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Germany begins reform of Bundeswehr for ‘combat readiness’

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To get Germany’s embattled armed forces (Bundeswehr) back on track, the government will reorganise the command structure and make cyber and information technology a fully-fledged military unit on a par with the navy, air force and ground forces, Defence Minister Boris Pistorius announced on Thursday (4 April).

Germany has announced sweeping changes since the war in Ukraine, with Chancellor Olaf Scholz promising a “turning point” to rebuild its underfunded defence capabilities.

In a similar vein, Defence Minister Boris Pistorius pushed to make the armed forces ‘combat-ready’, insisting that he would introduce a new structure for the army this autumn, less than a year after taking office.

The minister unveiled his reforms on Thursday, outlining changes to be implemented over the next six months.

“The aim is to restructure the Bundeswehr so that it is optimally prepared even in the most serious situation, (…) in the event of war,” Pistorius told reporters, pointing out that Germany must take a leading role in European defence. We must ensure that NATO can fulfil its role [in countering threats]. This also means (…) preparing the Bundeswehr for national and alliance defence, a new and old challenge,” he said.

According to the minister, Germany has a “special responsibility” as the largest European member of NATO and Europe’s largest economy.

“Nobody should be tempted to attack Nato territory, that’s what we want to make clear,” the SPD minister said.

Pistorius said one of the ministry’s key demands was that the Bundeswehr be made available for compulsory military service in Germany, should a decision be taken to reintroduce it. In 2011, Berlin abolished the option of serving in non-military organisations in addition to compulsory military service.

The Defence Ministry’s proposal for a national service model for young adults will be presented to German politicians in the coming weeks.

The Nordic model, in which military service would be voluntary and gender-neutral, as in countries such as Sweden, is seen as a possible candidate.

A key element emphasised by Pistorius is the simplification of the chain of command and points of contact for allies through a new overarching Operations Command.

This will consolidate the separate command centres that were previously divided between external defence, internal defence and territorial defence.

The new joint command will serve as a single operational point of contact not only for NATO and the EU, but also for German authorities and organisations with security responsibilities at federal and state level.

Pistorius also announced that he was elevating the cyber and IT department to the status of a fully-fledged fourth service branch, on an equal footing with the navy, air force and army.

“We have elevated cyber to the level of a subordinate force so that the value we attach to this area is clearly recognised,” said German Chief of Staff Carsten Breuer on Thursday.

All four services will be supported by a joint support sector, which includes key functions such as medical services, logistics and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN or NBC) defence.

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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