Asia
Backward thinking will not steer Afghanistan toward economic development
Afghanistan is considered rich in natural resources among other countries. It is said that the country has approximately one trillion dollars worth of natural resource reserves. Over the years, it has been continuously reiterated that if the government of Afghanistan can extract these reserves and use the money to strengthen the economy, Afghanistan’s economy will rapidly improve. This improvement would extend to the well-being of its citizens, propelling the country into a rapid development trajectory, and transforming it into an influential player in the world. It’s not expected that ordinary citizens, unfamiliar with the complexities of the economic world and the prerequisites of development, would engage in scientific discourse or provide flawless comprehensive views.
However, it’s peculiar that even national experts in the field of development and economy sometimes believe that extracting natural resources and utilizing them will work like a miracle, potentially elevating the country’s economy and welfare within a few years. Following this common belief, the Taliban, since their return to power, have focused primarily on mining and have entered into contracts in this regard with various foreign companies. Certainly, in the absence of transparency in the Taliban’s operations, it is unclear how the funds acquired from this endeavor are managed and allocated. Recently, the George W. Bush Institute claimed that the Taliban, in cooperation with some regional countries, are engaged in plundering Afghanistan’s mines. Regardless of the calamity the Taliban bring upon Afghanistan’s mines and natural reserves, it’s necessary to address the question: does the utilization of Afghanistan’s natural resources indeed play a crucial role in improving the country’s economy and contributing to development?
The most important point in this regard is that merely possessing natural resources and reserves cannot bring about a significant transformation in a country’s economy. We currently have examples of countries that are much richer in natural resources than Afghanistan, yet due to corruption, incompetence of officials, and the mafia-like behavior of intermediaries with divine wealth, the existence of natural resources has not helped them much but rather caused numerous other problems. Conversely, many advanced countries in the world are absolutely poor in terms of natural resources, yet their leaders have found ways, through scientific management and rational planning, not only to compensate for the absolute poverty in terms of natural resources but also to elevate themselves to the highest levels in terms of industry and development. The central point is that progress and advancement, on the one hand, depend on developments and progress in other areas of life, and on the other hand, they rely on the scientific rationality of officials and their proper understanding of the complexities and nuances of economic relationships.
Which country considered best in terms of economic success
It’s worth mentioning Milton Friedman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist and one of the leaders of the Chicago School of Economics, in this context. In response to a question about which country he considered the best in terms of economic success and development, he published an article in The New York Times. According to him, the best country in this regard is Taiwan because it lacks natural resources, all of its land is rocky and unsuitable for cultivation, and it is surrounded by the sea, with storm waves coming at it from all sides. Taiwan needs to import everything, even sand and gravel, and it must rely on other countries for these resources. Despite all these challenges, it’s astonishing that a country facing such daunting hurdles is the fourth-largest financial reserve holder globally. According to Friedman, the remarkable success of Taiwan lies in its reliance on the capacity, workforce, and initiative of its people, rather than the pursuit of mines and natural riches. Human resources are inexhaustible and renewable.
One of the golden points in Friedman’s remarks in the article he penned for The New York Times is that the progress of countries in the twenty-first century can be measured by how successful they are in educating effective educators, providing useful education and upbringing for their children, and strengthening diligence and seriousness in them, as well as investing in an appropriate educational system. The results achieved through education and training determine the power and wealth of nations, not the money obtained through the sale of natural resources such as oil, diamonds, and gold.
Friedman concludes his essay by stating, “It’s good for a country to have oil, gas, and diamonds, but if these riches are not managed properly or are not spent to develop the knowledge and skills of the country’s citizens, they will not bring much benefit.”
The purpose of quoting one of the foremost economists of our time is to clarify that contrary to the propaganda the Taliban have propagated, the solution to eradicating poverty and generating wealth for a country is not possessing natural resources and underground riches. Freedom from poverty and prosperity requires precise and long-term scientific planning. A government that, through its misguided policies, creates conditions conducive to the flight of young and skilled labor to other countries should by no means expect miracles to happen. A regime that is preoccupied with expelling its citizens and, with suffocating restrictions, driving them to foreign lands, if it believes that it can help strengthen the economy by extracting and selling underground resources, is making a fatal mistake.
How a nation can achieve economic development when it deprives its people from education
Under the shadow of the Taliban regime, education is in its worst state, which can be described as a state of decay. Not only has this regime deprived half of the society of acquiring sufficient literacy, but by ideologicalizing the education system, it has severely restricted access to modern and useful education. Many male students and students have been prevented from continuing their education. When the Taliban speak of the necessity of improving the country’s economy, they blatantly lie. How can you, by employing medieval teachings restricting men and women and depriving them of awareness of the latest human achievements in various fields, improve a country’s economy?
Moreover, the lack of transparency mechanisms in the extraction and utilization of underground resources, and the absence of institutions to oversee how the money obtained is spent, are the most significant obstacles to the proper and rational use of the funds derived from these resources. Nigeria is one of the countries rich in oil resources and also has vast fertile land, but in practice, natural riches have not only failed to save this country from poverty and misery, but have also led to the strengthening of the mafia economy and terrifying administrative corruption at various levels of government, and has somehow increased the presence of criminal militias in the country. According to the authors of the book “Why Nations Fail,” the economic backwardness and progress of countries primarily depend on the presence of powerful inclusive institutions. This is while the Taliban, through monopolizing power and staunch opposition to democratic institutions, have endeavored to weaken and even destroy institutions that were semi-functional in the past.
No noticeable change in the Afghan economic situation despite extraction of mineral resources
According to reports from reputable international organizations, the Taliban have so far earned billions of dollars from the extraction and sale of Afghanistan’s natural resources. However, there has been no noticeable change in the economic situation of citizens. If it were not for the aid sent to Afghanistan by the United States and its allies weekly, the country’s already weak economy would likely collapse rapidly. Currently, more than half of Afghanistan’s population relies on foreign aid, and if this aid is not provided, a humanitarian catastrophe will occur, and some individuals may die of starvation.
The Taliban are using the proceeds from the sale of mines and underground resources to strengthen and equip their military forces as much as possible and also use this money for their purposes. The Taliban’s handling of the wealth obtained through the sale of underground resources or other means is akin to seizing war booty in medieval wars and thus they do not consider themselves accountable. It is not inappropriate that in the literature of this group, the occupation of various cities of the country is called “conquest,” and they use the same terms that were prevalent in defining the relations between empires in the Middle Ages. The Taliban rule with a modern foreign government and, by dealing with national assets in a medieval manner, are reducing the chances of economic progress and human development in the country more than ever. Those who have recently descended from the mountains and villages to the cities and do not understand the complex economic mechanism believe that by collecting tithes, alms, taxes, and additional levies from the people, they can achieve economic prosperity. However, these actions not only do not contribute to improving the economy at inappropriate times and places but also severely damage it. Economic progress requires a comprehensive plan and transformation and advancement in other areas. One of the prerequisites for economic transformation is the flourishing of creative forces in all fields. (HashteSubhDaily)
Asia
Pentagon plans covert spy ring for economic war on China, report says
The US Department of War (Pentagon) is reportedly planning to establish an extensive network of deep-cover agents to wage economic warfare against China and other adversaries of the US.
According to a report by The Washington Post citing six sources familiar with the initiative, the plan has not yet been put into effect. The newspaper reported that the initiative remains at the planning stage. The Pentagon, however, denies that any such initiative exists.
The report said the operatives would pose as entrepreneurs or private sector employees while concealing their ties to the US government. The network’s mission would be to gather economic intelligence and counter China.
The programme is led by Tom Rakusa, who spent 39 years at the CIA. Rakusa serves as a senior adviser to Deputy Secretary of Defence Steve Feinberg.
The proposed spy network is seen as part of a broader policy by the Donald Trump administration to sharpen economic competition with other countries.
The US is already resorting to tariffs, export controls, and investment in strategic sectors, alongside expanding its economic intelligence gathering.
According to The Washington Post, the new initiative demonstrates the Pentagon’s growing influence under the Trump administration. The department is currently seeking a record budget of $1.5 trillion.
Trade war flares up again with Trump’s return to the White House
The trade friction between the US and China flared up again following Donald Trump’s return to the White House. In April 2025, Washington raised tariffs on Chinese goods to as much as 145%, and Beijing retaliated with tariffs of up to 125%.
In May, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio described China as the primary geopolitical challenge facing Washington. Rubio said that to avoid war, the two sides needed to manage their conflict of interests.
In July, Chinese expert Zheng Yongnian did not simply warn that underestimating the US could prove to be a “fatal mistake”; he stated it explicitly.
According to Zheng’s assessment, the US maintains its primacy through the role of the dollar, its military superiority, and its technological advantages.
Even so, the two sides agreed in June to declare a truce and lower tariffs. In autumn 2026, the US and China extended their trade truce until 10 January 2027.
US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the extension would give the parties more time to discuss economic issues.
Trade deals do not eliminate the strategic contradictions between the two countries. Financial Times columnist Rana Foroohar likened the race between the two nations for commercial, technological, and geopolitical influence to the 19th-century “Great Game” between the Russian and British empires.
Foroohar cited China’s standing in shipbuilding and commercial maritime transport, as well as its expanding footprint in overseas ports, among its key advantages.
Asia
Japan plans curbs on short-term home sales to cool urban prices
Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) plans to restrict short-term property trading to rein in surging home prices in major urban centres, particularly Tokyo.
Led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, the party aims to make support for working households a core priority ahead of local elections scheduled for April next year.
The LDP’s research commission on housing and land policy met on Wednesday to discuss the issue.
According to a report by the Nikkei Asia newspaper, Commission Chair and LDP lawmaker Midori Matsushima said at the opening of the meeting: “Prices of newly built condominiums across Tokyo’s 23 wards have doubled over the past decade. We must work on measures ensuring that people who wish to live in these homes can actually afford to buy them.”
Homeownership in the capital has become virtually unattainable for broad segments of the population. According to data from the Real Estate Economic Institute, the average sale price of a newly built condominium in Tokyo’s 23 wards rose %18.5 in fiscal 2025 compared with the previous year, reaching 137.84 million yen (around $872,000).
Meanwhile, statistics from the Ministry of Labour show that the average annual income of a full-time worker in the capital remained at 6.78 million yen in fiscal 2025. This widening gap between incomes and residential property prices is directly shaping political priorities.
During its campaign for the House of Representatives election in February, the LDP pledged to curb speculative transactions across metropolitan Tokyo and other regions. Earlier this month, a party project team focused on policies concerning foreign nationals also submitted a recommendation urging the government to introduce immediate tax measures against rising home prices.
Under current legislation, profits realized from properties sold within five years of acquisition are classified as “short-term capital gains”. These returns face a tax rate approaching %40, including income tax and local inhabitant tax.
Although this rate is twice the approximately %20 levied as “long-term capital gains” tax on properties held for more than five years, several party members argue it remains insufficient to deter speculation. Calls to tighten the framework may be considered as part of the annual tax reform package to be drafted in December alongside the LDP’s coalition partner, the Japan Innovation Party.
The ruling bloc wants to present concrete housing pledges to voters heading to the polls in April across numerous urban centres, including 22 of Tokyo’s wards where local assembly terms expire.
“We need to support families with children, who are typically at the stage of purchasing a home,” a senior LDP official said.
Opposition parties are also preparing alternative proposals that target not only prospective homebuyers, but also residents forced into the rental market by high property prices and now affected by escalating rents.
Tax steps take precedence over limits on foreign buyers
Several countries seeking answers to housing affordability pressures have imposed direct restrictions on foreign purchasers. In South Korea, real estate policies played a major part in the declining public approval ratings of President Lee Jae Myung.
In August 2025, authorities in Seoul introduced an approval requirement for foreign nationals buying homes in the capital and adjacent areas, while also mandating that buyers reside in the properties for at least two years.
Canada and Australia have enacted temporary bans on foreign residential purchases, while Singapore levies a %60 additional stamp duty on foreign buyers.
The role of overseas investors in Japan’s property market also drew debate during the February election. However, restrictions aimed directly at foreign nationals are viewed as potentially conflicting with international trade and services agreements.
Consequently, rather than imposing restrictions based on the nationality of buyers, the government is discussing tax measures aimed at speculative real estate deals, such as rapid resales.
Fears that sharp market measures could shake regional banks
Concerns have also surfaced that aggressive steps to force down prices could harm the wider national economy.
A senior LDP tax official cautioned that a steep drop in land prices could weaken local financial institutions, warning: “We must consider the impact on regional banks.”
The real estate sector accounts for roughly %18 of total lending by Japanese banks. This proportion sits well above the %10 level recorded during Japan’s bubble economy of the mid-to-late 1980s.
At certain regional banks, property lending accounts for nearly half of total loan portfolios.
According to March 2025 data from the Financial Services Agency, approximately one-quarter of all loans extended by regional banks to the real estate sector are concentrated directly in Tokyo’s five central wards.
Buoyant asset valuations, supported in part by rising stock indices, have underpinned strong public approval for the Takaichi administration. Observers note that property interventions designed to cool the market could drag down equity prices and weaken the government’s standing.
A senior official on the LDP research commission stressed that decision-makers must act with caution regarding the scope and timing of any measures intended to bring price increases under control.
Asia
South Korea plans $120B spend on eight US nuclear power plants
South Korea will spend $120 billion to construct eight nuclear power plants in the US under an agreement that provides for $350 billion in investments in exchange for lower tariffs.
The South Korean government also announced that Seoul and Washington will begin examining a liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in Alaska comprising a large-scale pipeline to transport natural gas from the north of the state to the south, alongside the construction of an LNG terminal for exports overseas.
Seoul stated that a decision regarding the LNG project will be made following a commercial feasibility study. However, US President Donald Trump said that South Korea would invest $54 billion in the project, pointing to an apparent lack of full coordination between the two sides on the matter.
Trade and Industry Minister Kim Jung-kwan said in a statement: “This announcement opens a new horizon of cooperation where the two countries join forces to develop joint commercial ventures in strategic areas directly linked to economic security and future sectors such as artificial intelligence, nuclear energy, and LNG.”
“We will adhere to the principle of prioritising national interests and investing solely in commercially viable projects,” Kim said.
Speaking at the White House, Trump characterised South Korea’s plans as “one of the largest energy infrastructure investments in American history”.
The announcement followed a meeting between Trump and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung roughly one year ago at the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting held in South Korea, where they agreed on the creation of a $350 billion investment fund.
Under that agreement, $150 billion was allocated to the shipbuilding sector and $200 billion to other sectors. In return, the US announced it would reduce tariffs imposed on goods imported from South Korea from 25% to 15%.
Under the nuclear power project, South Korea’s state-controlled utility will build two plants in the US, while Pennsylvania-based Westinghouse Electric will construct six plants.
According to the South Korean government, this will mark the first instance in which a foreign country builds its own nuclear power plants in the US.
South Korean firms are also evaluating the possibility of acquiring a stake in Westinghouse as part of negotiations over sharing profits generated by the project.
South Korea additionally announced that it will build a $22.3 billion natural gas-fired power plant in Texas with a capacity of 6,472 megawatts.
The facility will be designed to supply electricity directly to nearby data centres. The project’s first phase is targeted to begin commercial operations in 2029, with full-capacity operations slated for 2032.
Seoul also disclosed that it had agreed to allow the US to receive 50% of the profits generated by the projects until South Korea recoups all of its investments.
After South Korea fully recovers its total investment amount, 90% of the profits will go to the US.
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