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Steinmeier’s Iran remarks deepen rift within Germany and EU over international law

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The controversy sparked by German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier’s description of the Iran war as a “violation of international law” continues to reverberate.

The German government led by Chancellor Friedrich Merz and the European Commission under Ursula von der Leyen have persisted in encouraging Berlin and Brussels’ support for the US-Israel position.

The German government has so far refrained from formally classifying the attack as a breach of international law.

Von der Leyen has continued to articulate similar views. Speaking recently on international law, she argued that “Europe should no longer see itself as the guardian of the old world order.”

Steinmeier, meanwhile, faced sharp criticism for his remarks, including a forceful response from the CDU/CSU parliamentary group leader in the Bundestag.

Steinmeier condemns the war

Steinmeier, who is due to leave office next year, issued pointed criticism of both the German government and the European Commission’s stance.

At the same time, as noted by German Foreign Policy, Steinmeier himself bore shared responsibility for Germany’s participation in the March 1999 attack on Yugoslavia, having served at the time as Minister of State in the Federal Chancellery.

He warned that “major powers” might be able to survive, and even profit in the short term, in “a world without rules.”

Arguing that neither Germany nor the EU could be counted among such powers, Steinmeier stressed that an international legal order with fixed rules governing the use of force is “vital for the survival of those who cannot count themselves among the major powers.”

He added that there was “no doubt” the war against Iran violated international law, and noted that the German government continued to claim it was still assessing the legality of the intervention.

“Not calling a violation of international law what it is does not make our foreign policy more convincing,” Steinmeier said.

CDU/CSU backlash against the president

Steinmeier’s remarks prompted a strong political backlash.

Jens Spahn, leader of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag, stated that assessing actions “under international law” remained the responsibility of the federal government, “as in other cases.”

“I expect officials and senior representatives of the Federal Republic to await this assessment and respect it,” Spahn said, calling on Steinmeier to exercise restraint.

Alexander Hoffmann, the CSU regional group leader, echoed similar remarks on the sidelines of a parliamentary meeting.

“For us, international law has the highest priority. But it must not become a shield for terrorist regimes,” Hoffmann said.

Spiegel: AfD and Araghchi back Steinmeier

Following Steinmeier’s comments, German media outlets reacted swiftly.

Der Spiegel drew attention with a report headlined: “Steinmeier earns praise from Tehran and AfD for comments on the Iran war.”

The report cited Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, who said on X that Steinmeier deserved recognition for condemning violations against Iranians.

The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), which frequently criticizes the president, also expressed support.

Co-leader Tino Chrupalla said: “He was right on this issue, which is rare for the Federal President. The attack on Ukraine violated international law. The attack on Iran does as well.”

Deutsche Welle, reporting on the president’s post on X, added a note emphasizing that “the role of the German president is largely ceremonial and does not reflect government policy.”

Berlin avoids condemning US-Israel

Neither the German government nor the European Commission has so far formally described the US-Israel attack on Iran as a violation of international law.

In one of his initial responses, Chancellor Merz stated that “classifications under international law” would have “relatively limited impact.”

He added that “this is not the time to lecture our partners and allies,” while also criticizing any reluctance to defend core interests with military force if necessary.

Commentary by the German Council on Foreign Relations interpreted the latter remark as amounting to “de facto full political support” for the Iran war, which has been justified as a “preemptive strike.”

Merz’s demand that Iran must “immediately cease its indiscriminate attacks” was also seen as implying a departure from previously established norms of international law.

Von der Leyen: EU no longer guardian of the old order

Echoing Merz, European Commission President von der Leyen also spoke on March 9.

Addressing the EU Ambassadors Conference, she said there were differing views on whether the war against Iran was “a matter of choice or necessity.”

She argued that this debate “partly misses the point,” insisting that Europe must “simply take reality into account.”

Referring explicitly to international law, von der Leyen stated that “Europe should no longer be the guardian of the old world order,” describing it as part of a past that “will not return.”

In apparent contradiction, she also maintained that the EU would “always defend the rules-based order,” before adding that it could “no longer rely on this alone” to safeguard its interests.

Calling for a “more realistic and interest-driven foreign policy,” von der Leyen faced sharp criticism in the European Parliament shortly afterward.

ECFR criticism: Failure to condemn Iran attack undermines Ukraine stance

The positions taken by Merz and von der Leyen have drawn strong criticism from foreign policy experts at both national and international levels.

Beyond fundamental objections, tactical arguments have also emerged. The European Council on Foreign Relations warned that if Berlin and the EU fail to uphold international law in the Iran conflict, they will struggle to invoke it credibly in the context of the war in Ukraine.

The DGAP further argued that Berlin should not support “a war of aggression that runs counter to German interests in multiple respects,” citing risks such as an energy crisis, supply chain disruptions, and a potential wave of refugees linked to the Iran war.

According to DGAP, Germany remains “a marginal actor in the Iran war,” and therefore has no compelling reason to support the intervention.

The think tank called for Berlin to initiate a “course correction,” arguing that Germany can only restore credibility and exert influence if it leaves “no doubt” that international law will remain the “foundation and guiding principle” of its foreign policy.

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Mutual accusations of blackmail and assault overshadow AfD state election congress in Germany

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The Alternative for Germany (AfD) state congress in North Rhine-Westphalia ended in chaos on Sunday.

During the selection of the 22nd position on the candidate list for next year’s state elections, delegates aligned with the far-right Bundestag member Matthias Helferich proposed more than 100 candidates. This move was reportedly designed to block the vote in the town of Marl, halting progress on the list to force negotiations for subsequent positions.

Earlier in the candidate selection process, supporters of State Co-Chairman and lead candidate Martin Vincentz, who represents the moderate wing of the party, had prevailed. The defeat of Zacharias Schalley—a figure close to Helferich—by a candidate from the Vincentz camp triggered significant discontent within the radical wing of the party. Representing approximately 40% of the delegates, Helferich’s supporters reportedly demanded strong representation in the next state parliamentary group.

During the congress, Helferich claimed that Bundestag member Knuth Meyer-Soltau, a member of the Vincentz camp, physically assaulted him. Speaking to the newspaper WELT on Sunday, the 37-year-old Helferich described the incident:

“Meyer-Soltau was passing by the row where I was sitting. He was arguing with another member. When he turned back, while I was sitting in my chair, he shouldered me and shouted, ‘Shut up, you idiot!'”

Helferich added: “I do not know if he wanted to knock me out of my chair. However, because he insulted me in anger, I cannot rule out the possibility that this was a deliberate attack.”

An email exchange sent to the federal executive board and state management revealed that Helferich filed a criminal complaint on Monday.

“Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my body, either intentionally or through negligence”

In the complaint filed by Helferich, he stated: “Meyer-Soltau hit my chair and my upper body hard, either intentionally or through negligence; I was only able to avoid falling by holding onto the edge of the table.” The complaint also named two witnesses.

In his letter to the party leadership, Helferich wrote: “Since numerous similar incidents of electoral law significance occurred at the state election congress, I believe the duty to maintain party order falls to the Federal Executive Board.”

Meyer-Soltau, a 61-year-old lawyer like Helferich, denied the allegations. Speaking to WELT on Sunday, the lawmaker said: “I reject the accusation being made.”

Meyer-Soltau suggested that Helferich viewed him as a powerful opponent because he had previously acted as the negotiator for the state executive board in the party’s expulsion proceedings against Helferich before the Federal Arbitration Court. The party court recently rejected the expulsion request.

“It is clear that this situation has not had a positive impact on our relationship,” Meyer-Soltau said. “Mr. Helferich, having suffered a heavy defeat at the nomination meeting, is clearly seeking satisfaction through other means. I will hand the matter over to my lawyer and take legal action.”

A letter sent to Helferich by Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer, which was leaked to the press, stated: “My client has never insulted you or physically assaulted you.” The letter demanded that Helferich cease repeating the claim and sign a cease-and-desist declaration carrying a contractual penalty.

Additionally, Meyer-Soltau’s lawyer filed a criminal complaint with the Dortmund Prosecutor’s Office for defamation. The petition submitted to the prosecutor’s office stated: “The accusation of physical assault is highly defamatory, calculated to permanently damage my client’s public reputation, and socially discredit him.”

Allegations of blackmail made against delegates at the congress

Allegations of threats against delegates also emerged at the state congress in Marl. Helferich ran against Klaus Esser, a close associate of Vincentz, for the 13th position on the candidate list. Esser, who needed just one vote to be elected in the first round, only secured a majority in the second round of voting.

Following the announcement of the results, a delegate took the stage to claim that before the second round, a state executive board member from the Vincentz camp went to the rows of the Wuppertal district association and threatened that a state lawmaker from Wuppertal would be expelled from the parliamentary group if the necessary votes for Esser were not delivered. The delegate announced that a complaint would be filed regarding the matter.

A spokesperson for AfD Co-Leader Alice Weidel told the media outlet “The Pioneer”: “Weidel does not approve of this situation. Such things must not happen.”

Other allegations of threats were voiced through the hall microphones during the congress. One delegate claimed that a candidate had been threatened by a district councilor and a district chairman.

“He was told that if he did not withdraw his candidacy, he would have no future in this party. There are numerous witnesses who can confirm this,” the delegate asserted.

Another delegate reported that a young woman was pressured by a district chairman who asked whether she would “lend herself to this game and submit to blackmail,” warning her that the situation would have “consequences for her in the district association.”

Marco Vogt, the Deputy Chairman of the Düsseldorf AfD and an ally of Helferich, said during his candidacy speech that young members who participated in the list disruptions had been threatened by their employers present in the hall.

Another candidate, a municipal councilor from Würselen, stated that a district administrator from the Aachen region had issued an implicit threat, telling him he would make many enemies in his own association if he did not withdraw his candidacy.

Candidate Leon Biallawons directly targeted lawmaker Knuth Meyer-Soltau, saying: “I tell you clearly, dear Knuth, I will not allow myself to be threatened by you. Because, dear Knuth, it is not you but the grassroots who will decide who succeeds in this party, and the grassroots will assert their will in the long term.”

Meyer-Soltau declined to comment on these allegations, stating: “I do not wish to comment on such baseless claims.”

Other tactics were used to slow down the proceedings at Sunday’s congress. One delegate requested a 30-minute recess because “there is an ice cream truck outside,” though this request was rejected. The convention manager, Julian Flak, was heard calling out to a delegate: “Take that garden furniture outside immediately!”

A message shared on Saturday in a chat group close to Vincentz stated that the “self-proclaimed patriotic group” had threatened to completely block the congress. It was alleged that the core group led by Helferich planned to deliberately disrupt the flow of the congress to force their opponents to the negotiating table.

Weidel accused of undermining efforts in chat group

On Sunday, in the same chat group, it was written that the sabotage action was being coordinated by Federal Deputy Chairman Sven Tritschler and Helferich. The message claimed that Tritschler had discussed the move with “his boss Alice Merkel”—a reference to AfD leader Alice Weidel. “This is a clear operation of attrition. We will not bow to an Alice Merkel,” the message read.

By Monday night, the ballot for the 22nd list position contained the names of 81 candidates. Some individuals who announced their candidacies withdrew before speaking. The results are expected to be announced next weekend.

The North Rhine-Westphalia AfD association has allocated a total of four weekends for candidate selection meetings. With the party projected by public opinion polls to win between 30 and 40 seats in the state parliament, competition for the top spots on the list remains intense.

An article titled “AfD-NRW Grassroots Resist Cartel Partyization,” published Monday on a Telegram channel close to Helferich, described the events as a “heroic act” and an “impressive reaction of an alert, idealistic grassroots.” The mass candidacy process was characterized as a “combination of Carl Schmitt’s partisan theory with a democratic liberation move unprecedented in AfD history.”

The article argued that if lead candidate Vincentz wants to translate polling success into a strong election result, he must unify the party by granting Helferich’s supporters viable, electable positions on the list.

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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