Europe
German state prepares Deutsche Bahn and Lufthansa for war
War plans by the German Federal Ministry of Defence foresee a broader use of civilian logistics companies such as Deutsche Bahn or Lufthansa for transporting supplies to the front, training soldiers, and maintaining military equipment.
This information was published by the newspaper Handelsblatt. According to this, in the event of a war with Russia, the transport of NATO soldiers to the eastern front by Lufthansa aircraft is on the agenda.
It is stated that Lufthansa, which has been involved in the training of German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) transport pilots since the 1960s, could also undertake the training of fighter jet pilots in the future.
Furthermore, the company Lufthansa Technik Defense will transform into a defence company by undertaking the maintenance and repair of the Bundeswehr’s fighter jets, helicopters, and maritime patrol aircraft in the future.
German Railways (Deutsche Bahn), on the other hand, has committed to providing flat wagons for the transport of tanks upon request. According to reports, German Railways is also in talks with the German Armed Forces regarding the conversion of ICE wagons into sleeping cars for the transport of the wounded.
The Bundeswehr always officially utilizes civilian logistics companies for the transport of military equipment, as well as personnel transport.
The Operational Command Command confirmed to the newspaper Handelsblatt that “outside of crisis areas,” this is “almost entirely” the case.
Even in crisis areas, private companies carry out a “significant portion” of German military transport. For this purpose, the Bundeswehr has signed numerous transport framework agreements.
For example, contracts have been signed with Deutsche Bahn (DB) and Schenker, a long-standing subsidiary of DB which has now been taken over by the Danish logistics company DSV, as well as with DHL, Hermes, and Kühne & Nagel.
Among the most important contractors in road transport is Transa, a subsidiary of DB Cargo in Offenbach.
According to the Operational Command Command, the Bundeswehr is 100% dependent on civilian companies for the sea and air transport of oversized and heavy materials. For air transport, it uses wide-body aircraft belonging to Ukraine’s Antonov Airlines, which depart from Halle/Leipzig airport.
For strategic sea transport, a cooperation agreement has been signed with Denmark’s DFDS Seaways. Under this agreement, DFDS Seaways must provide three RoRo (roll-on/roll-off) vessels within 15 to 30 days if required.
In land transport, the central role in the transport of military equipment belongs to the DB company. DB holds a 24.9% stake in BwFuhrparkService, a service provider for the Bundeswehr.
DB, which is currently transporting heavy military equipment for troops stationed in Lithuania, coordinates the planning and execution of rail transport 100% together with its subsidiary DB Cargo, according to information provided by a Bundeswehr officer.
Logistics experts argue that the German railway system is in very poor condition and that sufficient transport capacity cannot be provided in a war situation.
Considering this situation, a large part of the 500 billion euro special fund will be used for the renovation of the railway network. The CDU/CSU and SPD coalition agreement prioritizes the expansion of railways eastward, towards Poland and the Czech Republic.
DB Cargo committed to providing 343 flat wagons in the short term for the transport of tanks in 2023. Furthermore, the conversion of container wagons into flat wagons is also planned if needed.
According to reports, the Bundeswehr is also in talks with DB regarding the conversion of ICE wagons into sleeping cars for the transport of the wounded.
The Bundeswehr is making extensive plans to expand cooperation with Lufthansa. These plans are not limited to transport projects.
Observers note that Lufthansa played a role in the evacuation of thousands of people from Afghanistan in August 2021: While Bundeswehr transport aircraft took the evacuees from Kabul to Tashkent in Uzbekistan, Lufthansa undertook their transport from there to Germany. The German airline reportedly earned approximately 5 million euros for a total of 17 Lufthansa charter flights.
However, in a war situation, Lufthansa’s aircraft will not be needed solely for evacuation. It is also on the agenda for the airline, which is still officially civilian, to conduct flights to transport thousands, or even tens of thousands, of soldiers from Germany and possibly other NATO countries to a new eastern front should conflicts break out.
Whether there are enough pilots and other crew members available is also uncertain, and theoretically, they cannot be assigned to wartime duties.
According to some insider information obtained by Handelsblatt, there are some pilots with a background in the air force who might volunteer, but it remains uncertain whether this will be sufficient.
Beyond this, the issue of expanding military training provided by Lufthansa has also come up.
This is not new in principle. Since 1963, there has been cooperation between the German Armed Forces and the Lufthansa Civil Aviation School in Bremen, and military transport aircraft pilots are also trained at this school.
Lufthansa Aviation Training also trains German armed forces transport pilots in Phoenix, US, and in simulators near Munich airport.
The airline also began training German Armed Forces drone pilots in 2012; these pilots must first undergo normal pilot training to acquire general aviation knowledge.
Currently, it is being discussed whether Lufthansa will also enter the basic training of air force fighter jet pilots. The company’s CEO, Carsten Spohr, announced in March that “very interesting and positive discussions” had taken place on this matter in recent months.
Handelsblatt states that if this happens, fighter jet pilots will receive their basic training at Lufthansa; only “certification and military pilot training” will be carried out by the Air Force, and in this case, the Air Force’s burden will be significantly reduced.
Finally, Lufthansa is trying to get new orders from the Bundeswehr for its technical division. It has been undertaking the Bundeswehr’s flight services for over 60 years and specifically carries out maintenance and repair work.
The company management had decided to get more involved in military business in 2019. This plan gained further momentum with the federal government’s initial allocation of a 100 billion euro special fund.
To benefit from these and future military expenditures, Lufthansa Technik established a subsidiary named “Defense”. This entity is conducting talks with the German Armed Forces regarding potential orders for the maintenance and repair of the US F-35 fighter jet and the Boeing Chinook CH-47 transport helicopter. Both aircraft will be purchased by the German Armed Forces.
In addition, Lufthansa aims to win the maintenance and repair tender for the P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft to be delivered to the German Navy. It is stated that the aircraft is based on the civilian short and medium-range Boeing 737, for which Lufthansa Technik has extensive maintenance experience.
Furthermore, Boeing also transferred the maintenance and repair of the P-8 maritime patrol aircraft supplied by the New Zealand Armed Forces to the German consortium at the end of 2022.
Therefore, Lufthansa wants to enter the military business not only nationally but also internationally.
Europe
Fico accuses Merz of blackmail over threat to veto EU budget
Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico has hit back after German Chancellor Friedrich Merz threatened to veto the EU budget unless funding for Ukraine is secured.
Merz said he would block the EU’s seven-year budget if no agreement is reached on financial assistance for Ukraine.
The chancellor’s intervention has angered Central European leaders who are net beneficiaries of EU funds but do not want to take part in the next round of funding to support Ukraine’s war effort.
“What the chancellor is doing is typical blackmail, and I will not bow to it,” Fico told reporters in Bratislava.
Fico spoke alongside his Czech counterpart, Andrej Babiš, whose government has refused to participate in a future loan to Ukraine.
“I do not know why he said this,” Babiš said, referring to Merz’s stance.
Merz wants EU leaders to discuss Ukraine’s financing needs at a summit in Dublin on Friday.
In a letter to European Council President António Costa, who will chair the meeting, obtained by The Guardian, Merz wrote:
“We must maintain our support for Ukraine in its struggle to defend itself. This is our shared vital interest. Yet bilateral aid provided to Ukraine is distributed unevenly, with the burden shouldered mostly by only a few member states.”
The EU agreed last year to provide a €90 billion loan to Ukraine, intended to cover two-thirds of its military and civilian spending for 2026 and 2027.
Since then, however, Russia’s relentless bombardment has placed a heavier financial burden on Kyiv, prompting President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to ask for €70 billion to plug the budget deficit.
The EU has endorsed Zelenskyy’s figures and pledged to find €45 billion. Ukraine’s other allies, such as Britain and Canada, are expected to cover the rest.
Last year, Merz launched an initiative to tap €210 billion in frozen Russian state assets held in the EU, but the plan fell through due to opposition led by Belgium, which holds most of the funds in Brussels.
The €90 billion loan was the backup plan. Having opted out of that loan, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czechia indicated that they would not take part in the next round either.
Bulgaria joined these three member states following the election of Prime Minister Rumen Radev last April.
The question of funding for Ukraine is now spilling over into the fraught negotiations on the 2028-34 EU budget.
Germany, the largest net contributor, wants substantial cuts to the proposed budget and opposes the EU providing generous funding to member states that refuse to contribute to Ukraine’s financial needs.
Merz states in his letter that a “collective commitment without exceptions” is a “fundamental prerequisite” for closing Ukraine’s financing gap and for “discussing other matters, particularly those with financial implications.”
He also notes that, in the context of the EU’s next seven-year budget, known as the Multiannual Financial Framework, all member states must contribute to a “robust” financial perspective for Ukraine from 2028 onwards.
A German government official said:
“For the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) to be successfully concluded, it is vital that all EU member states provide financial support to Ukraine.”
Berlin is also aiming to shift decision-making on funding for Ukraine from unanimity to qualified majority voting, in an effort to prevent a single government from blocking EU decisions.
The letter reflects mounting frustration among the EU’s northern member states, Ukraine’s most generous backers, over lower contributions from other EU countries in Central and Southern Europe.
The task of brokering an agreement on the budget falls to Costa, the former Portuguese prime minister.
Costa wants a deal by the end of the year, ahead of elections in France, Poland, and Italy in 2027 that could complicate the process.
A spokesperson for Costa confirmed receipt of the letter without elaborating on details. “President Costa will dedicate time to the Ukraine issue at the informal European Council meeting in Dublin this week,” the spokesperson said, adding that funding for Ukraine would be addressed at a dedicated summit on the EU budget scheduled for 26-27 November.
Europe
EU expects next Israeli government to adopt less aggressive posture
The EU expects the next Israeli government to mend its “difficult relationship” with Brussels and adopt a more constructive approach toward Gaza and illegal settlements.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog tasked Gadi Eisenkot, the leader of the anti-Netanyahu bloc, on Sunday with forming a government.
Eisenkot stated that the country faces a “catastrophic diplomatic crisis” as traditional allies begin to reassess their relations with Israel.
Speaking to Rapporteur, several European diplomats stationed in Tel Aviv said they expect ties to get back on track.
“Whatever government comes in, we can try to revitalize relations because Israel is clearly a very important partner,” one European diplomat said, adding that Brussels expects the next administration to be “less aggressive”.
The diplomat noted that relations with Europe are currently “not very good”.
Israel cut off communication with Kaja Kallas, the EU high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, after Rapporteur revealed in June that she had compared Israel to apartheid-era South Africa during a visit to Mexico.
The diplomat stated that this decision, taken ahead of elections, was political in nature. A second European diplomat based in Brussels explained that the announcement came only a few days before an official visit by Dubravka Šuica, the European commissioner for the Mediterranean.
“This could have been interpreted as a tactic to divide Europe, but Israel had asked Kallas to deny the report; she did not do so,” the second diplomat said.
Brussels has repeatedly voiced its frustration with Israel over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and the expansion of West Bank settlements.
However, EU governments blocked almost all sanctions proposed by the European Commission.
A third diplomat said opposition parties would “almost certainly take the issue more seriously” when it comes to tackling violence by West Bank settlers:
“We see Palestinians being expelled from their homes and new illegal settlements being built in the West Bank. There is a reluctance on the part of the current government to address this issue, which causes problems in our relations.”
The new government is expected to ease pressure on Palestinians and halt construction of the E1 settlement project, a controversial plan to build settler housing in the West Bank east of Jerusalem.
“They will probably try to deal with the problem of extremist settlers in the West Bank,” the diplomat added.
On Gaza, the diplomat described the situation as “a complete nightmare”, with two million Palestinians crowded into an area that accounts for roughly 35% of the territory.
“There are not enough tents for the winter, and not enough vaccines are reaching the area despite an increase in diseases,” the diplomat said.
The European official argued that Donald Trump’s peace plan met all the conditions for Europe. Although the EU had much to offer, neither the US nor Israel appeared interested in EU involvement in the process.
“We are currently training Palestinian police in the West Bank, and if permitted, we could do the same in Gaza,” the diplomat said.
The diplomat disclosed that Israel had agreed with Šuica that Europe would finance two projects aimed at improving sewage and water infrastructure in Gaza, continuing:
“However, none of these projects has started yet because there is a serious problem with dual-use goods. Getting materials into Gaza is very difficult because the Israelis say they could be misused if they fall into the wrong hands of Hamas.”
Israel insists that Hamas must be disarmed before subsequent phases of Trump’s plan can proceed.
With disarmament unlikely to happen in the near term, the EU argues that certain measures can be carried out in parallel.
“We can begin rebuilding sanitation systems in Gaza. We can start building desalination plants. We can begin providing energy and water to Gaza,” one diplomat said.
While Brussels hopes for progress on Gaza and the West Bank, it maintains that expectations regarding the establishment of a Palestinian state need to be “managed”.
The EU continues to advocate a two-state solution, yet most leading Jewish parties oppose the creation of a Palestinian state.
The diplomat noted that the next Israeli government will likely have “a very slim majority and not much room for manoeuvre”.
There is also a “major misunderstanding” between the EU and Israel that must be addressed. According to the diplomat, Europeans fail to recognize the “psychological impact” of 7 October on Israelis.
“This event changed the country and made the two-state solution even more distant than before,” the diplomat said.
In return, some Israeli politicians believe Europe has betrayed Israel despite what they view as a fight against “Islamist terrorism”.
“Their argument is that European politicians are somewhat afraid of the Muslim population in Europe,” the European diplomat said.
Europe strongly opposes Iran and the possibility of Tehran acquiring nuclear weapons, imposing sanctions in response.
However, the diplomat argued that the EU would not participate in a war because it lacks a common army:
“We are a diplomatic and economic power, which is why we resort to sanctions and diplomacy. The expectation that we would take part in a military operation is unrealistic.”
Europe
Germany threatens EU budget veto over long-term Ukraine aid
Germany has threatened to veto the European Union’s joint budget for the 2028-2034 period, which is currently under negotiation, unless every member state commits to providing financial support to Ukraine in 2027 and subsequent years, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz warned.
According to a report by the Financial Times (FT), Chancellor Merz set out Berlin’s condition for the budget talks in a letter addressed to European Council President António Costa.
In his letter, Merz wrote: “A collective commitment that every single one of us, without exception, will make a fair contribution to closing Ukraine’s budget deficit is an indispensable prerequisite for resolving this budget issue and, in particular, for addressing subsequent matters that carry financial implications.”
The German Chancellor stressed that a formula backed by all member states must be established to provide Ukraine with a reliable, multi-year financial perspective starting from 2028.
Merz also insisted that any agreed solution must cover the interest payments on debts incurred to finance the assistance provided to Kyiv.
Conversely, several countries within the bloc have cut financial aid to Ukraine, and the number of capitals adopting this stance is projected to rise next year.
In December 2025, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic approved the EU’s 90 billion euro loan package for Kyiv only on the condition that they would not contribute to its costs themselves.
Alongside these three countries, Bulgaria has also stated that it does not plan to participate in subsequent financial assistance packages for Ukraine.
In France, far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who could potentially win the presidential election scheduled for spring 2027, recently told the FT that Paris has run out of funds.
Le Pen assessed: “The honest approach is to tell Mr Zelensky clearly, and even warn him: ‘Look, we cannot do more. We have already allocated the 90 billion euro EU loan, in which France’s share amounts to 18 billion euros. 18 billion euros is genuinely a huge amount of money.'”
The EU’s 90 billion euro loan, covering the 2026-2027 period, aims to meet two-thirds of Ukraine’s financing requirements.
Brussels expects the remaining 45 billion euros to be covered by other partners, including Canada, the UK, Norway, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.
Germany remains the largest net contributor to the EU budget.
In contrast, the four Eastern European countries seeking to avoid financing Ukraine rank among the largest net beneficiaries of the bloc’s budget.
Leveraging this balance, Chancellor Merz aims to use his influence in the EU budget negotiations to secure uninterrupted support for Kyiv in 2027 and the years beyond.
According to the FT, Berlin is also demanding that future aid packages be decided by qualified majority voting rather than unanimity, which is required under the current system.
A German government spokesperson told the newspaper:
“The issue of Ukraine’s financial needs must be resolved within the framework of the next EU budget. Financial support for Ukraine from all EU members is decisive for the successful conclusion of the budget talks.”
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