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Poland-Germany reparations dispute overshadows leaders’ summit in Berlin

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Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz have clashed over compensation for the damage Germany inflicted on Poland during the Nazi era.

The public disagreement between the two leaders, who had pledged to mend the often-strained relations between their countries, overshadowed talks in Berlin intended to project unity and cooperation on a range of issues, including defense and support for Ukraine.

Instead, the two leaders argued over how Germany should atone for its actions during the Second World War.

Merz, standing alongside Tusk, said, “We must keep the memories, even the painful ones, alive. I hope we can do this in a way that does not divide us, but rather brings us closer together.”

However, Tusk, under pressure from the opposition nationalist-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party, took a harder line on the issue than in the past, criticizing Germany’s rationale for refusing to pay war reparations to Poland.

Tusk stated, “In Poland, we all believe that Poland has not received compensation for the losses and crimes of the Second World War.”

After his re-election in 2023, Tusk had not prioritized the reparations claims of the previous PiS government, which had demanded €1.3 trillion from Germany for its 1939-1945 occupation of Poland. Berlin has repeatedly stated that the issue is legally “closed.”

However, on Monday, Tusk revived the issue by criticizing the German argument that Poland waived its right to reparations in the 1950s while under the control of the Soviet Union.

PiS politicians, including Poland’s current president, Karol Nawrocki, argue that the waiver was made under Soviet pressure and cannot be considered valid. Tusk reiterated this view on Monday.

Tusk claimed, “Germany adheres to this official diplomatic agreement from the 1950s. Those who know history know that Poland had no say in this matter in the 1950s. Poland’s waiver of reparations is not seen as an act reflecting the opinion of the Polish people. The Polish people had no say in this matter.”

The renewed tensions over reparations threaten to complicate the two leaders’ efforts to smooth over differences on a range of issues, from disagreements over national border controls to Berlin’s investigation into the explosions that crippled the Nord Stream subsea pipelines carrying gas from Russia to Germany.

The Tusk government had frequently argued that while there is a moral justification for reparations, there is no legal way to compel Berlin to pay, and therefore, pursuing the issue would damage relations with Germany, Poland’s largest economic partner.

At the same time, Merz came to office promising to improve relations with Poland and made a visit to Warsaw on his first full day in office.

Merz later said he saw the “Weimar Triangle,” an informal alliance between Germany, Poland, and France, as a potential engine for creating a more robust European defense strategy.

On Monday, the Merz government announced a series of other steps to mitigate Warsaw’s anger over Berlin’s refusal to pay reparations, but these measures are unlikely to appease many Poles.

Merz said he would proceed with plans to build a memorial in Berlin dedicated to the Polish victims of Nazi Germany and pledged his government would return Polish cultural artifacts looted by the Nazis.

Germany also pledged in a joint statement that it would “examine possibilities for providing further support to the Polish victims of Nazi aggression.”

This commitment refers to a proposal by former Chancellor Olaf Scholz to provide financial compensation to the surviving Polish victims of Nazi Germany, but this plan has not yet been implemented.

Tusk expressed his frustration on this matter on Monday, arguing that time is running out.

Tusk said, “When I discussed this with Chancellor Scholz, the number [of those still alive] was just over 60,000. Today, that number is 50,000.”

“Please, please, if you really want to make this gesture, speed things up,” Tusk said, adding that if Berlin does not act faster, Warsaw will compensate the victims with its own money.

Despite the disagreement, Merz and Tusk said they were in close contact regarding developments in Ukraine and negotiations for a possible peace agreement.

Tusk described the level of cooperation as “truly unprecedented” and warned against the risk of fueling divisions between the two countries.

Tusk said, “On both sides of the border, there are radicals interested in fueling anti-German sentiments in Poland and anti-Polish sentiments and moods in Germany. But I believe they will not achieve their goals.”

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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