Diplomacy
NATO final declaration targets China and Russia
The final declaration of the NATO summit in Washington has been released.
While the summit, which marked the 75th anniversary of the Alliance, was full of meetings, the final declaration was dominated by the war in Ukraine and harsh words for China and Russia.
The declaration emphasised that NATO is a “defence alliance” and stressed that the Alliance’s three main missions are deterrence and defence, crisis prevention and management, and cooperative security.
“Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has disrupted peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region and seriously damaged global security,” NATO said, declaring that Russia “remains the most significant and immediate threat to the security of our Allies”.
“Conflict, fragility and instability in Africa and the Middle East directly affect our security and that of our partners,” the statement said, making no reference to Israel’s occupation of Gaza.
NATO accused Iran of affecting Euro-Atlantic security through “destabilising” actions and argued that “the stated objectives and coercive policies of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) continue to challenge NATO’s interests, security and values”.
“The deepening strategic partnership between Russia and the People’s Republic of China and their mutually reinforcing attempts to undermine and reshape the rules-based international order are of deep concern,” the declaration said.
NATO members said they could not rule out the possibility of an attack on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of allied countries and said they would continue to strengthen NATO’s deterrence and defence “against all threats and challenges, in all domains and in multiple strategic directions in the Euro-Atlantic area”.
Military coordination centre established in Ukraine
“We reaffirm our unwavering solidarity with the people of Ukraine in their heroic defence of their nation, their territory and our shared values,” NATO said in a statement. NATO has decided to establish NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine (NSATU) to coordinate the provision of military equipment and training to Ukraine by Allies and Partners.
NSATU, which will operate in allied countries, will “support Ukraine’s self-defence in accordance with the UN Charter”.
It will “not make NATO a party to the conflict, in accordance with international law” and will “support the transformation of Ukraine’s defence and security forces and ensure their further integration into NATO”.
The Allies argued that Ukraine’s future lies in NATO, and that Kiev is becoming increasingly interoperable and politically integrated with NATO.
While support for Ukraine’s NATO membership was reaffirmed, the condition of “meeting the conditions” was once again on the agenda.
Russia urged to withdraw from Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine
It also called on Russia to stop the war immediately and to withdraw all its forces from Ukraine completely and unconditionally in accordance with UN General Assembly resolutions.
“We also call on Russia to withdraw all forces deployed in Moldova and Georgia without their consent,” NATO said, declaring that it would never recognise Russia’s “illegal annexation” of Ukrainian territory, including Crimea.
Claiming that Russia is seeking to “fundamentally restructure” the Euro-Atlantic security architecture, NATO said: “The threat posed by Russia to NATO in all domains will persist over the long term. Russia is rebuilding and expanding its military capabilities, continuing its airspace violations and provocative activities,” NATO said.
NATO insisted it was not a threat to Russia and said it was ready to maintain channels of communication with Moscow to reduce risks and avoid escalation.
Warnings to Russia about Belarus, Iran and China
The NATO statement called on all countries not to support “Russian aggression” and condemned “all those who facilitate and prolong Russia’s war in Ukraine”.
“Belarus continues to facilitate this war by providing its territory and infrastructure,” NATO said, adding that Belarus’ deepening political and military integration with Russia “has negative consequences for regional stability and the defence of the Alliance”.
Arguing that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Iran were fuelling the war by providing direct military support to Russia, such as munitions and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), NATO said it “strongly condemns the DPRK’s export of artillery shells and ballistic missiles in violation of numerous United Nations Security Council resolutions” and noted “with great concern the deepening ties between North Korea and Russia”.
“Iran’s transfer of ballistic missiles and related technology to Russia would constitute a serious escalation,” the statement said.
China in the crosshairs
“This increases the threat Russia poses to its neighbours and to Euro-Atlantic security,” NATO said, arguing that China has become a “decisive supporter” of Russia in the Ukraine war.
“This includes the transfer of dual-use items such as weapons components, equipment and raw materials that are inputs for Russia’s defence sector,” NATO said, calling on China to cut off all financial and political support for Russia’s war effort.
Indo-Pacific pivot to continue
“The Indo-Pacific region is important to NATO because developments in the region have a direct impact on Euro-Atlantic security,” NATO said, announcing that it would meet with the leaders of Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea and the European Union to discuss “common security challenges and areas of cooperation”.
“We are strengthening dialogue to address cross-regional challenges and enhancing our practical cooperation, including pioneering projects in support of Ukraine, cyber defence, counter-disinformation and technology,” NATO said, stressing that it “welcomes” the continued contribution of NATO’s Asia-Pacific partners to Euro-Atlantic security.
Liaison office opened in Jordan
Describing the countries of the Middle East as “NATO’s southern neighbours”, the declaration invited the Secretary General to appoint a Special Representative for the Southern Neighbourhood to serve as NATO’s focal point in the region and to coordinate NATO’s efforts.
In this context, the Allies also announced that they had agreed to open a NATO Liaison Office in Amman with the Kingdom of Jordan.
“Building on the success of the NATO Mission in Iraq (NMI) and at the request of the Iraqi authorities, we have expanded our support to the Iraqi security institutions and will continue our engagement through the NMI,” NATO said.
Diplomacy
FIFA abandons $4.2 billion commercial stake sale following widespread revolt
FIFA and Gianni Infantino have backed down from plans to sell a stake in the organization’s commercial and event operations following widespread backlash.
In a statement issued late Friday night, the embattled FIFA president said:
“After carefully listening to all views, it has become clear that this project, regardless of the level of support, causes divisions that are now contrary to the interests of the objective originally established. Our goal has always been, and will always be, to unite and improve. As a result, this proposal will not be implemented.”
Infantino’s proposal met with fierce resistance from UEFA, CONCACAF, and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
UEFA indicated that all 55 of its members would boycott FIFA competitions, including the World Cup, if the plans remained on the table.
In its statement, FIFA noted that “nobody is selling football,” and while asserting that it “acknowledges and respects the feedback and concerns expressed publicly,” emphasized that it would continue to implement suggestions.
It added that it “reaffirms its commitment to an open and democratic process of consultation.”
Shortly after FIFA issued its statement, the AFC released its own declaration of solidarity with UEFA and the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF).
Infantino subsequently suffered two major internal blows.
First, his adviser Carlos Cordeiro resigned from his position, sharply criticizing the plan in a statement as “a bad deal for FIFA member associations, a bad deal for football, and a bad deal for the long-term future of the game.”
Then, FIFA Chief Operating Officer Kevin Lamour told the Associated Press that staff felt “deceived” by Infantino and that after raising the issue, he would “sleep better, even at the cost of losing his job.”
Lamour said:
“This is the project of a single person. Leaving aside that this project should not proceed… it is now time for the political leaders of world football to ask themselves the right questions and make the right decisions.”
These developments left Infantino cornered, and by Friday afternoon, numerous figures within the organization—speaking to The Athletic on condition of anonymity to protect their jobs—believed it was no longer a question of “if” the cord would be cut, but “when.”
Joshua Kushner’s venture capital firm Thrive had not withdrawn from the deal as of Friday night, but that became moot when FIFA management ultimately decided to kill the project via a public statement.
Joshua Kushner is the brother of Jared Kushner, the son-in-law of Donald Trump.
On Tuesday, world football’s governing body had announced its intention to establish FIFA Forward Enterprises (FFE), a new private entity to manage its flagship events, including the World Cup and the Club World Cup, with plans to sell a 21% minority stake in FFE to external investors.
The sale was targeted to generate $4.2 billion (£3.2 billion) in revenue. FIFA stated that this amount could be immediately distributed to its 211 member associations under a new funding stream named the “FIFA Fast-Forward Program” (FFFP).
Under the plan, FIFA’s total development funding would have exceeded $10 billion over the next four years.
Despite mounting criticism in recent days, FIFA confirmed that if member associations opposed the FFE plan but the proposal was accepted, the dissenting federations would each receive $20 million (£14.9 million) for the 2027–30 cycle, regardless of whether shares in FFE were sold to private investors (to be followed by $22 million for 2031–34 and $24 million for 2035–38).
However, had a given member association accepted the FFE proposal, it would have received $40 million for the 2027–30 period, with subsequent payouts remaining the same.
The three confederations that explicitly took a stand against FIFA’s plan represent 137 of the 211 FIFA member associations.
FIFA had stated that for the proposal to move forward, it required the approval of a majority of the 211 member associations as well as the 37-member FIFA Council, which consists of Infantino and eight FIFA vice presidents.
Strategic reactions and leadership crisis
South American football confederation CONMEBOL did not reject the plans in a statement on Friday, but noted that financial and commercial decisions “must always serve the interests of football and never take precedence over the essence of the game.”
According to a report by The Athletic, Infantino’s future leadership of FIFA was called into question during UEFA and CONCACAF meetings held on Thursday.
Infantino assumed the FIFA presidency in February 2016, succeeding Sepp Blatter, and was expected to run unopposed in the next election scheduled for March 2027.
There is also talk among European officials of putting forward Nasser Al-Khelaifi, the Qatari CEO of beIN Media, to run against Infantino.
Lise Klaveness, President of the Norwegian Football Federation, told VG: “My clear impression right now is that he has suffered a major loss of trust. We did not vote for him last time and were skeptical about this. There are many good aspects to FIFA, but if you take a lax approach to governance principles and rules, you lose trust quickly.”
Diplomacy
Defense Priorities director warns US air strategy in Middle East faces tactical limits
The collapse of a tentative memorandum of understanding between Washington and Tehran, coupled with the diminishing strategic returns of American air power, has left the United States locked in an unsustainable, low-intensity conflict with Iran, according to Benjamin Friedman, Policy Director at the Washington-based think tank Defense Priorities.
Speaking in an interview on the YouTube channel Harici with host Sarp Sinan Hacır, Friedman attributed the failure of the short-lived US-Iran memorandum primarily to the Trump administration’s diplomatic missteps, vague draft language, and unrealistic expectations regarding a comprehensive settlement.
“Both sides really deserve some blame, but the Trump administration deserves the bulk of the blame for drafting an agreement that was so vague on key terms,” Friedman said, citing ambiguities surrounding the timeline for unfreezing Iranian assets and the scope of American commitments to restrain Israeli military operations in Lebanon.
Friedman emphasized that deep-seated mistrust in Tehran, exacerbated by repeated instances where diplomatic engagement was followed by Israeli or American military strikes, led Iranian negotiators to adopt an unyielding posture. At the same time, he noted that Iran likely miscalculated by using disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz to aggressively force leverage.
“The Trump administration remained intent on this sort of grand bargain that would restrain Iran seeking weapons development… and I think they continue to misread the Iranian willingness to sign that kind of deal,” Friedman noted, adding that Tehran viewed its leverage over the Strait of Hormuz as essential despite the risk of provoking further strikes.
Expressing deep skepticism over the prospects for a lasting diplomatic breakthrough, Friedman criticized the administration’s reliance on informal envoys such as Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner over professional diplomatic channels, predicting that the baseline outcome will remain an unpredictable, episodic conflict.
“What’s more likely is a kind of on-off-again kind of war—sort of what we’re in now, where we have occasional strikes, with the United States perhaps by accident adopting the Israeli model of ‘mowing the lawn’ periodically,” Friedman said.
Addressing the efficacy of US air power, Friedman argued that military operations against Iranian targets have reached a point of diminishing returns. While early strikes successfully eliminated critical high-value assets—such as over-the-horizon radar systems that targeted anti-ship missiles—Iran’s ballistic missile and long-range drone capabilities remain largely intact and operational.
He pointed to a recent strike on a base hosting US personnel in Jordan, launched from western Iran over a distance exceeding 1,000 kilometers, as evidence of Tehran’s sustained strike precision and the tactical limits of American interdiction efforts.
“The war is a failure for air power even in a tactical sense,” Friedman stated. “Initially, we looked at it and said we had a lot of success in destroying targets, but as more information came out, it turned out they had maybe more than half of their missiles and launchers survive the initial phase of the war.”
Friedman observed that the global proliferation of low-cost, high-precision guidance technology has permanently altered the strategic landscape, neutralizing the traditional invulnerability of forward-deployed US installations. “The precise effects of air power that used to be almost a monopoly of the United States… is actually making our posture in the region less sustainable,” he said, warning that similar vulnerabilities would be vastly amplified in any potential high-intensity conflict with China.
As an alternative to open-ended military engagement, Friedman suggested that Washington consider a complete military withdrawal from the region, even if it entails accepting Iranian transit fees on commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. “The cost of preventing that through perpetual outbursts of warfare is much higher than just accepting it,” he noted.
Turning to regional dynamics, Friedman addressed Israel’s current absence from active strike operations against Iran, characterizing it as a calculated move to preserve its own air defense interceptors while relying on Washington to bear the operational and political burdens of containment.
On European security and the broader alliance structure, Friedman offered a critical assessment of the NATO summit in Ankara and the administration’s “NATO 3.0” concept. He described the white paper led by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as an effort to coerce European states into escalating defense expenditures and purchasing American hardware under the threat of reduced security guarantees, rather than executing a structured, strategic US posture adjustment.
“This is not a real US withdrawal; it’s a kind of pressure to up your loyalty in a particular way,” Friedman said, noting that major European powers such as Germany, France, and the UK lack a compelling existential incentive to construct independent, large-scale conventional war-fighting capabilities.
Regarding bilateral relations with Ankara, Friedman noted that US-Turkish tensions have eased considerably following the shift in American posture in Syria and progress toward resolving long-standing friction points, including the F-35 program and S-400 procurement. He added that while Israeli leadership under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed frustration over Washington’s constructive engagement with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the White House has maintained its strategic course despite pressure from domestic pro-Israel lobbying groups.
Addressing internal Republican Party dynamics, Friedman highlighted the evolving public stance of Vice President J.D. Vance, whose cautious criticism of Israeli influence and emphasis on divergent national interests reflects broader ideological shifts within the conservative base.
“Vance is more representative of the shift in the Republican Party,” Friedman said. “He’s criticizing them in a limited way and saying, ‘Our interests are different.’ From the perspective of those of us who would like the United States to have a more distant relationship from Israel, it’s progress.”
Looking ahead to the upcoming US midterm elections, Friedman anticipated that a loss of congressional control by the Republican Party would severely curtail the administration’s domestic executive overreach, though its structural impact on foreign policy execution and Middle Eastern operations would remain comparatively limited.
Diplomacy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham pledges full support to Ukraine in meeting with Zelenskyy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham has met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Portsmouth, England.
Zelenskyy is the first world leader Burnham has met in person since taking office, with the prime minister committing to building a “firm partnership” between the United Kingdom and Ukraine.
Demonstrating their support, the two leaders toured a military base in Portsmouth where 200 Ukrainian troops are currently undergoing naval training exercises.
Burnham described his meeting with the Ukrainian president as “warm” and said he plans to visit Ukraine soon.
“We will build this together and address the various issues President Zelenskyy is facing, many of which we discussed today,” Burnham said.
The meeting follows an announcement by London that it will share intellectual property rights to assist Kyiv’s war effort.
The new prime minister announced that the UK will share the “Stone Cloak” electronic warfare system—which is fitted to drones to prevent detection—and will assist Ukraine in mass-producing the technology.
Burnham has focused primarily on domestic matters since replacing Keir Starmer, who faced criticism from elements within his own party for spending too much time abroad and focusing heavily on foreign affairs.
However, Burnham sought to signal continuity in Britain’s policy toward Ukraine. In one of his first phone calls after becoming prime minister last week, Burnham invited Zelenskyy to visit the UK “as soon as possible.”
Starmer spent his final full day as prime minister in Kyiv, where he announced £255 million in funding for Ukraine.
Speaking to Sky on Monday, Zelenskyy said his telephone conversation with Burnham had been “very good.”
The Ukrainian leader noted that Starmer had previously assured him that “the new government would maintain the policy of supporting Ukraine during the war.”
The new prime minister told the Ukrainian leader it was “no coincidence” that he was his first international visitor since moving into Downing Street.
“The purpose of this is to send a very clear message. We stand 100% with Ukraine, I personally stand 100% with you, and I will fully deliver on every commitment this country has made to Ukraine,” Burnham said.
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