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Iran and Pakistan missile firings: Tit-for-tat or diplomacy failure

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Pakistan did not remain silent over Iran’s brazen missile attack on an alleged militant group inside the country’s Balochistan region as it fired back against what it had claimed as rebel-held sites in Iranian territory. The exchange of fires between the two neighbors marked an explosive new development in growing unrest in the Middle East since the outbreak of deadly war in Gaza, the new wave of clashes in Yemen and now toward South Asia.

It was Iran which fired first on Tuesday and Pakistan responded on Thursday and Islamabad called it a clear violation of its national territory. Both sides claimed that they had targeted hideouts of the separatist Baloch militants but the reports speak otherwise and the civilians were the victims on both sides. Iranian state media reported the death toll from Pakistan’s missile attack in southeastern Sistan-Baluchistan region has reached to ten, including three women and four children. Three civilians, including two children were also killed in Iran’s attack on Pakistani soil.

The attack, of course, further deteriorated the ties between the two nuclear weapons neighbors which indeed is not in their interest at all. Both Iran and Pakistan apparently have a clear interest in finding a ceiling for this conflict and pathway toward de-escalation. At the same time, it is not simply possible as Iran is angrier now because the diplomacy approach failed to convince Islamabad not to retaliate.

China works to ease tensions between Iran and Pakistan

However, the mediation process has been scrambled, especially by China which has a very good tie with both the countries.

China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Mao Ming expressed her country’s willingness to play a constructive role in easing tensions between Iran and Pakistan

“China has always advocated that relations between countries should be handled in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and international law, and that the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of all countries should be effectively respected and maintained,” Mao stated.

She furthered: “Iran and Pakistan are close neighbors, friendly countries to China, and countries with important influence. China sincerely hopes that both sides can maintain calm and restraint and avoid escalating tensions. If needed, we are also willing to play a constructive role in alleviating the situation.”

Meanwhile, Afghanistan, the closest neighbor to both Iran and Pakistan had deemed the recent violence between Iran and Pakistan alarming, and called on the two neighboring countries to exercise restraint.

“In light of the region’s newfound peace and stability after protracted imposed wars and instability, both sides should direct efforts towards further strengthening regional stability and resolving disputes through diplomatic channels and dialogue,” Taliban Foreign Ministry Spokesman Abdul Qahar Balkhi said.

Iran’s enemy has spoken of course negatively

However, US President Joe Biden said that the recent clashes between Iran and Pakistan indicate Iran’s lack of popularity in the region.

Youth activists of Muslim Talba Mahaz (MTM) holding a banner shout slogans during a protest against Iranian air strike, in Islamabad on January 18, 2024. AFP

“As you can see, Iran is not particularly well-liked in the region, and where that goes, we’re working on now. I don’t know where that goes,” Biden said.

But US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller urged restraint among all parties amid escalating tensions between Iran and Pakistan, and lauded Pakistan’s emphasis on cooperative relations with its neighbors.

Attacking Pakistan was a mistake – diplomacy wins

An Iranian war expert said that Pakistan has been under attack for several years, and there was a wave of attacks on bordering sides against Pakistani soldiers, but Islamabad didn’t attack directly any country like Iran did. “I am not blaming Iran, but carrying out a missile attack inside Pakistan was not a right decision,” he told Harici.

Speaking on condition of anonymity, he said that Iran is already alone in the region, attacking Pakistan is making Iran more peril to terrorist attacks by different names and agenda. “We are already at war with Israel, Syria, Iraq, and now with Pakistan. We also fought with the Taliban in bordering areas. So, these are not good signs. We need friends not more enemies,” he added.

We need to think twice before taking any action, he said, adding that Iran should not lose its way with recent attacks in Kerman. “Iran should understand that the extremist groups like Islamic State (IS), who claimed responsibility for Kerman twin bombings, and Baloch militant groups, have no specific hideouts as they are just brain-made by the intelligence agencies of countries,” he added.

He said that Pakistan claimed it targeted militant sides, but the casualties all were civilians, including children and similarly to Iran’s claim attacking Pakistan. “My advice to the government of Iran is that do not retaliate again and the diplomacy channel must work to resolve the issue,” he added.

Pakistan convenes emergency security meeting  

Following a deadly airstrike exchanged between Islamabad and Tehran, the government of Pakistan has decided to hold an emergency meeting with military and intelligence chiefs on Friday. As of now, the meeting has not been held, however the national security committee meeting comes as both sides are apparently trying to reduce the tension. It has been reported that the Pakistani Chief of Army Staff and the head of Intelligence services are expected to attend the meeting.

Meanwhile, Pakistan foreign ministry in a statement described Iran as a brotherly country, stating that the people of Pakistan have great respect and affection for the Iranian people. “We have always emphasized dialogue and cooperation in confronting common challenges, including the menace of terrorism, and will continue to endeavor to find joint solutions,” the statement reads.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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