Middle East
US bombs Iranian nuclear sites, sparking fears of wider conflict
US President Trump announced that American aircraft bombed Fordo, Natanz, and Isfahan, and that Israel participated in the air campaign against the Islamic republic.
The decision to attack Iran is seen as a potential turning point for Trump’s presidency, which began its second term with promises to be a peace envoy who would end “endless wars.”
The attack raises the possibility of Iranian retaliation against the US, particularly targeting military bases and ships in the region, as well as other interests like oil supplies. Trump stated that if Iran’s retaliatory strikes target the US, he will respond again.
This attack represents a political gamble for the president at a time when his MAGA (Make America Great Again) base is fiercely divided between hawks who want the US to go to war with Iran and those who believe the US should stay out of foreign conflicts.
After holding a national security meeting at the White House on Saturday evening, Trump wrote on Truth Social, “We have just completed our very successful attack on three nuclear sites in Iran, including Fordo, Natanz, and Isfahan. All aircraft are now out of Iranian airspace.”
“Fordo, the main target, was hit with full-load bombs. All planes are returning home safely,” he said.
The US president claimed that the attack, carried out by American aircraft and submarines, resulted in the “complete destruction” of Iran’s key nuclear enrichment facilities.
According to state media, Iranian officials confirmed the attack on the three nuclear sites.
Stating that they worked as a team with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the attack on Iran, Trump said, “Iran must make peace. If this is not done, the next attacks will be much heavier.”
“Our goal was to destroy Iran’s nuclear enrichment capability and stop the nuclear threat posed by the world’s number one state sponsor of terror,” Trump said, describing the overnight attacks as a “magnificent success.”
According to a senior White House official, the US president and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke after the attacks. The official added that the US had informed Israel in advance of its plan to bomb the nuclear facilities.
“Facility had been evacuated”
An adviser to the speaker of the Iranian parliament said that Tehran had been expecting an attack on Fordo.
“From Iran’s point of view, nothing too strange happened,” Mahdi Mohammadi wrote on X.
“Iran had been expecting an attack on Fordo for several nights. The facility had been evacuated for some time and did not suffer irreversible damage from the attack.”
It was reported that there was no nuclear leak at the Fordo facility, one of Iran’s most critical nuclear sites, following the US attack.
An official from the governor’s office in Qom province, where the Fordo uranium enrichment facility is located, made a statement to Anadolu Agency.
The official said, “The Fordo nuclear facility was attacked by the United States and this facility was damaged, but there is no nuclear leak in or around it.”
Meanwhile, Iranian state television, without confirming the attack reports, had announced that the facilities were evacuated beforehand and the nuclear materials were moved to another location.
Washington contacts Tehran
In a second post on Truth Social, Trump said, “IRAN MUST NOW AGREE TO END THIS WAR. THIS IS A HISTORIC MOMENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, ISRAEL, AND THE WORLD.”
It was claimed that after hitting the three nuclear facilities in Iran, the US contacted Tehran to convey that its goal was not regime change.
According to a report by CBS News, citing US sources, the Washington administration sent a diplomatic message to Tehran after striking the three nuclear facilities, emphasizing that the attacks were carried out entirely by them and that they had no intention of seeking regime change.
CBS News had previously reported, based on information from multiple sources within the US administration, that President Trump had opposed a plan to assassinate Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
Netanyahu expresses thanks
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu thanked US President Trump for announcing the attack on Iran’s three nuclear facilities.
Prime Minister Netanyahu posted a video message on his X account, thanking President Trump for his decision to strike Iran’s nuclear sites.
“Congratulations, President Trump. Your courageous decision to target Iran’s nuclear facilities with the magnificent and righteous power of the US will change history,” Netanyahu said.
Claiming that Israel was doing “amazing things” with its attacks on Iran, Netanyahu argued that the US had truly achieved a “unique success” with the attack it carried out tonight.
Arguing that the US attack on Iran was a “historic turning point” that would bring peace to the Middle East, Netanyahu asserted, “President Trump and I often say peace through strength. First comes strength, then comes peace. And tonight, President Trump and the US acted with great strength.”
What were they hit with?
It was claimed that the US struck Fordo, the most important of Iran’s three nuclear facilities, using six bunker-buster munitions, while the other two facilities were destroyed by 30 Tomahawk missiles launched from American submarines in the region.
Fox News host Sean Hannity said on his live program that he had just spoken with US President Donald Trump by phone, and Trump told him that 30 Tomahawk missiles were also launched from American submarines approximately 645 kilometers away in the attacks on Iran’s nuclear facilities.
Hannity recalled that it had previously been suggested that at least two GBU-57 A/B “Massive Ordnance Penetrator” bunker-buster munitions would be needed for Iran’s Fordo nuclear facility, but he learned in his conversation with the US president that six bunker-busters were used.
“The other two major Iranian nuclear facilities, Natanz and Isfahan, were destroyed by 30 Tomahawk missiles launched by American submarines about 645 kilometers away,” Hannity added.
B-2s also participated
The US had previously moved B-2 stealth bombers, which were believed to be en route to a base in Guam. The American “bunker buster” bombs carried by the B-2s were seen as the most suitable weapon to destroy Iran’s uranium enrichment facility at Fordo, which is buried deep inside a mountain.
According to information obtained by the American news site Axios from an Israeli official, B-2 heavy bombers were also used in the attack.
“Unconstitutional”
Republican foreign policy hawks in Congress applauded the president’s military move. US Senator Lindsey Graham said, “This was the right decision. The regime deserves it.” Senator Jim Risch, the powerful chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, applauded Trump’s “decisive action” to help Israel, saying, “This is not the beginning of an endless war. There will be no American troops on Iranian soil.”
Democratic US Senator John Fetterman also praised Trump, saying the president made the “right move.”
However, Republican Representative Thomas Massie said the decision was “unconstitutional.”
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran: We will not stop
The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) condemned the US attack.
The organization stated that the three nuclear facilities were operating under the full supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and that the “barbaric attack” on these facilities violated international law.
The AEOI said the attack was carried out “under the indifference, or even complicity, of the International Atomic Energy Agency.”
“The international community is expected to condemn this lawlessness based on the law of the jungle and to stand by Iran in defending its legitimate rights,” the statement said, guaranteeing the “great Iranian nation that the progress of this national industry will not be allowed to be stopped despite the treacherous conspiracies of the enemies.”
“The organization has placed on its agenda all necessary measures, including legal follow-up measures, to defend the rights of the noble Iranian people,” it added.
Iran launches retaliation: Missiles toward Israel
On Sunday morning, the Israeli army announced Iranian retaliatory attacks. It stated that it had detected about 20 missiles fired from Iran toward the central and northern regions of Israel.
Loud explosion sounds were heard throughout Israel, and Israel’s emergency service, Magen David Adom (MDA), was dispatched to several areas where impacts were reported.
There were reports of impacts in the northern and central regions of Israel, with 10 missiles reportedly hitting their targets.
The army added that defense systems were activated to intercept the threats.
In the event of a warning, the public was instructed to enter a protected area and remain there until further notice.
Iranian retaliatory attacks are expected to continue in the coming hours.
June 13
On June 13, Israel launched wide-ranging attacks targeting nuclear facilities in various Iranian cities, as well as the army’s high command.
Iran’s Chief of General Staff, the Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Guards, some senior commanders, and nine nuclear scientists were killed in the attacks.
In a statement on June 21, the Iranian Ministry of Health reported that the total civilian death toll from the Israeli attacks was 430, with more than 3,500 injured.
Iran launched retaliatory attacks. The Israeli Prime Minister’s Office reported that 24 people were killed and 1,272 were injured in the retaliations carried out by the Iranian army.
Many countries, including Türkiye, China, Russia, and Pakistan, condemned Israel.
Middle East
US waives human rights terms on $320m military aid to Egypt
The US State Department stated that it has waived human rights conditions on more than $300 million in military aid to Egypt.
The statement emphasised that this decision was taken in consideration of Cairo’s “helpful role” since the outbreak of the war against Iran.
Egypt began receiving substantial support from the US after signing a peace treaty with Israel in 1979.
Since the late 1980s, the country has received approximately $1.3 billion annually in US military assistance.
A portion of this aid is subject to conditions related to human rights and democracy, which can be waived on national security grounds.
Withholding funds, including during the administration of former US President Joe Biden, has caused tension between Cairo and Washington in the past.
A letter dated 21 September and addressed to various congressional committees, obtained by Reuters, stated that Secretary of State Marco Rubio “decided to waive the certification requirement under the fiscal year 2025 Foreign Military Financing programme for Egypt of $320 million.”
This waiver was subsequently confirmed by the State Department.
An accompanying memorandum justifying the decision stated that this portion of military aid was “essential for counterterrorism, border security, or non-proliferation programmes, or otherwise important to the national security interests of the United States.”
The memorandum, dated 4 September and bearing Rubio’s signature, stated: “Exercising this waiver authority is critical to the US-Egypt relationship and to US national security priorities, particularly given the helpful role Egypt has played in the aftermath of Operation Epic Fury.”
“Operation Epic Fury” is the designation used by the US military for the campaign launched jointly with Israel against Iran in late February.
The State Department memorandum, whose authenticity was confirmed by two sources in Washington familiar with the letter, did not provide detailed information regarding what was termed Egypt’s “helpful role”.
The State Department’s annual decision on military aid to Egypt typically covers funds allocated for the preceding fiscal year, which ends on 30 September.
A State Department spokesperson stated that Rubio waived the certification in the interest of US national security and that the US continues to cooperate with the Egyptian government across a range of issues.
In an emailed statement, the spokesperson said: “This waiver recognizes the importance of maintaining security cooperation with Egypt at a time of significant security challenges in the region.”
The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not immediately comment on the matter.
The spillover effects of the Iran war have imposed a heavy toll on US security partners, including Egypt.
Owing to rising fuel prices and other disruptions, the Egyptian economy is passing through a difficult period.
Under the Biden administration, the US withheld portions of the annual military allocation on multiple occasions over Egypt’s human rights record.
In 2024, following the Hamas-led 7 October attack on Israel and the subsequent war in Gaza, the Biden administration set aside human rights conditions, disbursing the entire $1.3 billion allocation to Egypt for the first time in its tenure.
Human rights organisations have long accused Egypt, under the administration of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, of widespread human rights abuses, including torture and enforced disappearances.
This week, Egyptian police detained six journalists from a fact-checking and investigative media outlet, accusing them of spreading false information on behalf of the banned Muslim Brotherhood.
Egyptian authorities state that they have taken steps to address human rights issues. Sisi said stability is paramount and that the government supports human rights by working to provide for basic needs.
Middle East
Britain expands curbs on arms exports to Israel over Gaza risks
Britain has significantly broadened its military export restrictions targeting Israel, suspending or rejecting more than 80 licences for items the IDF could use in Gaza.
This figure is nearly triple the number affected when the policy was first introduced in September 2024.
United Kingdom Minister of State for the Middle East Stephen Doughty said that as part of what he described as a “tighter system” for assessing exports to Israel, more than 50 further export applications have been refused since approximately 30 licences were initially suspended.
Under the initial decision taken in September 2024, 30 of roughly 350 licences were suspended after the British government concluded there was a “clear risk” that certain military exports could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian law in Gaza.
The affected equipment included components for military aircraft, drones, naval systems, and targeting gear.
Doughty said additional measures adopted this month established what he termed a “double safeguard” mechanism within the approvals process.
Export applications must now be assessed both against existing international humanitarian law criteria and in light of Britain’s position on the legality of Israel’s presence in the Palestinian territories.
“We have so far suspended or refused more than 80 licences,” Doughty said, adding that he had personally examined each licence.
Despite the wider restrictions, British-origin parts entering the international F-35 fighter jet supply chain continue to be largely exempt.
The UK government argues that preventing British-made components from entering the global F-35 pool could undermine the programme as a whole and have serious consequences for the security of the UK and its allies.
Direct exports of F-35 parts intended specifically for Israel remain suspended.
Doughty defended maintaining the supply of components via the international programme, arguing that halting it could have severe ramifications for the broader European and allied security architecture.
Foreign Affairs Committee Chair Emily Thornberry challenged this position, arguing that the issue was political rather than purely legal.
Thornberry suggested adopting an approach similar to the Dutch model, under which components entering the international supply chain could be flagged as “not intended for aircraft bound for Israel”.
The initial suspension was implemented in September 2024 by then Foreign Secretary David Lammy.
Lammy stressed at the time that the measure did not constitute an arms embargo and applied solely to items assessed as usable in military operations in Gaza.
Since then, the policy has been tightened further under Prime Minister Andy Burnham.
The expanded export restrictions follow the Burnham government’s adoption of a more confrontational policy toward the Israeli government.
Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband drew sustained applause at the Labour Party’s annual conference in Liverpool after delivering a sharp critique of the Netanyahu government’s policies and defending the decision to ban trade with Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Accusing Israel of committing war crimes in Gaza, Miliband stated that the British government heard public outrage over the conflict, telling delegates: “We hear you. You were right.”
Middle East
Netanyahu holds secret UAE talks with Saudi Arabia and Arab officials
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with representatives of Gulf and Arab nations that lack diplomatic ties with Israel, including Saudi Arabia, during his weekend visit to the United Arab Emirates.
Sources close to the gathering told the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth on Monday that representatives from Morocco, Libya, Jordan, and Qatar also took part in the meeting.
Netanyahu made a unannounced visit to Abu Dhabi on Sunday, where he met with the country’s leader, Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
According to Israeli media, this marked the first time the United Arab Emirates officially confirmed a visit by Netanyahu.
The meeting was arranged by Mossad Director Roman Goffman “at the request of Saudi Arabia, which asked for Israel’s assistance against Houthi attacks in the Red Sea region,” according to Yedioth Ahronoth.
The discussions addressed Iran and the Houthi militia. The newspaper added that the Arab states heard from Israel that “Israel is prepared to assist countries in the region with air defence systems, just as it aided the UAE during the conflict with Iran.”
Conflict in Yemen intensified in September when Ansarullah militiamen launched a rapid offensive that seized Yemen’s entire Red Sea coastline, including the vital maritime corridor of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
The Yemeni resistance also imposed a blockade on Saudi Arabia’s energy exports and staged multiple attacks against the kingdom.
Saudi Arabia reportedly sought military assistance from the US to counter Ansarullah.
Washington declined to attack the Houthis directly, but announced that it would provide intelligence and targeting support.
Reporting on the same visit, The Jerusalem Post said Netanyahu spent six hours in the UAE and that the principal subject of his discussions with MBZ was Iran.
Citing sources familiar with the matter, the newspaper added that the trip came “after Netanyahu exerted heavy pressure on the United Arab Emirates to arrange a meeting ahead of the Israeli elections on 27 October.”
Separately, the Associated Press, citing a person with direct knowledge of the meeting, reported that Netanyahu’s visit to the UAE was arranged in part to ask MBZ to deny reports that he had warned the Israeli prime minister of an impending Hamas threat prior to 7 October 2023.
According to Israeli media, Netanyahu’s office denied the AP report, issuing the following statement:
“Fake news. The visit focused solely on strengthening ties between the two countries and on regional issues.”
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