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Jaish al-Adl, a next door threat to Iran

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At least 11 Iranian police officers were killed in an armed attack claimed by the Jaish al-Adl group in southeastern Sistan and Baluchistan province. Iranian officials called the attack cowardly, and also said that some of the assailants involved in the attack on a police station in Rask city were killed and some others were taken into custody.

The Iranian officials did not provide further details on the identity of the detainees, but Iran’s police chief Ahmed Reza Radan has called for an urgent investigation into the attack.

In the last two years, Sistan and Baluchistan province has witnessed several attacks on security forces, and the Iranian officials blamed local terrorist groups for these attacks.

Why Jaish al-Adl is attacking Iran

It is worth mentioning that the Jaish al-Adl group has carried out several attacks against Iranian security forces in the past. Recently, militants associated with al-Adl have killed five Iranian border guards in the Sistan region. Another attack was five months ago when an unknown armed man killed two police officers in the same province. Nearly 25 other Iranian police officers received injuries.

Iranian mourners gather around coffins of Revolutionary Guards during their funeral in the city of Isfahan, February 2019. (AFP)

The important point is that the fighters of Jaish al-Adl had never carried out suicide bombings or planning landmines, rather they launch direct attacks against the security posts of the Iranian forces which indicates its complexity. But somehow, it also shows the intelligence failure of the Iranian spy agency to some extent.

What is the cause for increase in Jaish al-Adl’s attack; Apparently, there are two factors that the militants of Jaish al-Adl have often targeted Iran.

  • First – uncertainty in Zahedan city

Zahedan, the capital city of Sistan and Baluchistan province, has been in an almost unprecedented fever after the murder of Mahsa Amini. In 2022, Amini was killed right after she was arrested by the Iranian security forces for not wearing a proper hijab. Her death in custody for opposing mandatory hijab had sparked a wave of protests through Iran.

Meanwhile the sermons of Maulvi Abdulhamid Ismailzahi, a well-known cleric of Makki Zahedan Mosque, in defense of the “women, life, freedom” movement, which is still ongoing, made the atmosphere in Zahedan more insecure and caused the Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran to have a wider presence in this city.

Last year, the cleric Ismailzahi also spoke openly against a police officer who sexually assaulted a Baloch girl and caused massive protests in the region.

Deadly protests in Iran

The protest was organized after Friday prayer that was also called “Bloody Friday of Zahedan” in which more than a hundred people were killed. The outspoken Ismailzahi directly accused Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the leader of the Islamic Republic, of being involved in the killing of the protesters.

Ismailzahi’s critical sermons also caused the police to put more pressure on him and arrested his grandson Abdul Nasir and his bodyguard.

Following that, Maulvi Abdul Majid Muradzahi, a famous Sunni cleric and Ismailzahi’s advisor, was also arrested. These arrests appear more dangerous as more attention has been paid to the exclusion of Sunnis in Iran.

Sistan and Baluchistan Iran’s most deprived province

Moreover, Sistan and Baluchistan is the most deprived province of Iran, as if its continuous deprivation deliberately. What confirms this claim is Iran’s indifference to Sunni rights.

Iran’s Sunnis are not in political power, nor do they enjoy the necessary freedom to perform their religious practice. It is claimed that the Islamic Republic has a prejudiced view towards the Sunnis, especially the Baloch.

For example, most of those who are executed are Baloch from Zahedan. It may be claimed that they commit a crime, but committing a crime also has a reason: deprivation, poverty, discrimination, etc.

When the above challenges are mixed with religion, the situation becomes more inflammatory and provides space for groups that call themselves Islamists. The origin of Jaish al-Adl is also coming from this province of Iran.

Jaish al-Adl considers itself the defender of Sunnis

This group considers itself the defender of the Sunnis and the opponent of the Islamic Republic.

Fighters of the Jaish ul-Adl separatist group on the Iran-Pakistan border

Although Ismailzahi, the Sunni preacher of Makki Zahedan Mosque did not condemn this attack, he expressed his condolences to the families of the victims and emphasized the need to maintain the security of Sistan and Baluchistan.

It is in no way to be claimed that Ismailzahi is happy about the attack, but at least he wants to tells the Iranian government that the discriminatory treatment of the Baloch and the narrowing of the encirclement ring and the killing of the protestors have consequences, no matter which group has been carried out the attacks.

  • 2- The return of the Taliban to power

Taliban and Jaish al-Adl have two things in common – both are Sunni and their base of operations is in Pakistan. The Taliban’s return to power, heralded as a victory against NATO, has emboldened other extremist armed groups.

For example, Khaled Meshaal, a member of the Hamas leadership, said during his interview with Al-Arabiya TV after the October 7 attack that the US was defeated by the Taliban and Israel will be defeated by Hamas. It follows from this statement that Hamas may be influenced by the Taliban’s return to power, and made its mind to attack Israel to destroy its regime.

Jaish al-Adl, which has strong ties with the Taliban, is not satisfied with anything less than victory. For example, Rahmatullah Nabil, former head of National Directorate of Security of the former government, claimed that two years ago Pakistan had sent 600 Jaish al-Adl fighters to help the Taliban in Nimroz, Farah and Herat provinces.

Pakistan harboring Jaish e-Adl fighters

Nabil recently also claimed that the Taliban had overthrown Nimroz province with the help of Jaish al-Adl. In the beginning of this year, an Iranian newspaper claimed that the Taliban have entrusted the responsibility of the provinces of Nimroz, Farah and Herat to Jaish al-Adl. However, there is no clear indication or report that now Jaish al-Adl has been controlling these provinces, but it delivers a clear sign on the depth of the relationship between Taliban and Jaish al-Adl.

It would not be wise to claim that the Taliban armed Jaish al-Adl fighters and encouraged them to attack Iranian soil, but at the same time it is important to put a glance over the relationship between Iran and Taliban which is now not so good. Apparently, Taliban use Jaish al-Adl as a tool to pressure against Tehran as it used Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) against Islamabad. Apart from this, the presence of Taliban in Afghanistan also gives strength to Jaish al-Adl to attack Iran.

Foreign countries supporting Jaish al-Adl

If the claims of the Iranian government are investigated, other factors such as the involvement of the United States, UK, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates can also be considered effective. Tehran accuses these four countries of supporting Jaish al-Adl.

Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Commander-in-Chief Mohammad Ali Jafari.

Iran has recently claimed that Saudi Arabia and the UAE are providing financial support to Jaish al-Adl. For instance, IRGC commander-in-Chief Mohammad Ali Jafari, in response to the killing of several Iranian soldiers in an attack carried out by the fighters of Jaish al-Adl, requested former Iran President Hassan Rouhani to let the IRGC take revenge on Riyadh and Abu Dhabi. Such a statement shows Tehran’s suspicions towards those two countries to support Jaish al-Adl.

Moreover, in February 2019, Jafari had warned Pakistan to crack down on the armed group of Jaish al-Adl following a suiciding attack in the border province of Sistan Baluchistan that killed 27 members of the elite security forces. At that time, Jafari said that if Pakistan fails to punish them, Iran will do so based on international law and will retaliate against the terrorists.

MIDDLE EAST

Some Afghan journalists contemplating suicide; but why?

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In the past three years, the Taliban have severely limited access to information in Afghanistan and in some cases made it almost impossible. Many journalists who operate from the country say that the space for their activities is getting narrower every day.

These reporters state that in addition to self-censorship, they have experienced a kind of unwanted imprisonment and spend days and nights in their homes. They cannot move freely in the community for fear of interrogation and revenge from the Taliban.

In this report, two journalists have confirmed that they thought of suicide due to pressure from the Taliban. They say that life in Afghanistan has become difficult and that the Taliban have appeared as “death angle” and that if they did not have children, they would commit suicide.

These journalists are disappointed with the institutions that support the media and say that they have no way out of the existing problems. This is despite the fact that the Taliban have imposed more restrictions during the past month and have banned the publication of photos and images in five provinces.

One of the journalists who works under the Taliban regime says that the space for journalists to breathe and live is getting narrower and more limited every day. According to him, the Taliban have created an atmosphere where reporters and media spend day and night in worry and fear, and because of this, they cannot cover many events.

Taliban severely restricted the media landscape in Afghanistan, making it nearly impossible for journalist to operate

She emphasized that in some cases, due to the fear of the Taliban, she has covered news events a few days after they happened to prevent the Taliban from drawing attention and focusing on herself.

This reporter, who does not want to be named in the report, emphasizes that the difficult living conditions, the strict restrictions of the Taliban and the fear of being arrested and interrogated by this group made her think of suicide.

Samera, one of the Afghan female journalists, using her pin name for security reason, said that the painful experience of working under the Taliban rule has made her think about suicide many times. She says that she was once arrested by the Taliban for filming for news coverage.

“My arrest by the Taliban was the most bitter and painful experience, which made forced me to think of committing suicide,” She lamented.

This journalist says: “When the Taliban arrested me, I was thinking what my family, my colleagues and the community would say if I stayed in the prison at night?”

She furthered, “Because the arrest of a woman by the Taliban willfully or unwittingly has negative and harmful consequences that one cannot think of anything other than suicide.”

When the Taliban took some journalists, including females to the court, one of them said “why did you bring them, you should have shot them.”

“There I saw an old man who was the same age as my father. He threw himself at Talib’s feet and apologized, but Talib did not pay any attention to him,” she added.

An Afghan journalist said that he will commit suicide this time if Taliban arrest him

Omid, another journalist who used his pin name to avoid arrest, has thought of suicide many times, and he was also arrested several times. He says that despite his efforts, he did not succeed in leaving Afghanistan. “I’ll commit suicide if the Taliban arrest me once again,” he warned.

He furthered that he has heard a lot about torture and ill-treatment in the Taliban prison and has a horrible image of the prison scenes in his mind.

“Before the Taliban torture and insult me ​​in a terrible way, or take a video commitment from me… I prefer to put an end to this life,” he warned, adding that “I think that suicide is the only way to end all this suffering and misery.”

Another journalist who is currently in Pakistan also confirms that he thought of suicide due to mental and psychological problems. She says: “God is a witness to the hardships I experienced in Pakistan, it had ruined my soul and spirit so much that I thought if I committed suicide, I might get rid of these ordeals.”

In the past one month, the Taliban have continuously and systematically prevented the video activities of the media in a number of provinces across the country. After banning photography and filming, this group has now banned five provinces from these activities and announced that this restriction will be gradually applied in all provinces.

The Taliban authorities have informed the local media of the ban on taking pictures and publishing them, as well as banning the video interviews of their officials in Nangarhar province.

Azizullah Mustafa, the deputy governor of the Taliban in Nangarhar has ordered all the local employees that according to the order of the Taliban supreme leader it is forbidden to take pictures of living creatures and publish them, and the media is only allowed to communicate with Taliban officials.

Taliban already banned taking pictures of living creatures in five provinces in Afghanistan

Kandahar, Takhar, Badghis, Helmand and Nangarhar are among the provinces, where taking pictures of living creatures and publishing them, as well as video interviews, are completely prohibited.

The Taliban have closed three radio stations in Khost province during the past month under extensive pressure. “Gharghasht”, “Zheman” and “Long” radios have been blocked by the Taliban and they have resumed their activities after providing a written commitment to comply with the Taliban’s orders.

The Center of Afghan Journalists has already announced that the Taliban have imposed 17 restrictive directives against the media. These restrictions include preventing women from appearing on national radio and television, banning media coverage of demonstrations and civil protests, imposing restrictions on access to information and publishing news and reports, requiring journalists and media to introduce the Taliban regime as the “government of Afghanistan”.

Also, the Taliban have imposed restrictions on interviews with their opponents and critics. They have banned the broadcast of international television programs in Afghanistan and have imposed restrictions on publishing commercials with political, security and social content. In addition, the media have been prohibited from criticizing the work of Taliban officials, and filming, video interviews, and the publication of women’s voices have been prohibited from the media.

Also, it is forbidden to work with the media that have been declared “forbidden” by the Taliban, and in Helmand province, the publication of women’s voices in the local media is completely prohibited. Orders have also been issued to the media to refrain from using “foreign terms”, which refers to the use of “
“Persian words” for university and college. Prohibiting photography and filming in official and informal meetings of local Taliban officials in Kandahar, and banning girls from making phone calls to radios and televisions in Khost province are among the other restrictions imposed by the Taliban on domestic media in Afghanistan.

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MIDDLE EAST

ICC issues arrest warrant for Netanyahu and Gallant on war Crimes charges

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The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, citing war crimes in Gaza.

Despite sanctions and threats from Israel and the United States, the ICC’s decision was based on overwhelming evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Palestinians. Among the charges, Netanyahu and Gallant were accused of using starvation as a weapon, with the court stating these allegations are founded on “reasonable grounds.”

Israel reportedly employed its intelligence agency, the Mossad, to spy on, hack, pressure, defame, and allegedly threaten senior ICC officials in an effort to obstruct investigations. Although these efforts were partially exposed through the international press and statements from ICC staff, they failed to deter the Court’s proceedings.

The ICC also clarified that it is undeterred by Israel’s non-recognition of the Court’s authority or its rulings.

Additionally, the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Hamas leader Mohammed Diab Ibrahim Al-Masr on related charges.

While this ruling may not immediately halt Israeli military actions in Gaza or reduce U.S. support for Israel, it is likely to deepen divisions among European nations over their stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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MIDDLE EAST

Hamas: No hostages-for-prisoners swap deal with Israel unless Gaza war ends

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Khalil al-Hayya, a senior member of the Hamas Political Bureau, announced on Al-Aqsa TV that Hamas had accepted a proposal to form a committee to administer Gaza, with the condition that its operations be entirely local.

In his statement regarding the ongoing Gaza ceasefire talks, al-Hayya said: “An idea has been proposed to establish a committee for the administration of Gaza. This suggestion was made by our Egyptian brothers. We have responded responsibly and positively. We accept this proposal on the condition that the committee will operate in a fully localized manner, overseeing all aspects of daily life in Gaza.”

Earlier this month, representatives from both the Hamas and Fatah movements convened in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss a potential ceasefire and the establishment of this administrative committee.

Commenting on the indirect ceasefire and prisoner exchange negotiations between Hamas and Israel, al-Hayya stated: “There will be no prisoner exchange until the Israeli genocide stops. This is an interconnected equation. We are very clear on this: we want this aggression to end. These attacks must cease before any prisoner exchange can take place.”

Al-Hayya added that Hamas remains ready for a ceasefire agreement but emphasized that Israel must demonstrate genuine willingness to proceed. “We are engaging with mediating countries to advance ceasefire negotiations. However, Netanyahu is hindering progress in these talks for political reasons,” he said.

Since the escalation of violence on October 7, 2023, indirect negotiations between the parties have continued, with countries like Qatar mediating ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreements. Both the United States and Egypt have played supporting roles in these efforts.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has faced criticism domestically and from the international community for failing to secure a prisoner exchange agreement with Hamas. Analysts highlight those additional conditions introduced by Israel, particularly its insistence on maintaining control over the Egypt-Gaza border and the Philadelphi Corridor, have further complicated the negotiations.

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