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The US federal government shuts down after Congress fails to pass a budget

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The federal government in the United States ceased operations as of October 1, after Congress failed to approve the budget for the new fiscal year.

The shutdown, which began at 7:01 AM Turkish time, suspended the spending authority of government agencies, and most civil servants were placed on unpaid leave.

Those in critical roles, such as healthcare workers, border guards, soldiers, and transportation personnel, will continue to work without pay. This marks the first full government shutdown in seven years.

First full shutdown in seven years

Previous shutdowns had been partial, with Congress passing temporary budget bills to buy time for negotiations.

This latest event is the 21st government shutdown in modern US history.

The longest of these occurred during Donald Trump’s presidency, lasting 35 days from December 22, 2018, to January 25, 2019, and was estimated to have cost the American economy $3 billion.

During that period, some civil servants applied for food assistance, while those working without pay took sick leave en masse.

Healthcare reform at the center of the dispute

At the core of the current crisis is a disagreement over subsidies under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which is set to expire at the end of 2025.

Democrats have announced they will not support the budget unless these subsidies are protected. They also refuse to accept budget cuts for key health agencies like the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Republicans, who control both houses of Congress after the 2024 elections, cannot reach the 60 votes needed in the Senate to pass the budget; the party holds 53 seats in the Senate. While Republicans proposed debating health issues separately from the budget, Democrats rejected this offer.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer criticized Republicans for their lack of compromise, stating, “There is not the slightest contribution from Democrats in their bill. We have never done this before. When I was the majority leader in the Senate, we sat down with Republicans four times, and there was never a shutdown.”

Parties blame each other

A meeting between President Trump and leaders of both parties two days before the shutdown also failed to yield a result. Schumer reported that he told Trump during the meeting that canceling ACA subsidies would increase the average American family’s monthly healthcare costs by $400, but the President seemed to be hearing this figure for the first time.

Vice President JD Vance accused the opposition of “holding the government hostage.”

House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries also placed the responsibility on the ruling party, saying, “If a shutdown happens, it will be because Republicans decided to stop the government and harm the American people.”

Millions of employees and many services will be affected

Unlike in previous shutdowns, the Trump administration has instructed federal agencies to prepare mass layoff plans in advance. According to the Washington Post, these cuts will not affect the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, or immigration agencies.

In an interview with NBC News, President Trump said the layoffs could be permanent, though he would prefer to avoid that outcome. This situation could effectively implement Trump’s policy of downsizing the state apparatus.

During the shutdown, a total of approximately 4 million federal employees will be without pay. The US Department of Health and Human Services will place 41% of its staff on unpaid leave, along with 64% of the CDC’s staff and 75% of the NIH’s staff.

The Pentagon announced that 334,900 of its 741,500 civilian personnel will be sent on unpaid leave, while 223,900 will continue to work without pay alongside 2 million soldiers. The fact that air traffic controllers and police officers will also work without pay could lead to flight delays.

The shutdown will also halt lending by the Small Business Administration and suspend federal housing loan processing. Unlike civil servants, contract workers in services such as cleaning and security will not receive back pay. Members of Congress, however, will continue to receive their salaries during this period.

What does a ‘government shutdown’ mean in the US?

In the US, a “government shutdown” means the federal government stops its expenditures when Congress fails to pass a budget bill or a temporary funding resolution for the new fiscal year.

When a budget impasse occurs, federal agencies are prohibited from spending money. Most public employees are sent on mandatory leave and do not receive a salary. However, employees in critical roles—such as healthcare personnel, border guards, soldiers, and air traffic controllers—must continue to work, though they do not receive their pay until the crisis ends.

National parks and museums close, visa and passport processing slows down, research projects, public services, and administrative processes are disrupted, and financial markets can be affected by the uncertainty.

The shutdown continues until Congress agrees on a budget or passes a temporary funding bill.

This has happened more than 20 times in US history. The longest shutdown lasted 35 days during Donald Trump’s presidency (2018–2019).

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US wealthy demolish multimillion-dollar mansions for land

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Wealthy buyers in the US are tearing down multimillion-dollar homes shortly after purchasing them for hundreds of millions of dollars.

According to a report by The Wall Street Journal, the trend is driven by a shortage of land in prestigious locations, particularly along coastlines.

For ultra-wealthy buyers, the prime factor has become the land’s location rather than the structure standing on it. After the acquired properties are flattened, newer, more modern homes are built on the cleared lots.

Drawing attention to the shift in the luxury real estate market, the report noted:

“The home itself, formerly the primary driver of an expensive real estate purchase, is now almost beside the point. Buyers are competing first and foremost for well-located land, situated on the ocean or a mountaintop.”

The newspaper cited moves by US billionaire William Lauder as an example. Lauder purchased the oceanfront estate of radio host Rush Limbaugh, who died in March 2023, for $155 million and had it completely demolished in July.

Lauder had previously torn down two homes situated on roughly 1.2 hectares of land along the Palm Beach coast. Having initially planned to construct his own residence on the parcel, Lauder subsequently sold the cleared plot for approximately $200 million.

Jonathan Miller, a real estate appraiser, stated that such transactions are becoming increasingly common as land prices rise.

Amid this momentum, estate agents have also begun marketing luxury homes directly as teardown lots.

Listings use artificial intelligence-generated imagery to showcase how the land would look without the structures on it.

Marketers avoid using the word “demolition” directly, resorting instead to terms such as “adaptive reuse”.

Teardown listings rise across luxury housing market

The trend is not confined to the coast and is spreading to other regions across the US.

Data from property brokerage Redfin reveals that references to demolishing buildings are becoming more frequent in sales listings.

The share of such listings exceeds 15% in the Bunker Hill Village area of Houston, while standing at 6.67% in Pimmit Hills, Virginia.

Dina Goldenteyer, a real estate agent working in Miami, remarked that serial demolitions have become more frequent because buyers no longer appreciate homes older than a decade.

Former retail executives Jamie Dooley and Christine Scott spent $3.7 million in 2020 to demolish a seaside home near Destin, Florida.

Although the couple spent five years building a modern home on the cleared site, they listed the resulting new structure with a demolition condition, citing the fact that no one wanted to buy the property as it stood.

William Paddock, an employee at the environmental consultancy WAP Sustainability, pointed to the environmental damage caused by this construction cycle.

Paddock emphasized that tearing down a home of roughly 1,000 square metres and replacing it with a new building of approximately 2,700 square metres generates a carbon footprint equivalent to the annual emissions of an average 250 American households.

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US inflation reaches 3.7% as midterm election campaign intensifies

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An uptick in September inflation as the US midterm elections approach has pushed the cost-of-living debate back to the centre of the agenda for Democrats seeking to regain control of Congress from Republicans.

Annual inflation stood at 3.7% in September, according to the Consumer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labour Statistics, with energy, petrol, and electricity costs rising on a monthly basis.

Food prices remained flat from August to September, recording a 2.5% increase compared with the same period last year.

Democrats are anchoring their election campaigns to pledges of easing the cost of living, blaming the price increases on President Donald Trump’s tariffs and the war with Iran.

Trump and Republicans, pointing to the numerous left-wing candidates who won primary elections this year, contend that the opposition has become captive to “communists” within the party.

When annual inflation stood at 2.4% in February, the US and Israel launched the Iran war on the final day of that month, and prices continued to climb throughout the conflict.

The recent acceleration has not entirely reversed the retreat from the 40-year peak of 9.1% recorded in June 2022; however, the rate has remained above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target for over five years.

Fed policymakers raised the benchmark interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point last month, citing the battle against stubborn inflation. Officials will convene again next week to consider whether to raise rates or hold them within the 3.75% to 4% target range.

Energy and fuel record sharpest increase since first month of war

In September, energy prices posted their largest monthly jump since March, the first full month of the war with Iran, climbing 20.4% year-on-year. Energy costs had risen 2.1% from July to August, after falling 1.5% from June to July and 5.7% from May to June.

Recent escalations in Iranian attacks on oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz, alongside more frequent strikes by Ukrainian forces against Russian refineries, have strained global crude oil and refined product markets, driving up US petrol and diesel prices.

Petrol prices also recorded their sharpest monthly increase since the first month of the war, climbing 9.1% from August to September, bringing the annual increase to 35.3%.

American Automobile Association (AAA) data shows the average price of regular petrol across the US stands at $4.26 per gallon; while below the level of roughly $4.48 recorded a month ago, it remains more than $1.20 higher than a year earlier. Average gallon prices exceed $6 in California and $5 in both Washington state and Nevada.

Electricity prices rose 0.2% from August to September, offsetting the 0.2% decline between July and August, and were up 4.4% year-on-year.

Heavy power demand from new data centres is feeding through into local household electricity bills. Trump argued that companies must cover the cost of the electricity required by their data centres themselves.

In a post on Truth Social, Trump claimed that he was requiring large data centres to generate their own power and feed the surplus back into the local grid, suggesting this could bring about “a major drop” in electricity prices.

Used vehicle market posts monthly rise as food costs stabilise

The cost of food at home fell 0.1% month-on-month in September, while dining out increased 0.2%.

Egg prices dropped to $2.27 a dozen, falling roughly 35% compared with September 2025 and remaining well below the 20-year peak of $6.23 recorded in March 2025.

Ground beef prices rose roughly 2.4% compared with September 2025, but at $6.48 a pound, they remained below the 20-year high of $6.98 reached in June.

Chicken held steady at its year-earlier level of $2.06 per pound last month, having fluctuated between $2.01 and $2.09 since November 2024.

Used car and truck prices fell 1.5% compared with September 2025, but rose 0.7% month-on-month in September following 0.4% increases in both July and August.

Heather Long, chief economist at Navy Federal Credit Union, noted that the sector faces severe pressure stemming from a combination of expensive replacement parts and a shortage of skilled labour.

Speaking to The Hill, Long emphasised that every cost pressure across the market is being felt directly at local auto repair shops.

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Anthropic posts $80.7bn loss ahead of IPO as computing costs soar

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Anthropic, developer of the artificial intelligence model Claude, reported a net loss of $80.7 billion for the first six months of 2026 ending 30 June.

According to a report by The Wall Street Journal citing the company’s draft initial public offering prospectus, this recorded loss nearly doubled the $42 billion loss incurred across the entirety of 2025.

The vast majority of that enormous figure, accounting for $72 billion, stemmed from accounting-driven book-value write-downs.

In contrast, the company saw a sharp surge in revenue, with turnover in the first half of the year climbing to $16.3 billion from $1.1 billion in the same period of the prior year.

During this period, Anthropic spent approximately $9 billion on computing power and infrastructure needs, surpassing in just six months the $7.3 billion spent across the whole of 2025.

The company has commitments to pay roughly $450 billion over the next seven to 10 years under cloud service contracts.

Under these obligations, contracts are planned for $111 billion with Google Cloud, $110 billion with Amazon Web Services, and $31 billion with Microsoft.

Anthropic will also spend up to $86 billion by 2033 and 2034, respectively, to lease Nvidia chips through smaller AI-focused cloud providers Nscale and Lambda.

The company could spend an additional $750 billion in the coming years to expand its computing capacity.

Roughly a third of the draft IPO prospectus was dedicated directly to risk factors.

The document highlighted the possibility that models could cause tangible real-world harm, noting that artificial intelligence could exhibit a “self-preservation” tendency and produce responses resembling “blackmail”.

Anthropic warned that the scale of damage caused by an AI-driven “catastrophic event” could render insuring against such risks impossible.

According to market expectations, Anthropic’s IPO could rank among the largest transactions in history, potentially surpassing SpaceX’s record.

Following the market debut, the company’s market valuation is projected to reach up to $2 trillion.

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