warned that China could see itself as justified regarding Taiwan, and Russia regarding its actions in Ukraine.
“If we continue like this, sooner or later we will find ourselves in the middle of a major conflict,” Vad said.
The former general emphasized the need for a new rules-based international order that recognizes multipolarity and strengthens international law rather than weakening it.
“Europe could become the plaything of great powers”
Calling for urgent action for Europe, Vad stated that Europe must position itself as an independent and sovereign actor at a time when the US is shifting its strategic focus to Asia.
“Otherwise, we will continue to be the plaything of great powers,” Vad said.
Also criticizing the silence of European governments following the US attack, Vad argued that the leaders’ failure to clearly name the violation of international law is a fatal signal.
Stating that Europe faces the danger of remaining in a dependency based on power politics, Vad expressed that Germany, France, and the UK need to take responsibility, but that these countries currently possess limited political enforcement power and are under serious domestic pressure.
“The path to anarchy is paved”
Vad also issued warnings regarding the repercussions of the erosion of international law and continued violations on domestic politics.
Stating that the disregard for international law affects the domestic politics of Western societies, Vad expressed that if the impression is created that law and statutes have become arbitrary, legal security in democratic societies will be shaken and trust in legal regulatory systems will be lost.
Reminding that the US experienced extreme social polarization with the raid on Congress and that right-wing populist forces are on the rise in Europe as well, Vad assessed that if political camps fall under the impression that law and statutes no longer offer a binding direction, “the path to anarchy is paved.”
“A new Congress of Vienna is needed”
Reminding that wars contrary to international law, from Vietnam to Iraq, are not a new phenomenon, Vad argued that precisely for this reason, a new political beginning is needed.
As a solution proposal, Vad suggested a kind of “new edition” of the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Stating that there is a need for a concert of powers that defines areas of interest, determines prohibitions on intervention, and stabilizes the international order in a world that has become multipolar, Vad warned, “Otherwise, everyone will be left in chaos,” and added: “We urgently need a supranational, resilient consensus in the context of war and peace.”
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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