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The US federal government shuts down after Congress fails to pass a budget

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The federal government in the United States ceased operations as of October 1, after Congress failed to approve the budget for the new fiscal year.

The shutdown, which began at 7:01 AM Turkish time, suspended the spending authority of government agencies, and most civil servants were placed on unpaid leave.

Those in critical roles, such as healthcare workers, border guards, soldiers, and transportation personnel, will continue to work without pay. This marks the first full government shutdown in seven years.

First full shutdown in seven years

Previous shutdowns had been partial, with Congress passing temporary budget bills to buy time for negotiations.

This latest event is the 21st government shutdown in modern US history.

The longest of these occurred during Donald Trump’s presidency, lasting 35 days from December 22, 2018, to January 25, 2019, and was estimated to have cost the American economy $3 billion.

During that period, some civil servants applied for food assistance, while those working without pay took sick leave en masse.

Healthcare reform at the center of the dispute

At the core of the current crisis is a disagreement over subsidies under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which is set to expire at the end of 2025.

Democrats have announced they will not support the budget unless these subsidies are protected. They also refuse to accept budget cuts for key health agencies like the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Republicans, who control both houses of Congress after the 2024 elections, cannot reach the 60 votes needed in the Senate to pass the budget; the party holds 53 seats in the Senate. While Republicans proposed debating health issues separately from the budget, Democrats rejected this offer.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer criticized Republicans for their lack of compromise, stating, “There is not the slightest contribution from Democrats in their bill. We have never done this before. When I was the majority leader in the Senate, we sat down with Republicans four times, and there was never a shutdown.”

Parties blame each other

A meeting between President Trump and leaders of both parties two days before the shutdown also failed to yield a result. Schumer reported that he told Trump during the meeting that canceling ACA subsidies would increase the average American family’s monthly healthcare costs by $400, but the President seemed to be hearing this figure for the first time.

Vice President JD Vance accused the opposition of “holding the government hostage.”

House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries also placed the responsibility on the ruling party, saying, “If a shutdown happens, it will be because Republicans decided to stop the government and harm the American people.”

Millions of employees and many services will be affected

Unlike in previous shutdowns, the Trump administration has instructed federal agencies to prepare mass layoff plans in advance. According to the Washington Post, these cuts will not affect the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, or immigration agencies.

In an interview with NBC News, President Trump said the layoffs could be permanent, though he would prefer to avoid that outcome. This situation could effectively implement Trump’s policy of downsizing the state apparatus.

During the shutdown, a total of approximately 4 million federal employees will be without pay. The US Department of Health and Human Services will place 41% of its staff on unpaid leave, along with 64% of the CDC’s staff and 75% of the NIH’s staff.

The Pentagon announced that 334,900 of its 741,500 civilian personnel will be sent on unpaid leave, while 223,900 will continue to work without pay alongside 2 million soldiers. The fact that air traffic controllers and police officers will also work without pay could lead to flight delays.

The shutdown will also halt lending by the Small Business Administration and suspend federal housing loan processing. Unlike civil servants, contract workers in services such as cleaning and security will not receive back pay. Members of Congress, however, will continue to receive their salaries during this period.

What does a ‘government shutdown’ mean in the US?

In the US, a “government shutdown” means the federal government stops its expenditures when Congress fails to pass a budget bill or a temporary funding resolution for the new fiscal year.

When a budget impasse occurs, federal agencies are prohibited from spending money. Most public employees are sent on mandatory leave and do not receive a salary. However, employees in critical roles—such as healthcare personnel, border guards, soldiers, and air traffic controllers—must continue to work, though they do not receive their pay until the crisis ends.

National parks and museums close, visa and passport processing slows down, research projects, public services, and administrative processes are disrupted, and financial markets can be affected by the uncertainty.

The shutdown continues until Congress agrees on a budget or passes a temporary funding bill.

This has happened more than 20 times in US history. The longest shutdown lasted 35 days during Donald Trump’s presidency (2018–2019).

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US Senate panel seeks records in Trump-linked crypto investigation

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Richard Blumenthal, the ranking Democrat on the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (PSI), has requested documents from cryptocurrency exchange Binance, Tether, and crypto projects linked to President Donald Trump as part of inquiries into potential financial irregularities and conflicts of interest.

The documents were requested to be submitted by 4 January 2027.

Senators warned that they would resort to compulsory measures if the request was refused.

Entities sent document requests include World Liberty Financial and Fight Fight Fight LLC, both linked to President Trump’s family.

Blumenthal began examining the activities of these entities in May 2025 following reports that they may have engaged in transactions with foreigners under federal criminal investigation, attracted investments from foreign governments, and violated public ethics rules.

Notably, in 2026, it emerged that individuals close to the Abu Dhabi royal family had signed an agreement with the Trump family to purchase 49% of the shares in World Liberty Financial for $500 million.

The company, founded in September 2024 by the US President and his sons, launched a token called WLFI.

According to official disclosures, Trump made $800 million from this token alone.

Conversely, crypto analytics firm Nansen calculated, by tracking 1.48 million crypto wallets, that approximately two-thirds of those who invested in the token after its launch in January 2025 incurred losses.

While many retail investors spent several thousand dollars on purchases, the largest investors poured in millions of dollars.

Trump also launched his own memecoin, TRUMP, on 17 January 2025, prior to his inauguration.

Rising 10.6-fold in value within three days, the cryptocurrency’s market capitalisation reached $15 billion at its peak.

However, after those three days, the price entered a downturn, plunging by 97%.

Trump reported in his financial disclosure that he earned $635 million in income from sales of these memecoins.

In July 2026, Blumenthal held public hearings on the family crypto projects from which the President made $1.4 billion.

The losses suffered by TRUMP memecoin investors were also addressed during these hearings.

Cryptocurrency exchange Binance and Tether, which issues the largest stablecoin, USDT, are under scrutiny over their dealings with the Trump administration.

Lawmakers suspected conflicts of interest stemming from the exchange’s collaboration with World Liberty Financial.

Previously, a group of senators had demanded an inquiry into the terms of the presidential pardon granted to Binance founder Changpeng Zhao.

Separately, The New York Times reported that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) gaining access to American artificial intelligence chips coincided with a $2 billion investment by a UAE entity into Binance using USD1, a stablecoin issued by World Liberty Financial.

While this deal rapidly expanded the volume of tokens in circulation, it enabled Trump’s company to generate revenue from interest on government bonds where USD1 reserves were held.

Trump, for his part, described the report as slander.

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US credit card debt hits record $1.29 trillion, New York Fed reports

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Americans’ credit card debt reached a record $1.29 trillion in the third quarter, according to a new report published by the New York Fed.

Falling behind on credit card payments can trap struggling households in a cycle of fees, credit score downgrades, and increasingly expensive borrowing.

Although delinquency rates across the country have shown improvement, the latest figures indicate that financial distress is concentrated in lower-income communities.

Consumer credit card balances rose by $22 billion in the third quarter, representing an increase of 1.7%. This figure is $52 billion higher than it was a year earlier.

The figures are not adjusted for inflation, which may mean that part of the increase reflects rising prices rather than more borrowing in real terms.

Total household debt, which includes mortgages, student loans, and auto loans, rose by $334 billion in the third quarter to reach a record $19.1 trillion.

This total represents an increase of $5 trillion compared to 2019, just before the pandemic.

The volume of credit card balances falling into serious delinquency is declining, indicating some improvement in Americans’ ability to make their payments on time.

The rate of credit card debt transitioning into serious delinquency fell to 6.9% in the third quarter. However, this rate remains distinctly higher than the 5.2% recorded prior to the pandemic.

Americans living in lower-income neighbourhoods are facing greater difficulty in keeping up with their credit card payments compared to more affluent groups, according to a separate report published by the New York Fed on Tuesday.

Delinquency rates across all neighbourhood income tiers remain above pre-pandemic levels, while the gap between the wealthiest and poorest areas has widened since 2022.

In the lowest-income neighbourhoods, 10.3% of credit card balances transitioned into serious delinquency over the past year.

This is more than double the 4.4% rate observed in the wealthiest neighbourhoods.

The average credit card balance per borrower now stands at $6,678, according to TransUnion’s third-quarter analysis report.

Among borrowers under the age of 30, the rate of credit card debt falling at least 90 days delinquent reached the highest level, according to the Fed’s report.

Democrats won the midterm elections promising to bring down prices, but delivering relief that voters can genuinely feel in their household budgets will be a difficult target to achieve.

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Mamdani quietly asks Trump to release detained immigrants

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New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani is using his rapport with US President Donald Trump to secure the release of selected detained immigrants.

According to reporting by Politico, Mamdani persuaded Trump during their second White House meeting in February to free a university student who had been detained that day by ICE.

The outcome served as validation for Mamdani, who pointed to the release of the Columbia University senior as proof that his surprisingly cordial relationship with Trump could produce tangible results for New Yorkers.

Mamdani subsequently continued to seek similar immigration-related interventions from the Republican president.

Since that February meeting, Mamdani and his aides have quietly forwarded the names of approximately two dozen immigrant New Yorkers held in ICE custody to Trump’s team, asking the president to order their release.

Two sources familiar with the matter said Mamdani most recently shared names of detained immigrants during a September meeting with Trump at Gracie Mansion.

The sources said the individuals in question had no serious criminal records, though they declined to disclose their identities, citing safety concerns.

According to Politico, these ongoing efforts regarding detained immigrants indicate Mamdani’s belief that he can leverage his rapport with Trump to advance causes the mercurial president might not ordinarily support.

Mamdani’s decision not to disclose these continued appeals publicly suggests an inclination to keep his interventions private to improve their chances of success.

Yet it remains unclear whether any immigrant besides Columbia University student Elmina Aghayeva has actually been released as a result of these efforts, and concern is mounting within City Hall that the window for securing such releases may be closing.

Mamdani’s aides working on the releases, including his Chief of Staff Elle Bisgaard-Church, communicated primarily with Trump’s White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles, according to people familiar with the matter.

Last week, Trump replaced Wiles with Stephen Miller, the architect of the administration’s most hardline immigration proposals and one of the loudest internal voices urging the president to pursue a mass deportation agenda in his second term.

A person familiar with the Mamdani administration’s thinking said the mayor’s team views it as unlikely that Miller will continue cooperating in the manner Wiles did, given his stance on immigration.

Mamdani spokesperson Dora Pekec declined to comment on internal concerns regarding Miller and did not provide details about the immigrants whose release the mayor had requested.

Pekec noted, however, that Mamdani has “consistently advocated directly on behalf of New Yorkers in his calls and meetings with the president.”

Murad Awawdeh, a close Mamdani ally and president and CEO of the New York Immigration Coalition, said the mayor’s team should not halt engagement with the Trump administration on immigration matters because of Miller’s promotion:

“Stephen Miller is a cruel individual who has spent his career attacking immigrants, but he is not the president; Donald Trump is, and this is his deportation agenda. New York expects the president to work with the mayor to serve this city and end the terror in our communities. Miller’s promotion changes none of that.”

Mamdani’s warm dynamic with Trump has confounded both allies and critics.

During last year’s New York mayoral election, Trump referred to Mamdani as a “communist lunatic” and threatened to have him arrested.

In turn, the 35-year-old democratic socialist branded the president a “fascist” and pledged to fight him relentlessly if elected mayor.

Yet that animosity fell away late last year during their first White House meeting, where an amicable tone prevailed.

The thaw culminated in September at Gracie Mansion, where Trump said Mamdani had “great potential” to be a “terrific mayor.”

Mamdani returned the compliment by noting that the president had “built quite a bit of housing in our city.”

Despite the polite exchange, questions remain over how much substantive progress Mamdani can genuinely secure through Trump, including on immigration.

To date, Aghayeva’s release stands as one of the few concrete concessions Mamdani has obtained from Trump.

Aides on both sides are also discussing a multi-billion-dollar federally backed housing initiative in Queens, and last month Mamdani used his channel to Trump to help secure a temporary visa for a Ghanaian woman whose son was shot and killed in the Bronx.

Beyond those instances, few tangible results have emerged, though Trump’s decision not to enact punitive measures against New York is viewed by Mamdani’s allies as a win for the city.

Trump’s political standing is widely seen as weakened following the Republican Party’s loss of both houses of Congress in elections last Tuesday.

How this political shift will affect Trump’s willingness to engage with ideological adversaries such as Mamdani remains uncertain.

Miller’s appointment as chief of staff appears to signal little presidential interest in moderation, particularly on immigration policy.

Even so, the mayor said last week that he does not intend to stop seeking Trump’s assistance, despite “fierce” policy disagreements.

“We have found an area of common interest in the well-being of New York City, and as long as that can deliver for our city, I’m going to keep that door open,” Mamdani told Politico on Friday in Puerto Rico.

Mamdani and other elected officials from New York had gathered in Puerto Rico for the annual Somos political conference.

Two days later, in an interview on Fox News, a network Trump is known to watch regularly, Mamdani described a “productive relationship” with the president, saying the two text and speak by phone frequently:

“Through those conversations, we were able to get a New Yorker out of ICE detention. We were able to secure a visa for a grieving mother who would have otherwise had to watch her son’s funeral from thousands of miles away. What that tells me is: My job is to deliver for New Yorkers, and I have to work with whoever has the power to do that, wherever they may be.”

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