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Media freedom situation in Afghanistan

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The Media Freedom Coalition (MFC) has announced that it has removed Afghanistan’s membership in the coalition, citing the deterioration in the country’s media freedom situation as a core reason behind it.

Canada and Netherlands, which jointly chair the global MFC, said that the situation of Afghan media is no longer in accordance with the country’s obligations and they have annulled its membership.

Afghanistan joined the coalition in January 2020 after fulfilling the Global Pledge, and committed to fulfill its global obligations towards freedom of expression. However, the MFC said the decision to remove Afghanistan from the coalition was made after consultation with the members of the coalition and in accordance with the membership conditions of this association.

MFC said that “for the coalition, it is clear that unfortunately the situation of media freedom in Afghanistan is no longer in accordance with the global commitment (of this country) and the current situation (of media freedom) is one of the serious concerns of (the coalition).”

The coalition also lamented the rapid loss of freedom of media in Afghanistan since last year due to persistent harassment, assaults, detentions, and exclusion of women from the media, putting journalists’ lives in danger every day. But the MFC will continue to keep a careful eye on the state of media freedom in Afghanistan.

A quick change on Afghanistan’s freedom of expression

There has been a quick change in the landscape of freedom of media in Afghanistan after regaining power by the Taliban in 2021. Hundreds of journalists and media workers left the country, and hundreds more became jobless within a night. Several news agencies, including some popular tv channels and newspapers closed due to political and economic pressures.

But it is not the end of the road, because still there are many media outlets active in Afghanistan and are making all out efforts to report impartially with all journalism ethics codes. But at the same time they are scrambling to get first hand news as access to information has been limited. There are also reports coming out over censorship that have made the free flow of information into serious challenges.

Reports of violence against journalists have also hit the peak and as per the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) report, there have been over 200 cases of journalist human rights violations recorded in the past over one year.

Over 245 cases of violence against journalists recorded during Taliban’s first year rule

Afghanistan Journalist Center said it acknowledges the concern of the MFC about the situation of freedom of expression in Afghanistan as it had recorded at least 245 incidents of violence against journalists and media workers during the one year of the Taliban rule from 15 August 2021 to 15 August 2022.

The center also recorded at least 130 cases of temporary detention with violence and threats from one to several hours or several days during the span of time. Among the detained journalists, Khalid Qadri, former presenter of Nowruz Radio in Herat province, has been sentenced to one year in prison for publishing his critical views on the Taliban government on social media.

The Taliban has urged to comply with its commitment regarding the applicability of the law of mass media and related laws and regulations (approved by the republican system) and while respecting the free media, it should immediately remove the restrictions imposed on the media outlets and journalists.

Taliban regretted expulsion of Afghanistan from MFC

Reacting to the expulsion of Afghanistan from MFC, the Taliban top official regretted the decision and said that the government is fully committed to support free media in Afghanistan.

Taliban advisor to the Ministry of Information and Culture, Abdul Matin Qani said that the ministry is committed to freedom of expression and fully supports media outlets and access to information in accordance with Islamic and national values.

The Taliban condemns the unilateral decision of the MFC to remove Afghanistan from the global coalition, according to Qani, blaming the MFC for not fully aware of the realities in Afghanistan. “The international community should understand the realities on the ground in Afghanistan and surely they are aware of the fact that Afghan media are operating freely and freedom of expression is there in Afghanistan,” the official said.

While calling the MFC’s decision regrettable, Qani said that the ministry will continue to support the freedom of expression and the media in Afghanistan. The MFC was asked to reconsider its decision.

However, the Taliban has apparently ordered the media not to publish news, reports, and analytical materials in opposition to and against the Taliban regime, ideology, and method of governance. Taliban had already banned broadcasting of foreign movies, TV series, and commercial advertisements that contain images of women. Female journalist’s appearances on the screen had already been restricted and they must wear a hijab during any news bulletin or interviews.

219 media outlets in Afghanistan stopped operations

219 media outlets in Afghanistan have stopped operations in the past one year. Out of 547 active media outlets in Afghanistan till 2021, only 328 media outlets have continued to operate after the Taliban seized power. Other media protecting agencies also said that the activities of 318 media outlets were stopped and nearly three thousand journalists lost their jobs during the past one year.

Indeed, the growth of an independent media in Afghanistan since 2001 was one of the greatest successes and most of these outlets were privately owned. Most of the government’s performance and activities are observed and covered by media and are criticized by media when required and it was effective somehow. But it was not like everything was perfect, and the media sector does not have challenges. Nearly 50 journalists were killed and hundreds of violations against the media have been recorded at that time. Several cases of journalist’s assassination remained uninvestigated, and in most of these incidents the previous government was blamed for.

However, the Taliban, the current ruler of Afghanistan, must let the media workers and journalists carry their jobs because journalism is not a crime but rather it plays a role of bridge connecting people to the government. In fact, the media has been considered as the fourth pillar of the state because it informs the government of situation on the ground.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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